Dore ikintu ntawe ukubwira imbere: gutora ansisitemu yo kubika ingufuntabwo ari nko guhitamo imodoka aho ushobora kugerageza gutwara bike hanyuma ukajyana ninda yawe. Imigabane iratandukanye. Wibeshye kandi urimo kureba umutungo wahagaze, inzozi zikora, cyangwa sisitemu mbi - idashobora gutanga mugihe ubikeneye cyane.
Narebye abayobozi b'ikigo bababajwe n'iki cyemezo amezi. Kandi tuvugishije ukuri? Bagomba.
Ibyibanze Ntamuntu Wifuza Kumva
Ububiko bw'ingufu buza kumpagarara zifatika: urashaka ubwinshi bwingufu, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire, igisubizo cyihuse, ituze ryumuriro, nigiciro gito. Toranya bitatu. Ahari bane niba ufite amahirwe. Bose uko ari batanu? Ntibibaho - byibura sibyo. Ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ryigeze rihura n'ibyifuzo byacu, nubwo fosifate ya lithium ikora ibintu bikomeye vuba aha.
Igituma ibi bigorana nuko porogaramu zitandukanye zisaba ibintu bitandukanye cyane na sisitemu yo kubika. Ikigo cyamakuru gikeneye iminota cumi nagatanu yingufu zikiraro mugihe cyacitse ntikigura munzira imwe nigikorwa cyo gucukura amabuye ya kure gikora rwose - gride. Ikigo cyamakuru cyifuza igihe cyo gusubiza milisegonda no kwizerwa byimazeyo - bazishyura hafi kubintu byose kuri izo garanti. Ahantu hacukurwa amabuye hakenewe ububiko bwinshi, birashoboka ko muminsi ifite agaciro, kandi bibanda cyane kubiciro byose bya nyirabyo kuko bohereza mazutu hagati - ya - ntahantu na hamwe ku giciro cy’inyenyeri. Icyiciro kimwe cyikoranabuhanga, ibisobanuro bitandukanye rwose. Aha niho ibyemezo byinshi byo kugura bijya kuruhande.
Reka rero tubice ibi nibyingenzi.
Urusobemiyoboro - Igipimo gipimo
Ku gipimo cyingirakamaro, pompe hydro iracyiganje mubushobozi bwashyizweho kwisi. Nubuhanga bwa kera - twabikoze kuva 1890 - ariko bukora neza cyane kububiko bwinshi bwapimwe mumasaha ya gigawatt -. Ifatwa riragaragara: ukeneye geografiya yihariye. Ibigega bibiri ahantu hirengeye, ahantu h'ubutaka bugaragara, kandi bigenda byiyongera, ukeneye impushya zo kubungabunga ibidukikije zishobora gufata imyaka icumi kugirango ubone umutekano. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwihuse bwo kohereza.
Kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zifunitse zifata umwanya udasanzwe wo hagati. Byumvikane neza, biragoye. Urimo gukoresha cyane cyane amashanyarazi kugirango ugabanye umwuka mubuvumo bwo munsi - dome yumunyu ikora neza kuriyi - hanyuma ukayirekura ukoresheje turbine mugihe ukeneye ingufu zisubira inyuma. Kuzenguruka - ingendo zingendo zigera kuri 40-70% ukurikije niba ufata ubushyuhe bwimyanda. Icyo cyuho cyo gukora neza kibabaza injeniyeri, ariko tekinoroji ifite agaciro nyako kubijyanye na geologiya yihariye.
Aho Batteri Yahinduye Byose
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri - BESS mu mvugo y’inganda - yaturikiye aho byagaragaye mu myaka icumi ishize. Litiyumu - ion chimie yatwaye ibiciro byagabanutse nka 90% hagati ya 2010 na 2023.Ibi ntabwo ari ikosa. Kwiga umurongo byabaye bidasanzwe, bikoreshwa cyane nubunini bwo gukora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Mu buryo butunguranye, ububiko bwa batiri bwabaye ingirakamaro mubukungu mubisabwa bisa nkaho bihenze mumyaka mike ishize.
Muri lithium - ion, ufite amahitamo. NMC - nikel manganese cobalt - ipakira ingufu nyinshi mumwanya muto. Ubucucike bukabije busobanura ibirenge bito, sisitemu yoroshye. Ariko NMC itwara ibyago byo guhunga bisaba ubwitonzi bukomeye. Umuriro ufata imitwe. Ntamuntu wifuza kuba kiriya kigo kumakuru ya nimugoroba.
LFP - lithium fer fosifate - igurisha zimwe muri izo mbaraga zingufu zumutekano no kuramba. Nta cobalt isobanura kugabanuka k'umutwe hamwe no guhangayikishwa n'imyitwarire. Chimie isanzwe ihagaze neza; guhunga ubushyuhe biragoye cyane kubitera. Ubuzima bwikiziga bugera ku bihumbi byishyurwa - gusohora inzinguzingo mbere yo gutesha agaciro. Kubisabwa bihagaze aho udatwaye bateri hirya no hino, ibihano byuburemere akenshi ntacyo bitwaye. Ibi birasobanura impamvu ibikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi ninganda bikurura LFP.
Inyuma - the - Metero Porogaramu
Ibibanza byubucuruzi ninganda bivuga inkuru itandukanye.
Kogosha impinga bikomeza kugaragara neza. Amafaranga asabwa yingirakamaro arashobora kwangiza fagitire yingufu - tuvuga 30 - 50% yikiguzi cyose mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo gukora. Sisitemu ya bateri nini yuzuye yishyuza mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi no gusohora mugihe cyibisabwa, kogosha izo mpinga kugeza kurwego rushobora gucungwa. Imibare ikora byihuse. Ibihe byo kwishyura byimyaka 3-5 ntibisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bigufi bitewe nuburyo bwibiciro byaho. Ongeraho guhuza izuba kandi ubukungu burusheho kuba bwiza.
Ibigo nderabuzima bifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe. Imbaraga zububiko ntizihinduka - zisabwa na code na ethique. Amashanyarazi gakondo ya mazutu akemura ikibazo cyagutse, ariko bateri zitanga imbaraga zikiraro ako kanya mugihe cyo guhinduranya. Ayo masegonda make afite akamaro mugihe ukoresha ICU. Uburyo bwa Hybrid - batteri kugirango isubizwe ako kanya, generator kumara - yahindutse ikintu cyinganda.
EV Ibikorwa Remezo
Uyu yafashe ibikoresho byinshi byingirakamaro. Amashanyarazi yihuta akuramo imbaraga nini - 150kW, 350kW, birashoboka ko megawatt - igipimo cyo kwishyuza amato yubucuruzi. Kwinjiza ubwo bwoko bwubushobozi akenshi bisaba kuzamura ibiciro bya grid bihenze: gusimbuza transformateur, serivisi nshya igabanuka, rimwe na rimwe insimburangingo nshya. Cyangwa urashobora guhagarika ibyifuzo hamwe nububiko bwimbuga.
Sisitemu ya batiri yishyuza buhoro buhoro kuva gride yoroheje, hanyuma igatanga ibisasu byihuse kubinyabiziga. Ibikorwa nkibi kuko ntabwo urimo gukora imitwaro minini. Ba nyiri urubuga barabikunda kuko birinda ibiciro bitandatu - ibiciro byo kuzamura ibikorwa remezo. Umuntu wese aratsinda, byinshi cyangwa bike.
Off - Imiyoboro Yukuri
Imbuga za kure zigaragaza intege nke zose muguhitamo kwa tekinoroji. Nta kamaro ko gusubira inyuma. Nta mutekinisiye wa serivisi ugaragaza umunsi - umunsi. Ibyo ushyiraho byose bigomba gukora, byizewe, hamwe nimbaraga nke, bishoboka mubushuhe bukabije. Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu majyaruguru ya Kanada bihura na -40 dogere. Ahantu hubatswe mukarere ka butayu hahura nubushyuhe bwa dogere 50. Ntabwo imiterere ari nziza kuri bateri.
Imicungire yubushyuhe iba ingirakamaro. Ibikoresho bigezweho bya BESS ibisubizo - tekereza kohereza - kontineri - ibice binini byuzuyemo bateri nibikoresho byose bifasha - mubisanzwe harimo sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Bagenga ubushyuhe bwimbere batitaye kumiterere yo hanze. Sisitemu zimwe zikora kuva kuri dogere -20 kugeza kuri dogere 50 ibidukikije, nubwo imikorere ikabije bisaba kubara neza.
Microgrids yerekana ikizamini cyanyuma. Imirasire y'izuba, turbine z'umuyaga, birashoboka ko moteri ya mazutu yo kugarura ibintu, byose byateguwe binyuze mu buhanga buhanitse. Sisitemu yo kubika yoroshya igihe gishobora kuvugururwa, itanga infashanyo ya voltage na voltage, kandi igafasha gukora ikirwa mugihe gikenewe.
Tuvuge iki kuri Bateri zitemba?
Naba nibutse tutibagiwe na bateri zitemba. Vanadium redox, zinc - bromine, izindi chimisties zitandukanye. Babika ingufu muri electrolytite yamazi yavomwe mumashanyarazi. Inyungu nini: urashobora gupima ubushobozi bwingufu utisunze ingufu wongeyeho tanki ya electrolyte. Igihe cyapimwe mumasaha - itandatu, umunani, cumi na kabiri - birashoboka mubukungu muburyo lithium - ion irwanira guhuza.
Ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ryageze kuri lithium - ion igabanuka ryibiciro. Igipimo cyo gukora ntigihari. Ariko kubisobanuro byihariye bisaba igihe kirekire - kubika igihe, bateri zitemba zikwiye gusuzumwa bikomeye. Ntukabirukane.
Gufata Icyemezo
Tangira nibisabwa gusaba, ntabwo ikoranabuhanga. Nigihe kingana iki - iminota, amasaha, iminsi? Ni ikihe gihe cyo gusubiza gifite akamaro? Inzinguzingo zingahe kumunsi, kumwaka? Umwanya wawe ni uwuhe? Nihe bije yawe, yaba igishoro nigikorwa? Gusa nyuma yo gushushanya ibyo bipimo ugomba gutangira gusuzuma ibisubizo byihariye.
Icyemezo cy'umutekano gifite akamaro. Shakisha sisitemu zapimwe kubipimo mpuzamahanga - IEC, UL, UN isabwa gutwara abantu. Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirinda umuriro ntabwo ari ubushake; ni ameza. Sisitemu eshatu - urwego rwo gutahura, guhagarika, no kubika byerekana imyitozo myiza yubu.
Imiyoboro ya serivisi nayo ifite akamaro. Ahari ibirenze ibyo abantu babimenya.
Sisitemu ya bateri yashyizwe ahantu hitaruye nibyiza gusa nkubufasha bwayo. Utanga isoko ashobora kubona ibice nabatekinisiye kurubuga rwawe mugihe gikwiye? Bafite ibigo byita ku karere cyangwa bohereza ibintu byose hanze? Ibi bibazo byunvikana kugeza igihe ureba inverter yananiwe ibyumweru bitatu kugirango utegereze umusimbura.
Kwishyira hamwe
Gucomeka - na - gukina byumvikana neza mubikoresho byo kwamamaza. Ukuri ni akajagari. Ndetse na sisitemu yabanjirije, igizwe na kontineri isaba urubuga - injeniyeri yihariye: urufatiro, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, kugenzura sisitemu yo kugenzura. Kwiyitirira uruganda bifasha - bigabanya igihe cyo gutangira - ariko umuntu aracyakeneye ko ibintu byose bikorera hamwe kurubuga rwawe.
Imiyoboro - sisitemu ihujwe yongereho urundi rwego. Ibisabwa bifasha guhuza ibikorwa biratandukanye kububasha. Uturere tumwe na tumwe dusaba gride yihariye - gushiraho cyangwa grid - ubushobozi bukurikira. Kurwanya - kurinda birwa. Ibisobanuro byimbaraga zimbaraga. Kuyobora ibi bisabwa bisaba ubuhanga cyangwa umubano mwiza hamwe na injeniyeri yingirakamaro.
Kureba imbere
Imiterere yikoranabuhanga ikomeje guhinduka. Sodium - bateri za ion zigaragara nkabashobora guhangana - nta mbogamizi zitangwa na lithium, birashoboka ko igiciro gito, nubwo ubwinshi bwingufu bukiri inyuma. Batteri zikomeye - zitanga amasezerano y’umutekano n’ingufu nyinshi, ariko gukora ku rugero biracyoroshye. Sisitemu yo kubika imbaraga zikoresha uburemere bunini hamwe n’amabuye yataye amabuye yumvikana hafi ya stampunk, nyamara imishinga myinshi yubucuruzi iratera imbere.
Ububiko bwa hydrogène bukurura ishoramari nimpaka zingana zingana. Gukoresha amashanyarazi arenze urugero kugirango ubyare hydrogène ukoresheje electrolysis, uyibike, hanyuma usubire mumashanyarazi ukoresheje selile zitanga ibihe byububiko - ubushobozi bwububiko bwibihe ntakindi gishobora guhura. Uruzinduko - igihano cyurugendo rurakomeye - ahari 30 - 40% muri rusange-ariko kubisabwa bimwe, birashobora kuba amahitamo yonyine.
Nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyorohereza icyemezo, neza. Ariko gusobanukirwa ubucuruzi - offs byibuze bigufasha guhitamo neza aho gukeka. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rigeze aharindimuka. Sisitemu yasaga na futuristic mumyaka icumi ishize ubu yerekanwe mubucuruzi. Ikibazo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba ububiko bwumvikana - kubisabwa byinshi, bigenda bikora - ariko ni ubuhe buryo buhuye nibihe byihariye.
Igisubizo, kibabaje, biterwa rwose nubuzima bwawe. Ariko wari usanzwe ubizi, sibyo?