Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zateye imbere (AES), muri rusange, bateri yahawe ubwonko. Nibyo birashoboka ko inzira yoroshye yo kubishyira. Ufata bateri - mubisanzwe lithium - ion muriyi minsi, nubwo atari buri gihe - uyihuza nubwengesisitemu yo gucunga ingufuibyo izi igihe cyo kwishyuza, igihe cyo gusezerera, nuburyo bwo gukora byombi udatakaje imbaraga cyangwa amafaranga. Igice "cyateye imbere" ntabwo rwose kijyanye na bateri ubwayo ari tekinoroji ya futuristic. Byerekeranye nubwenge buzengurutse.
Abantu benshi bahura nijambo iyo bareba ubucuruzi cyangwa inganda. Tekereza ibigo byubucuruzi, inganda zikora, ibigo byamakuru. Ahantu fagitire z'amashanyarazi zishobora kuba zitangaje kandi aho usaba amafaranga - ayo mafaranga ukurikije imikoreshereze yawe ya - irashobora kuba 30 kugeza 70% yikiguzi cyawe cyose. Ntabwo ari ikosa. Ibikoresho bimwe byishyura amafaranga menshi hejuru yiminota 15 kurenza ayo bakoresha amashanyarazi yose bakoresha.
Ni ukubera iki urusaku rwo kogosha?
Hano niho AES yinjiza rwose. Igitekerezo cyitwa kogosha impinga, kandi biroroshye cyane iyo umaze kubyumva.
Shushanya uruganda rukora neza umunsi wose. Noneho, saa mbiri za mugitondo, icyuma gikonjesha gitangira ibikoresho byinshi, imirongo itatu itanga umusaruro icyarimwe, hanyuma imashini yikawa yo mucyumba ikariramo inyundo. Ahari iminota makumyabiri, ikibanza kirimo gushushanya imbaraga nkaho ejo. Iyo spike - iyo spike ngufi, ihenze - nicyo utanga ibikoresho mukubara amafaranga asabwa ukwezi kose.
AES yicaye aho, ireba. Iyo ibonye ko ibyifuzo bigiye kwiyongera kurenza urugero rwateganijwe, itangira gucecekesha kugaburira ingufu zabitswe mumashanyarazi yinyubako. Urusobe rubona igishushanyo, gihamye. Igishishwa "kogosha". Ikigo gikiza ibihumbi. Nta muntu n'umwe wabonye ikintu cyabaye.
Porogaramu ikoresha sisitemu imaze kubona ubuhanga budasanzwe. Abagenzuzi ba kijyambere ba AES bakoresha algorithms zo guhanura - rimwe na rimwe kwiga imashini nyayo - kugirango bategereze ibisabwa mbere yuko bibaho. Biga imiterere yinyubako. Bazi ko kuwa kabiri nyuma ya saa sita ziremereye kurusha vendredi. Barabaze iteganyagihe. Sisitemu zimwe zivuga kugabanya icyifuzo cya 30% cyangwa kirenga, nubwo mileage yawe izahinduka bitewe numwirondoro wawe.
Umuyoboro wihuse wa DC
Aha niho ibintu bigushimisha cyane kubantu bose mubucuruzi bwibikorwa remezo.
Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta nimbaraga - inyamaswa zashonje. Imashanyarazi imwe imwe ya kilowati 350, ikora neza, irashobora gushimangira ibikorwa remezo bya gride muburyo inyubako ntoya y'ibiro itigera. Shyira icumi muri zo kuri sitasiyo yishyuza umuhanda kandi urareba icyifuzo gishobora guhangana ninganda nto. Imiyoboro akenshi ntabwo iba yiteguye kubyo, cyane cyane mucyaro cyangwa igice cya - icyaro aho ibikorwa remezo byari bihwanye na sitasiyo ya lisansi na resitora, ntabwo megawatt - yapakurura amashanyarazi.
Kwishyiriraho AES kurubuga rwo kwishyuza bitanga intego ebyiri. Basibanganya ingaruka za gride - kugirango borohereze ibyo byifuzo byurugomo mugihe ibinyabiziga byinshi byacometse icyarimwe - kandi bagabanya amafaranga asabwa ubundi bigatuma kwishyurwa byihuse mubukungu bidashoboka. Bamwe mubakora bavuga ko igabanuka ryibiciro 70% cyangwa birenga nyuma yo kongera ububiko bwa batiri. Ngiyo itandukaniro hagati ya sitasiyo yishyuza yunguka nimwe imena amafaranga.
Hariho kandi ikibazo gifatika cyigihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Kubona imiyoboro ihagije ya enterineti kurubuga rwo hejuru - amashanyarazi yumuriro birashobora gufata imyaka. Imyaka!Kubika Baterireka abashinzwe gufungura imbuga byihuse, ukoresheje ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bihari ubundi bidahagije.
Chimie ya Bateri: Abakekwa bisanzwe
Litiyumu - ion yiganje ku isoko rya AES, kandi ntabwo yegeranye cyane. Ikoranabuhanga ryatijwe kwizerwa n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’abaguzi b’amashanyarazi, aho byagaragaye mu myaka mirongo. Ubucucike bukabije. Ubuzima burebure burigihe - sisitemu zimwe zisezeranya imyaka 20 yumurimo wingenzi. Ibisubizo byihuse byapimwe muri milisegonda, ntabwo amasegonda.
Ariko lithium - ion ntabwo idafite imizigo.
Guhunga ubushyuhe bikomeje guhangayikishwa nukuri. Iyo lithium - ingirabuzimafatizo zishyushye - haba mu gukora inenge, kwangirika kwumubiri, cyangwa guhohoterwa - barashobora kwinjira ubwabo - bikomeza kwitwara bigoye guhagarika. Inkongi y'umuriro ya Moss Landing muri Kaliforuniya yagaragaye cyane mu ntangiriro za 2025, ubwo bateri 300 MW yatwaraga cyane - yangiritse kandi ihatira kwimura abaturage bagera ku 1.500. Ibi bintu ntibisanzwe, ariko ntibisanzwe kuburyo umuntu wese atanyurwa.
Chimie ya Lithium fer fosifate (LFP) yagaragaye nkuburyo bwizewe mumuryango wa lithium - ion. Icyuma cya fosifate - imiyoboro ya oxyde irahagaze neza kuruta cobalt - okiside ya okiside muri lithium gakondo - ion. Mugihe kirenze urugero cyangwa guhangayika kumubiri, selile LFP ikomeza imiterere yayo aho izindi chimisties zishobora gutangira kurekura ubushyuhe mumurongo. Ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka bwa LFP bwicara hafi dogere 270, ugereranije na dogere 210 kuri bateri ya nikel manganese cobalt (NMC). Itandukaniro rifite akamaro.
Ariko hano hari inkinko itavuzwe bihagije: ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko bateri ya LFP itanga umuriro mwinshi - kurusha bateri ya NMC mugihe habaye ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Gazi irashya cyane. Mugihe rero LFP idakunze kwinjira mubushyuhe bwumuriro ubanza, niba ibikora, ingaruka ntizishobora kuba nziza nkuko ibikoresho byo kwamamaza byerekana. Biragoye.
Bateri zitemba: Umukino muremure
Batteri ya Redadium redox itwara niche idasanzwe yaba ejo hazaza ho kubika grid cyangwa iteka ryose - yiruka, ukurikije uwo ubajije.
Ikoranabuhanga ribika ingufu muri electrolytite y'amazi ifashe mu bigega byo hanze. Urashaka ubushobozi bwinshi? Ongeramo ibigega binini. Imbaraga nimbaraga zigabanijwe rwose, nibyiza muburyo bwa injeniyeri. Electrolyte ntabwo itesha agaciro uburyo lithium - ion electrode ikora - bateri zitemba za vanadium zishobora kuzunguruka ubuziraherezo. Bamwe mubakora inganda bavuga 20, 000+ kuzenguruka kwimbitse nta bushobozi bufite bwo gushira. Electrolyte irashobora no gukoreshwa muri sisitemu nshya nyuma yimyaka 25 ikora.
Bateri nini cyane ku isi batwara batiri - 175 MW hamwe na 700 MWh yo kubika - yaje kuri interineti i Ushi mu Bushinwa, mu mpera za 2024. Amasaha ane yo kumara. Grid - ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ubwoko bwo kwishyiriraho butuma lithium-ion ishyigikira ubwoba buke.
None se kuki abantu bose batabikoresha?
Ubwinshi bw'ingufu ni umwicanyi. Batteri zitemba ni nyinshi. Bakeneye imitungo itimukanwa kuri ibyo bigega bya electrolyte. Kuri porogaramu zigendanwa cyangwa umwanya - imbogamizi zubatswe mumijyi, mubyukuri ntabwo ari - itangira. Igiciro cyambere cyo hejuru kiri hejuru ya lithium - ion, nubwo abayishyigikiye bavuga ko igiciro cya nyirubwite mumyaka 25 gishyigikira vanadium. Kandi - iki nigice kibi - hafi ya zose nini - zoherejwe zibera mubushinwa. Inganda zo muburengerazuba zirahari, ariko ntabwo zipiganwa kurwego rumwe. Ntabwo aribyo.
Ubwonko Inyuma ya Bateri
A sisitemu yo gucunga bateri(BMS) nicyo gitandukanya umutungo wabitswe ningufu zishobora kugenzurwa. Ikurikirana voltage, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe kuri buri selile iri muri paki - rimwe na rimwe kugiti cye, rimwe na rimwe mumatsinda yitwa modules. Iragereranya uko yishyurwa (bateri yuzuye?) Nuburyo bwubuzima (ubushobozi buke bwaragabanutse mugihe?). Irinda kwishyuza birenze urugero. Ikemura kuringaniza ingirabuzimafatizo, ni ngombwa kuruta uko abantu benshi babibona.
Igihe kirenze, selile ziri mubikoresho byose bya batiri biratandukana. Ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe zisaza vuba kurusha izindi. Bamwe bafite imyigaragambyo itandukanye imbere muruganda. Utabigizemo uruhare, selile zifite intege nke zigabanya ubushobozi bwose bwakoreshwa. Sisitemu yo kuringaniza igabanya amafaranga hagati ya selile. Sisitemu yo kuringaniza pasiporo yamennye amafaranga arenze ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye kugeza ibintu byose bingana. Nta buryo na bumwe bwuzuye. Byombi biruta ubusa.
Imicungire yubushyuhe nubundi buryo bukomeye bwa BMS. Litiyumu - bateri yion ikabije. Ubukonje bukabije, na chimie itinda gukurura; mubihe bikomeye, kwishyuza selile ikonje birashobora kwangiza burundu. Birashyushye cyane, kandi wihutisha gutesha agaciro - cyangwa bibi. BMS ihuza sisitemu yo gukonjesha (umwuka cyangwa amazi), ubushyuhe, hamwe na sisitemu yagutse yo gucunga inyubako kugirango ubushyuhe bugume mumadirishya ikora neza.
Ibyo AES idakora
Birakwiye ko dusobanuka neza aho ubushobozi bugarukira.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zambere ntizongera amafaranga yo gushimangira muri gahunda nyinshi zo kugarura. Nibiciro byujuje ibisabwa - urashobora kubishyira mu ngengo yimishinga yawe - ariko kubara gushimangira mubisanzwe ntabwo bitaye niba wongeyeho ububiko cyangwa utaribyo. Urubanza rwamafaranga kuri AES rugomba kwihagararaho rwonyine: kugabanya amafaranga asabwa, igihe - ya - koresha ubukemurampaka, kugarura agaciro k'ingufu, wenda kwitabira amasoko ya serivise ya gride niba ufite ubuhanga buhagije bwo gukina uwo mukino.
AES nayo ntizakemura ibibazo byibikorwa remezo. Niba serivisi yawe yamashanyarazi idahagije mubyukuri, bateri zirashobora kugura umwanya - ariko ntabwo zisimburwa burundu kugirango uzamure ibikorwa byiza. Ihanagura impinga; ntibarema ubushobozi kubusa.
Kandi nta sisitemu ya batiri ibungabunga - kubuntu, nubwo ibyo kwamamaza bimwe bisaba. Igenzura rya buri mwaka. Ibihe bya software bigezweho. Amaherezo - ya - gusimbuza ubuzima. Umutwaro wa O&M uroroshye kuruta moteri ya mazutu, rwose, ariko ntabwo ari zeru.
Ibitekerezo bike
Isoko rya AES rigenda ryihuta kuburyo ikintu cyose cyanditswe uyumunsi gishobora kumva itariki mumyaka ibiri. Sodium - bateriyeri zirimo zinjira mubiganiro nka lithium ubundi idashingiye kuri cobalt cyangwa, neza, lithium. Batteri zikomeye - za leta zisezeranya ingufu nyinshi kandi bikagabanya ingaruka z’umuriro, nubwo ibibazo by’inganda byatumaga "imyaka mike" idacuruzwa. Ibyuma - bateri zo mu kirere zitanga ubushobozi bwa ultra - ndende - kubika igihe kirekire ku rutare - igiciro cyo hasi - niba zishobora kubona ubuzima bwikurikiranya.
Kuri ubu, nubwo, niba umuntu abajije sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zateye imbere icyo aricyo, igisubizo cyukuri ni: bateri yubwenge. Ubusanzwe lithium. Rimwe na rimwe gutemba - bishingiye. Buri gihe uhujwe na software igerageza guhitamo igihe cyo kwishyuza, igihe cyo gusohora, nuburyo bwo gukora ubukungu. Ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ari amarozi - ni amashanyarazi gusa, chimie, hamwe no kubara byinshi - ariko kubisabwa neza, birashobora kubyumva.