Kubika ingufu z'amashanyaraziahanini ikubiyemo kubika ingufu za supercapacitor no kubika ingufu zidasanzwe. Iyambere ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi, mugihe iyanyuma ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza byingenzi mubucucike bwubuzima nubuzima bwikizunguruka, birashobora kugabanya ingaruka zumuriro wamashanyarazi ako kanya, guhagarika imbaraga nke - zinyeganyega zumuriro muri gride, kandi bikanoza voltage nibiranga inshuro.
Kubika ingufu za supercapacitor
Supercapacitor, izwi kandi nka capacitori ya electrochemic, nibikoresho bibika ingufu zibika ingufu binyuze mukwirundanya kwishyurwa hejuru ya electrode. Uburyo bwabo bwo kubika ingufu butandukanye na bateri gakondo; babika ingufu binyuze mumashanyarazi yashizweho nuburyo bubiri kuri electrode - interineti ya electrolyte. Imashini zidasanzwe zifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane, ultra {{3} life ubuzima burebure bwigihe kirekire, hamwe nubushobozi bwihuse - ubushobozi bwo gusohora, bityo ugasanga gukoreshwa cyane mumodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gufata feri nshya, kugarura amashanyarazi, no kugenzura imirongo ya gride. Nyamara, ubwinshi bwingufu za supercapacitori ni nkeya, munsi cyane ugereranije na bateri ya lithium - ion, bigatuma ikoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba igihe gito -, hejuru -. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe niterambere mu bumenyi bwa siyansi, ubwinshi bw’ingufu za supercapacator ziteganijwe kurushaho kwiyongera, bityo bikagura ibikorwa byabo ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu.
Supercapacitor irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bitatu: amashanyarazi abiri - ubushobozi bwa layer, capacitori ya Faraday, hamwe na super super capacator. Amashanyarazi abiri - capacator yububiko ikoresha ibikoresho bya karubone nka electrode, aho gutandukanya kwishyurwa biboneka kumurongo ukomeye - wamazi wakozwe no guhura na electrolyte, bigatuma amashanyarazi abiri -. Izi capacator zikorerwa kumubiri adsorption hamwe na desorption mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Nubwo amashanyarazi akubye kabiri - capacator zifite imbaraga zingana nubuzima burebure, ingufu zazo ni nke. Kugeza ubu, ibyo bikoresho byageze kubikorwa byubucuruzi.
Imashini ya Faraday ikoresha ibyuma bya okiside cyangwa polymers ikora nkibikoresho bya electrode, aho ubushobozi bwa adsorption bukorwa binyuze muri reaction ya redox hejuru no mubice bito byibyo bikoresho. Ihame ryimikorere ryubu bwoko bwa capacitor risa nuburyo bwo kwitwara muri bateri; hatanzwe ubuso busa bwa electrode, irashobora gutanga inshuro nyinshi ubushobozi bwumuriro wikubye kabiri - capacitor. Nyamara, ukurikije imbaraga ziranga imbaraga mukanya ako kanya - gusohora nubuzima bwikizunguruka, ubushobozi bwa Faraday ntibukora neza nkamashanyarazi abiri -. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwa Faraday nabwo buhura ningorane nkigiciro kinini cyo gukora hamwe nikoranabuhanga ritarakura neza.
Hybrid supercapacitor irazwi cyane kubera ingufu nyinshi kandi igihe kirekire. Nubwo kuri ubu mubyiciro byambere byubucuruzi, bafite amahirwe menshi yiterambere ryigihe kizaza.
Kubika ingufu zidasanzwe
Kubika ingufu zidasanzwe ni tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu za electromagnetic ikoresha imbaraga zidasanzwe kugirango ibike ingufu z'amashanyarazi mukurwanya - leta yubuntu. Ihame ryakazi ryayo ririmo kubyara ingufu za rukuruzi zinyuze mumashanyarazi ataziguye mumashanyarazi, bityo bikabika ingufu, kandi bikayirekura binyuze mumashanyarazi mugihe bikenewe. Kuberako amashanyarazi adashobora guhangana nubushyuhe buke, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zidasanzwe zirashobora kugera kumuriro mwinshi cyane no gusohora neza nta gutakaza ingufu. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, kubika ingufu zidasanzwe zifite ibihe byihuse byo gusubiza, kugera ku kwishyurwa no gusohora muri milisegonda, bigatuma bikwiranye n’umuvuduko wa voltage ako kanya no kugenzura inshuro nyinshi muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi. Nyamara, ikiguzi cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zidasanzwe ni kinini, ahanini kigarukira ku iterambere ryibikoresho birenze urugero hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukonjesha. Kubwibyo, ibyifuzo byubu byibanda cyane mubice byihariye bisaba imbaraga - imbaraga, igihe gito - kubika ingufu zigihe gito, nka gride ituje nibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe birenze urugero harimo - ubushyuhe bukabije nka Nb - Ti na Nb3Sn, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - nka Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) na Bismuth Strontium Kalisiyumu Umuringa Oxide (BSCCO). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru {5}