Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango wishyure ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV)? Igitabo Cyuzuye

Niba ubajijeBifata igihe kingana iki kugirango wishyure EV?, igisubizo nyacyo ni uko gihindagurika. Ikiringo ntigisanzwe; bazunguruka hagatiIminota 20 no hejuru yamasaha 70+bishingiye ku biganiro bigoye byimpinduka. Ntabwo ucomeka gusa umugozi - urimo ucunga imikoranire aho ibicuruzwa byinjira, ibisenge byuma byuma, ndetse na "mood" yikirere igena igihe cyawe cyo gutegereza.

Aka gatabo gasimbuka imipira isanzwe ya ballpark. Turimo kwibira cyane muburyo bwa tekinike, nkukuntu OBC yawe igabanya umuvuduko nuburyo gufata ubukonje bishobora gutesha gahunda yawe. Intego yacu iroroshye: kuguha imibare yo guhanura igihe cyagenwe nukuri.

Urwego rwo Kwishyuza Urwego hamwe nigihe gisanzwe cyo kwishyuza

Tangira nurwego rwo kwishyuza. Niba ushaka gusobanukirwa igihe bisaba kwishyuza EV kwisi, iyi niyo fondasiyo.

Urwego 1 Kwishyuza (1.4–1.9kW): Igihe cyo Kwishyuza Urugo

Urwego 1ikoresha ibipimo byawe120Vurugo. Nuburyo bwihuse buboneka. Uzigame ibi kubigenewe byihutirwa cyangwa niba utwaye ibirometero bike kumunsi. Ni 'trickle' yishyurwa neza.

• Umuvuduko wo Kwishyuza: hafiIbirometero 3-5 (5-8 km)intera ku isaha muri EV nyinshi zitwara abagenzi, ukurikije imikorere yimodoka.
• Igihe cyose: hafiAmasaha 40 kugeza 70+ amasahakubwishyu bwuzuye, bitewe nubunini bwa bateri.
• Ibyiza Kuri: hasi - abashoferi ba mileage bashobora kuva mumodoka yacometse ijoro ryose igihe kirekire.

HereHariho ikiguzi cyihishe kurwego rwa 1 kwishyuza: kudakora neza. Kuberako kwishyurwa bifata igihe kinini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka birangira kurya imbaraga zimwe. Urimo kwishyura cyane kugirango amatara yinjire muri sisitemu yikinyabiziga amasaha arangiye. Amahitamo yihuse nibyiza cyane kwirinda iyi myanda.

Urwego rwa 2 Kwishyuza(7kW - 22kW): Murugo hamwe nakazi ka EV Igihe cyo Kwishyuza

Urwego rwa 2 kwishyuza (7kW - 22kW)ikora kuri 208 / 240V. Uzabisanga hafi ya hose - amazu, biro, hamwe na garage. Ikubita "ahantu heza" kuri ba nyirayo benshi. Birihuta cyane kugirango ukomeze kugenda burimunsi nta bigoye - ibikoresho byihuta.

• Umuvuduko wo Kwishyuza: mubirometero 20-60 (32-100 km) intera kumasaha.
• Igihe cyose: amasaha agera kuri 4 kugeza kuri 12 kuri EV nyinshi.
• Ibyiza Kuri: ijoro ryose kwishyuza urugo, kwishyuza aho ukorera, hamwe nibinyabiziga biguma bihagaze kumasaha menshi.

DC Kwishyuza Byihuse(60kW - 900kW): Ibisanzwe rusange Byihuta Kwishyuza

DC Kwishyuza Byihuse (DCFC)ni kugenda - to ingendo zo mumuhanda kandi ziremereye - akazi ka flet. Irasimbuka imodoka imbere. Mugaburira Direct Direct (DC) igororotse kuri selile ya bateri, igera kumuvuduko kwishyuza AC bidashobora gukoraho.

• Byihuta (60kW - 360kW): Inkingi y'ibikorwa remezo by'imihanda. Mubisanzwe ikora "0 - kugeza kuri 80% sprint" muminota 20 kugeza 60. Nibigenda kuri logisti hubs hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bukeneye kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe.
• Ibikurikira - Gen Ultra - Byihuse (480kW - 900kW): Amaraso ava mubuhanga. Iyi sitasiyo ifite intego yo kubaka imodoka ya 800V hamwe namakamyo aremereye -, iyi sitasiyo irashobora gutanga umunsi wose muminota 10-15.

Aho Uzabisanga: Ahanini kumihanda minini, mumijyi yihuta - hubs, hamwe ninganda zisaba ingufu - voltage eshatu - ingufu zicyiciro.

Ukeneye kugereranya byihuse? Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irayimenagura. Twashushanyijeho imbaraga zisanzwe zingana, gutegereza, nuburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha buri rwego.

Gucomeka mumashanyarazi yihuta kwisi ntabwo bivuze ko uzabona umuvuduko wo hejuru. Gusobanukirwaigihe kingana iki kugirango yishyure EVni intambwe yambere gusa - ingamba zo kwishyuza nicyo kigena imikorere nyayo -.

1. Ubushobozi bwa Bateri: "Igiteranyo" na "Ikoreshwa"

Ibintu byose bitangirana naubushobozi bwa batiri, ibyo dupima muri kilowati. Nibintu bitaziguye kumasaha yawe yo kwishyuza. Mu magambo yoroshye? Ubushobozi bwinshi bungana nigihe cyo kwishyuza. Bateri ntoya niyuzura byihuse; kinini kinini ni marato.

Imibare y'udutabo irashobora kuyobya gato. Ingano ya bateri yose ntabwo buri gihe aricyo ubona cyo gukoresha. Imashini nyinshi za EV zashyize kuruhande "net net" umutekano kugirango bateri igire ubuzima bwiza mumyaka. Ibi bivuze ko ubushobozi bwawe bukoreshwa buri gihe buri munsi kurenza urwego rwemewe. Fata bateri ya 82kWh - ushobora kuba ufite 77kWh gusa yumutobe nyirizina. Kumashanyarazi asanzwe ya 7kW, icyo cyuho cyabuze ni isaha yinyongera yigihe cyawe.

2. Leta ishinzwe (SoC): Impinduka zidasanzwe

Bitandukanye na peteroli, bateri ya EV ntabwo yuzura kumuvuduko uhamye. IbirihoLeta ishinzwe (SoC)itegeka neza imbaraga ishobora gukoresha mugihe runaka.

Imashini nyinshi za EV zigera kumuvuduko mwinshi mugihe bateri iba irimo ubusa, ariko uzabona igabanuka rikabije - umaze gukubita 80%. Ntabwo ari akajagari - ni kugenda nkana. Sisitemu yimodoka itera imbaraga zo gucunga ubushyuhe bwiyongera no kurinda selile kwangirika kwigihe kirekire -. Ibi birasobanura impamvu 20% yanyuma ishobora gufata igihe kirekire nka 80% yambere.

3. Imbaraga zo Kwishyuza (kW): Itegeko rya "Intege nke"

Amashanyarazi ashobora kwirata umubare munini, ariko ibyo ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru. Umuvuduko wawe nyawo ugarukira kubintu bibiri: ibisohoka bya charger hamwe nigisenge cyimodoka. Bitekerezeho nk'umuyoboro. Pompe nini ntishobora gufasha mugihe "umuyoboro" wimodoka ari nto cyane kuburyo idashobora kugenda.

Kumashanyarazi ya AC, ibinyabiziga biri kuri - charger yubuyobozi (OBC) akenshi ni icyuho. Kurugero, niba EV ishobora kwemera gusa kwishyurwa 7kW AC, iracyishyuza 7kW niyo yaba yacometse mumashanyarazi ya 22kW. Igitekerezo kimwe kireba DC kwishyuza byihuse. Amashanyarazi arashobora gupimwa kuri 150kW cyangwa 250kW, ariko ikinyabiziga kizatwara gusa imbaraga sisitemu ya batiri yagenewe kwakira.

4. Igihano cyibidukikije: Ubushyuhe nkigwiza neza

Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumuvuduko wo kwishyuza. Batteri ya EV muri rusange yishyuza neza iyo iri mubushyuhe buringaniye, akenshi hafiImpamyabumenyi 20-30 (68 - 86 dogere F).

Ku munsi wubukonje, bateri ikora gahoro kandi igomba gushyuha mbere yuko ikora vuba. Ubushyuhe bukabije ni bubi. Sisitemu izasubiza inyuma nkana umuvuduko kugirango bateri idateka ubwayo. Niyo mpamvu ushobora kubona umurabyo - kwishyurwa byihuse umunsi umwe no gutinda buhoro bukeye, ndetse no kuri sitasiyo imwe.

Imashini zimwe na zimwe za EV zikoresha bateri ibanziriza kuzana paki hafi yubushyuhe bwiza mbere yuko kwishyurwa bitangira.

Nigute Wabara Igihe cyo Kwishyuza

Urashobora gukoresha ashingirokubona umupira wumupira wo kwishyuza AC. Nibyiza kubitegura neza. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyari igereranyo gusa, kubera ko umuvuduko wo kwishyuza ushobora gutandukana nuburyo bwo kwishyuza, ubushyuhe bwa bateri, hamwe n’imipaka yo kwishyuza.

Kugira ngo ukoreshe iyi formula neza, ugomba kumva icyo buri gaciro kigereranya muburyo nyabwo - imiterere yisi:

• Ubushobozi bwa Bateri:Ibi bivuga Ubushobozi bukoreshwa (urugero, 77kWh), ntabwo ingano yumubiri yose (urugero, 82kWh), kuko imodoka ifite ububiko bwumutekano kugirango irinde ubuzima bwakagari.
• Ubushobozi busigaye:Ingufu zubu zisigaye muri bateri yawe (urugero, niba uri kuri 10%, ubushobozi bwawe busigaye ni 7.7kWh).
• Imbaraga zo Kwishyuza:Ibisohoka ntarengwa bya sitasiyo (urugero, 22kW wallbox).
• Igipimo cyo Kwakira Amafaranga:Umubare munini imodoka yawe irashobora gukora. Kwishyuza AC, iyi ni Kuri - Amashanyarazi (OBC).

Kuki kwishyuza EV bitinda nyuma ya 80%?

A kwishyuza - formulaire yigiheiguha ikigereranyo, ariko kwishyuza EV ntabwo ari umurongo. Muri EV nyinshi, kwishyuza byihuse kurwego rwo hasi cyangwa rwagati rwo kwishyuza, hanyuma bigatinda kugaragara iyo bateri igeze kuri 80%.

Kwishyuza bihinduka mu kindi cyiciro

Litiyumu nyinshi - bateri ya ion yishyuza mubyiciro bibiri:

• CC (Ibihe bihoraho):Ubusanzwe bikubiyemo10% kugeza 80%intera. Muri iki cyiciro, bateri "ifite inyota" kandi irashobora gutwara imbaraga nyinshi kandi zihamye.
• CV (Umuvuduko uhoraho):Mugihe wambutse80%imbago, umukino urahinduka.

Ihinduka nimpamvu nyamukuru yo kwishyuza umuvuduko utangira gukanda hafi yimpera yo hejuru.

BMS niyo igenzura umuvuduko

Iyo bateri yegereye yuzuye, ubwonko bwimodoka - theSisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS)- ifata. Igumana voltage. Mugihe cyo guhamagara buhoro buhoro, icunga ubushyuhe kandi ikingira selile. Imodoka ahanini itanga umuvuduko kurangiza kugirango ikize ubuzima bwa bateri.

Gutinda rero ni nkana. Nibice bisanzwe byo kurinda bateri, ntabwo ari amakosa ya charger.

Kuki umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane nyuma ya 80%

Imbaraga zo kwishyuza ziterwa na voltage nubu:Imbaraga=Umuvuduko × Ibiriho

Mu cyiciro cya CV, voltage ifashwe neza, ariko ikigezweho gitangira kugwa. Ibiriho bimaze kugabanuka, imbaraga zo kwishyuza ziragabanuka hamwe nayo. Niyo mpamvu 20% byanyuma mubisanzwe bifata igihe kinini kuruta igice cyambere cyamasomo.

Kuri EV nyinshi, 10% kugeza 80% nigihe kinini - byihuse - idirishya. Kwishyuza kuva 80% kugeza 100% biracyashoboka, ariko mubisanzwe biratinda cyane kuko BMS ikoresha nkana ingufu nkuko bateri yegereje kwishyurwa ryuzuye.

Inama zifatika zo Kugwiza Amashanyarazi

Hano hari uburyo butatu bwo kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza bitari ngombwa.

1. Itegereze 10-80% "Ahantu heza."

Nkuko bigaragara muri tweKwishyuza umurongoisesengura, muri EV nyinshi, umuvuduko wo kwishyurwa utangira kugenda gahoro bigaragara nyuma ya 80% kuko bateri yinjira mugice cyanyuma cyo kwishyuza. Kuguma muri uru rwego birashobora kugufasha guta igihe no kugabanya imihangayiko ya bateri idakenewe mugihe cyo kwishyuza bisanzwe.

2. Kugenda hamwe na Pre - itondekanya

Ubushyuhe nigikorwa kinini cyo kwishyuza. Batteri ifite "ahantu heza" hafiImpamyabumenyi 20-30 (68 - 86 dogere F). Iyo ikonje, ibintu byose biratinda. Mubyukuri, ibizamini bimwe byerekana ko ushobora gutakaza 30% yubushobozi bwawe mugihe cyitumba. Niyo mpamvu pre - conditioning ari ngombwa. Bishyushya bateri mbere yuko ucomeka, bityo ntugume utegereje imbeho.

3. Hitamo Amashanyarazi akwiye kubikoresho byawe

Gukora neza ni ukuboko kwamashanyarazi. Niba imodoka yaweKuri - Ushinzwe Ubuyobozi (OBC)igarukira kuri 11kW, sitasiyo ya 22kW ntabwo itanga amafaranga - inyungu yihuta. Mu myitozo, ukoresheje ibikoresho bihuye bikurikiza ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye no kwishyuza - kandi, aho bibaye ngombwa, OEM - ibyuma bisabwa - birashobora kugabanya kugabanya ibibazo byitumanaho cyangwa ibibazo byakwirindwa.

Noneho,bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango wishyure EV?Igisubizo nyacyo giterwa nurwego rwo kwishyuza, ingano ya bateri, imipaka yingufu, ubushyuhe, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza - ariko hamwe nibikorwa remezo bikwiye, igihe cyo kwishyuza kirashobora kuba cyiza cyane kuruta uko abashoferi benshi babitekereza.

Amato yubucuruzi ninganda zinganda, Polinovel ihindura ibyo bintu bya tekinike muburyo bworoshye bwo gukora. Kuvaibikoresho byo kubika ingufu zigendanwakubutaka bwa peteroli kugirango BESS ikoreshwe kububiko bwa flet, turashiraho sisitemu yo hejuru - sisitemu yo gukora neza yagenewe kwagura ROI yawe.

Witeguye kunoza ibikorwa remezo? [TwandikirePolinovel'Tekiniki ya Tekinike] uyumunsi kugirango isuzumabumenyi ryumwuga.

Ibibazo Byerekeye Igihe cyo Kwishyuza