Ibisobanuro bya lithium - ion bateri electrolyte?

◆Amashanyarazi yo mu mazi ni iki?

◆Intangiriro kuri Electrolytes ikomeye

Electrolyte, ikintu cyingirakamaro cyalitiro - bateri, ifite uruhare runini mumashanyarazi ya bateri - gusohora.

Ntabwo ishinzwe gusa gutwara neza ioni ya lithium no gutwara imiyoboro ya none, ahubwo ifite nuburyo bwo kubika ibyuma bya elegitoronike kugirango birinde neza itumanaho rya elegitoronike hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi. Mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo, electrolyte ni nk "" amaraso "imbere ya batiri ya lithium -, ituma habaho guhuza ibikoresho bya electrode nziza kandi mbi, bityo bikemerera iterambere ryuzuye ryamafaranga yose -.

Ikintu cyiza cya electrolyte ya batiri ya litiro - ion igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa bitanu bikurikira:

Hamwe na - byiyongera kubisabwa ingufu za bateri nubucucike bwamashanyarazi, tekinoroji ya batiri iratera imbere byihuse, kandi ibikoresho bya electrode byateye imbere cyane. Ibinyuranye, iterambere rya sisitemu ya electrolyte ryasigaye inyuma. Kugeza ubu, iterambere rya lithium - ion ya batiri electrolytite irashobora gushyirwa mubice bitatu: non - amazi ya elegitoronike yo mu mazi, electrolytite yo mu mazi, hamwe na electrolytite ikomeye -.

Non - amazi ya elegitoronike ya electrolyte

 

Non - amazi ya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike muri litiro - bateri ya ion yerekeza kuri sisitemu ya electrolyte idafite amazi, ahanini igizwe na solge, solute (ubusanzwe umunyu wa lithium), ninyongera. Ibi bidafite - byamazi yo mumazi mubisanzwe ni ibishishwa kama, aho kuba amazi yo mumazi, kugirango birinde electrolysis yamazi cyangwa ingaruka mbi hamwe nibikoresho bya electrode. Umunyu wa Litiyumu nuwambere wogutwara lithium - ion, ibishishwa bikora nko gusesa, gutatanya, no gushyigikira imyunyu ya lithium, ninyongeramusaruro ahanini zikora kunoza imikorere yamashanyarazi cyangwa umutekano wa batiri ya lithium - ion.

Ubucuruzi buboneka kuri electrolytike (ni ukuvuga, electrolytike yamazi) ikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium - ion igizwe ahanini numunyu wa lithium cyangwa nyinshi ushonga mumashanyarazi abiri cyangwa menshi; electrolytite igizwe numuti umwe ni gake cyane. Impamvu yo gukoresha ibishishwa byinshi nuko bateri nyayo - zifite bateri zitandukanye, ndetse zivuguruzanya, ibisabwa bigoye kuzuza ukoresheje igisubizo kimwe. Kurugero, electrolytite irashobora gusaba amazi menshi mugihe nayo ifite dielectric ihoraho; kubwibyo, ibishishwa bifite imiterere itandukanye ya fiziki ikoreshwa muburyo bukomatanyije, byerekana ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe. Byongeye kandi, imyunyu ya lithium muri rusange ntabwo ikoreshwa icyarimwe kuko guhitamo umunyu wa lithium ni bike, kandi ibyiza byabo ntibigaragara byoroshye.

Umuyoboro mwiza wibinyabuzima ugomba kuba ufite ibintu byingenzi bikurikira: Icya mbere, bakeneye dielectric ihoraho kugirango barebe neza imyunyu ya lithium; icya kabiri, bagomba kugira aho bashonga hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bagure ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya electrolyte; icya gatatu, ubukonje buke bufasha guteza imbere kwimuka neza kwa lithium ion hagati; hanyuma, amaherezo, ayo mashanyarazi agomba kuba ahendutse kandi afite uburozi buke (nibyiza ntabwo - uburozi). Ibikoresho bya karubone, nkimwe mumashanyarazi ya kera kandi akoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya lithium - ion ya batiri, ifata umwanya wingenzi mubijyanye na electrolytike ya batiri.

Kugeza ubu, ubu bwoko bwa solvent burimo uburyo bubiri bwuburyo: cycle nu munyururu. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ibipimo bifatika bifatika bikunze gukoreshwa bitari - amazi yo mu mazi, electrolytite, hamwe n’ibishishwa kama.

Kugeza ubu, alkyl karubone yumuti ikoreshwa cyane muri electrolytite. Iyi mashanyarazi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside kandi ikagaragaza ituze ryiza mugihe cya voltage nyinshi. Carbone ya cycle, nka karubone ya etilene na karubone ya propylene, izwiho kuba ihanitse cyane ya dielectric, bivuze ko ishobora gushonga umunyu wa lithium neza; icyakora, kubera imbaraga zikomeye za intermolecular, izo solts zifite ubukonje bwinshi, butinda kugenda kwa ioni ya lithium muri bo. Ibinyuranye na byo, karubone ya karubone, nka karubone ya dimethyl na diethyl karubone, nubwo ifite ubukonje buke, nayo ifite imbaraga nke za dielectric, bigatuma habaho gushonga nabi kumyunyu ya lithium. Kubwibyo, gutegura sisitemu yo gukemura hamwe na ionic conducivite isumba iyindi, ubwoko butandukanye bwumuti ukunze kuvangwa, nka PC + DEC cyangwa EC + DMC ikomatanya. Umunyu wa Litiyumu, nkisoko ya lithium ion muri electrolyte, igira uruhare runini mugutwara ion ion- ion ion mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora litiro -. Imikorere yabo igira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye bwa bateri ya lithium - ion, harimo ubwinshi bwingufu, ubwinshi bwingufu, ingufu za voltage ikora, ubuzima bwikiziga, numutekano. Kugeza ubu, mubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire no mubikorwa byinganda, imyunyu ya lithium hamwe na radiyo nini ya anionic hamwe na redox ituje iratoranijwe. Ukurikije imiterere yabyo, imyunyu ya lithium irashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri: imyunyu ngugu ya lithium nunyunyu ngugu. Imyunyu ngugu ya lithium itari mike yatunganijwe, harimo LiPF6, LiClO4, LIBF, na LIASF. Ibinyuranye, imyunyu ngugu ya lithium ikunze gukoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium - ion ikorwa hiyongereyeho electron - gukuramo amatsinda kuri anion yiyi myunyu ngugu ya lithium, nka lithium dioxalato - borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato - borate (iOD .

Inyongeramusaruro ni ibintu byongewe kuri electrolyte mubutumburuke buke (mubisanzwe ntibirenza 10% kubwinshi) bifite imikorere yihariye kandi birashobora kunoza cyane ibiranga amashanyarazi ya batiri. Ukurikije imikorere yabo, ibyo byongeweho birashobora gushyirwa mubice byinshi: firime - ikora inyongeramusaruro, izimya umuriro, ninyongera kugirango wirinde kwishyurwa birenze. Mubyongeyeho, hari inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mukuzamura ubworoherane, kunoza imikorere munsi yubushyuhe buke -, cyangwa kugenzura ingano yumubare hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa HF mubisubizo bya electrolyte.