Nashakishagakubika ingufuigihe gito, kandi mubyukuri? Ibintu byose byari urujijo kugeza igihe natsitaye kuri sisitemu ya Hybrid. Dore amasezerano - twagerageje gukemura ububiko bwingufu hamwe nigisubizo kimwe munzira ndende cyane, kandi ntabwo ikora nkuko tubikeneye.
Ikibazo Ntamuntu Uvuga
Batare irashobora gufata ingufu muminsi. Birakomeye. Ariko mugihe ukeneye guturika gutunguranye - nkigihe imirasire yizuba ihagaritse kubyara kandi AC yawe igatangira icyarimwe - iyo bateri imwe irwana. Ntabwo yagenewe ibyo. Hagati aho, supercapacator zirashobora guta ingufu muri milisegonda, ariko zisohora ingufu vuba kuruta icyuma gifata amazi.
Ndibuka ko nasomye ibijyanye niyi SMES (superconducting magnetic power storage) yashyizwe hamwe na banki isanzwe ya batiri, maze ntekereza nti "tegereza, kuki umuntu atigeze abikora mbere?" Hindura, bafite. Gusa ntabwo abantu bahagije barimo kwitondera.
Uburyo bwa Hybrid buravuga ahanini: kuki utakoresha byombi? Reka bateri ikore ibyo bateri ikora neza - kubika ingufu ndende - manda. Reka supercapacitor ikore imbaraga zumusazi. Byumvikane neza iyo ubivuze hejuru, sibyo?
Iyo Tekinoroji ebyiri Mubyukuri Twumvikane Hamwe
Hano rero niho bigenda bishimishije. Igitekerezo cyose cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Hybrid ntabwo ari ugukubita inshyi ebyiri zitandukanye zo kubika hamwe no guhamagara umunsi. Hano hari ibitekerezo byubuhanga byukuri inyuma, nubwo kubishyira mubikorwa ari byiza rwose kuruta ibindi.
Fata SMES / ikomatanya. Igice kirenze urugero gifite imbaraga zubusazi - turavuga ibihe byo gusubiza byapimwe muri milisegonda. Ariko bihenze kandi ntabwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi kubunini bwayo. Batteri? Ikibazo gihabanye rwose. Mubihuze, kandi ufite ikintu gishobora gukemura ihindagurika rya voltage ngufi hamwe nigihe kirekire - itanga ingufu. Nabonye ibicuruzwa biva muri sisitemu imwe yerekanaga ko bishobora kugabanya ibiciro byishoramari hafi 30% ugereranije no kugenzura ubwoko bumwe bwo kubika. Ayo ni amafaranga nyayo.
Flywheels ihujwe na bateri nubundi buryo bwo guhuza mbona bushimishije, birashoboka ko kubijyanye nubukanishi binshimishije kuruta amashanyarazi meza. Isazi ikora neza - ihindagurika ryingufu zumurongo - tekereza sub - ibintu bya kabiri - mugihe bateri ikora ibintu bitandukanye, bitinda. Imiyoboro ya gride ikunda iyi mikorere.
Igice gifite akamaro (kubantu benshi)
Dore ibyo nibwira ko byazimiye mubipapuro byose bya tekiniki hamwe na whitepapers: ingufu zisubirwamo ntacyo zimaze niba tudashobora kubika neza. Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu iyo izuba rirashe. Indorerezi itangaje, ndabizi. Ariko ukeneye amashanyarazi nijoro, kandi umuyaga ntuhuha kuri gahunda ibereye gahunda yawe yo kurya.
Sisitemu yateguwe neza irashobora guhindura uburyo dufata kandi tukarekura izo mbaraga. Iyo izuba ryagabanutse gitunguranye kubera ko igicu cyarenze (cyangwa kubera ko, urabizi, izuba rirenze byabaye), igice cya supercapacitor gitangira ako kanya mugihe bateri yazamutse. Ibi birinda voltage kugabanuka kandi igakomeza amatara yawe nta guhindagurika.
Ububiko bwo mu kirere bwifunitse (CAES) hamwe na supercapacator nabwo ni ishyamba, nubwo nzemera ko ntarwoherejwe cyane. CAES ibika ingufu mukugabanya umwuka muburyo bwubuvumo cyangwa ibigega. Nubukanishi, biratangaje, kandi iyo ubihuje na supercaps kugirango bisubizwe byihuse ... mubyukuri bikora neza kugirango grid stabilisation. Nubwo gushakisha geologiya ikwiye nini - igipimo CAES ninzozi zayo.
Nukuri - Ubutumwa bwisi
Nkeneye kuvuga ikintu kitagikora mubiganiro byinshi bya tekiniki: sisitemu ziragoye gucunga. Mubyukuri biragoye. Ukeneye sisitemu yo kugenzura ihanitse kugirango uhitemo ibice byububiko bikemura imitwaro muriki gihe. Wibeshye, kandi urimo guta amafaranga nibikorwa neza.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu - reka tuyite EMS kuko ibyo ni bigufi - igomba gukurikirana ingufu zikenewe mugihe nyacyo - kandi igabanya imitwaro uko bikwiye. Imbaraga nyinshi, igihe gito? Binyuze kuri supercapacitor cyangwa flawheel. Umutwaro urambye? Batteri irabikora. Byumvikane neza. Ntabwo aribyo.
Hariho kandi iki kintu aho tekinoroji zitandukanye zo kubika zifite uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro. Litiyumu - bateri yion yanga gusohoka rwose. Supercapacitor irashobora gukoresha amamiriyoni yinzinguzingo ariko igatakaza ubushobozi buhoro. Sisitemu yawe yo kugenzura ikeneye kubara kuriyi, kuringaniza imikorere uyumunsi kuramba ejo. Ninkaho ... urashobora kwiruka ahantu hose ugashira amavi, cyangwa kwihuta. EMS igomba gufata icyo cyemezo inshuro ibihumbi kumunsi.
Kuki ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byitaho (Ahari Kurenza Ibyo Utekereza)
EV zirimo gukemura ahanini ikibazo kimwe tubona mububiko bwa gride, gusa gipimo gito na mobile. Ushaka intera - ikenera bateri nyinshi. Ariko urashaka kandi kwihuta no gufata feri nshya ishobora gukuramo imbaraga nyinshi vuba. Ubwoko bumwe bwa bateri ntibushobora gukora byombi muburyo bwiza.
Bamwe mu bakora uruganda rwa EV barimo kugerageza kubika Hybride - ipaki nini - ipaki ya ion kugirango igere ku ntera, yunganirwa na supercapacator kugirango amashanyarazi aturike. Supercaps ifata imbaraga zo gufata feri zisubirwamo zabura ubundi (kubera ko bateri zidashobora kwishyuza byihuse), kandi zitanga umugeri winyongera kugirango wihute utiriwe ushimangira ipaki yingenzi.
Ese bituma EV zihendutse? Oya. Mubyukuri bituma bihenze imbere. Ariko kwangirika kwa bateri gutinda cyane, niki mugihe cyimyaka 10 yo kubaho ... birashoboka? Imibare iracyaganirwaho.
Igenzura ryukuri
Reka tuvuge amafaranga kuko kwigira ikiguzi ntacyo bitwaye ni ibicucu. Sisitemu ya Hybrid ihenze muburyo bwambere. Urimo kugura tekinoroji ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zo kubika aho kuba imwe, wongeyeho sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango uyicunge. Muri Ositaraliya, barimo gushyiraho ibizaba binini cyane DC - hamwe na sisitemu ya batiri ya Hybrid mu isoko ry’amashanyarazi. Igipimo ni kinini - gihagije kugirango amashanyarazi 120.000.
Ubwoko bwimishinga yumvikana mubukungu kubera igipimo nagaciro ka serivise zihamye. Kubamo? Biragoye cyane kubyemeza keretse niba wiyemeje koko cyangwa ufite ibyo ukeneye byiringirwa. Nubwo nkeka ko izi mpinduka uko ibiciro bigabanuka kandi ibiciro by amashanyarazi bizamuka.
Kuzigama kubikorwa biva mubikoresho byagutse ubuzima no gukora neza. Niba bateri yawe idafite inyundo nubushakashatsi bwihuse - gusohora, bimara igihe kirekire. Niba supercapacitor yawe ikoresha amashanyarazi yagenewe aho kugerageza gutanga ububiko bwigihe kirekire - (byaba ari ibicucu), sisitemu yose ikora neza. Ariko ugomba kubikora igihe kirekire kugirango usubize iyo premium yambere.
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki bifite akamaro
Ubucucike bwimbaraga nubucucike bwingufu nubucuruzi bwibanze butuma sisitemu ya Hybrid ikora. Tekereza ubwinshi bwimbaraga nkuburyo ushobora kwihuta kubona ingufu zabitswe - zapimwe muri watts kuri kilo. Ubwinshi bwingufu nuburyo imbaraga zose ushobora kubika - zapimwe muri watt - kumasaha.
Supercapacitori: Ubucucike bukabije (10, 000+ W / kg), ingufu nke (~ 5 Wh / kg). Ni abasiganwa.
Litiyumu - bateri ya ion: Hagati - ingufu nyinshi (~ 300-500 W / kg), ingufu nyinshi (~ 250 Wh / kg). Ni abiruka muri marato.
Ukeneye ubwoko bwabakinnyi bombi mumakipe yawe, bitewe nubwoko.
Kwigenga - igipimo cyo gusohora nacyo gifite akamaro. Batteri ifata ibyumweru cyangwa ukwezi. Supercapacitor isohora ingufu vuba - uzatakaza ijanisha rinini kumunsi niba udahujwe numutwaro. Iyi niyo mpamvu utakoresha supercapacitori igihe kirekire - imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma, nubwo abantu bamwe kumurongo basa nabayobewe kuriyi ngingo.
Ingamba zo Kugenzura
Nibyiza, iki gice gishobora kubona tekiniki, ariko ni ubwoko bwingenzi. Ingamba zo kugenzura zerekana uburyo imbaraga zitembera hagati yububiko butandukanye, umutwaro, ninkomoko yimbaraga (gride cyangwa ibishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa ikindi icyo aricyo cyose).
Kogosha impinga nuburyo bumwe {{0} system sisitemu ya Hybrid yoroshya ingufu zisabwa kugirango ingufu nyamukuru zibone umutwaro uhoraho. Igice kinini - ibikoresho byo kubika imbaraga bikurura impinga, hejuru - igice cyingufu gikora ibyingenzi. Ibi nini cyane muburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe kuko bituma umuyaga nizuba bisa nkibisanzwe amashanyarazi yoherezwa kuri gride.
Hasi - kunyura muyunguruzi nubundi buryo. Hejuru - imbaraga zumurongo utandukanye (impinduka zihuse) uhindurwe kububasha - ububiko bwuzuye. Hasi - inshuro zitandukanye (guhinduka gahoro) jya mububiko - ububiko bwuzuye. Nibiharuro byiza, nubwo kubishyira mubikorwa bishobora kugorana.
Sisitemu zimwe zikoresha algorithms ziteganijwe zishingiye kumiterere yimitwaro yamateka. Niba sisitemu izi ikigo cyawe mubisanzwe gifite ingufu za buri munsi saa mbiri za mugitondo, irashobora kubanza - imbaraga zumwanya mububiko bukwiye. Kora cyane kugeza igihe imikoreshereze yawe ihindutse kandi algorithm iratungurwa muburyo butari bwo.
Aho Turi Ubu
Tekinoroji irakuze bihagije kuburyo ibice binini byumvikana mubikorwa byihariye. Serivise ya gride, ibikoresho byinganda bisaba ingufu zisabwa, nini - igipimo gishobora kuvugururwa - ibi byagaragaye ko byakoreshejwe. Porogaramu ya GEMS ya Wärtsilä hamwe nuburyo bwo gucunga ingufu zimaze kuba indashyikirwa mu gukoresha tekinoroji yo kubika byinshi.
Gitoya - igipimo cyo guturamo kiracyashakisha ikirenge cyabo. Ubukungu ntabwo bukora neza kubantu benshi, nubwo ababyakira kare nabantu bafite imiyoboro ya gride itizewe barabashiraho. Ibiciro bya bateri bikomeza kugabanuka, bifasha, ariko sisitemu yo kugenzura hamwe nubushakashatsi bugoye bituma igiciro cyose kiri hejuru.
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashoboka ko tuzabona ubutaha bwo guhanga udushya. Uburemere n'umwanya bigabanya imbaraga zishushanyije neza, kandi umusaruro mwinshi ushobora kugabanya ibiciro. Ibikora muri EV amaherezo bizatemba kugeza kumurongo uhagaze.
Ikibazo Cyiza
Tugarutse rero kubibazo byumwimerere: sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Hybrid irashobora guhindura imikorere?
Yego. Ariko ntabwo ari rusange, ntabwo byikora, kandi ntabwo buri gihe mubukungu.
Iriba - ryateguwe rya sisitemu ya Hybrid hamwe nubugenzuzi bukwiye irashobora kugera kumurongo - ingendo zingendo za 85 - 90% cyangwa nziza - ugereranije cyangwa zirenze ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga rimwe. Icy'ingenzi cyane, irashobora gukemura neza imikorere yimikorere neza. Ibyo guhinduka akenshi bifite agaciro kuruta gukora neza.
Inyungu zunguka ziva mugukoresha buri tekinoroji yububiko muburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Batteri ntishobora gukomwa nigare ryihuta. Supercapacitor ntizicara ubusa keretse mugihe cy'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yose ikora neza, bivuze ubushyuhe buke, kugabanuka gake, hamwe nigihe kirekire - mikorere.
Ariko - kandi ibi ni ngombwa - sisitemu ya Hybrid yateguwe nabi irashobora rwose gukora neza kuruta iriba rimwe - tekinoroji yo guhunika. Niba igenzura rya algorithm yawe irwana, niba udahuye nubunini bwibigize, niba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yawe bitangiza igihombo gikabije ... wakoresheje amafaranga menshi kugirango ubone imikorere mibi.
Ibikenewe Mubyukuri
Inganda zikeneye ubuziranenge. Kuri ubu, buri sisitemu ya Hybrid ni bimwe na bimwe bespoke - gakondo - byakozwe muburyo bwihariye. Nibyiza kuri grid - igipimo cyapimwe hamwe nitsinda ryaba injeniyeri, ariko birinda kwaguka kwagutse. Dukeneye ibishushanyo mbonera, binini bishobora koherezwa tutiriwe dusubiramo uruziga igihe cyose.
Kugabanya ibiciro, biragaragara. Supercapacitor ziracyahenze kuri watt - isaha yo kubika, nubwo tubakeneye gusa kubwimbaraga zabo. Igipimo cyo gukora cyafasha hano. Ubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji ya supercapacitor (graphene - ibishushanyo mbonera bisa nkibyiringiro ariko biracyari muri laboratoire).
Kugenzura neza algorithms zishobora guhuza nimpinduka zabantu batabigizemo uruhare. Kwiga imashini birashobora kuba ingirakamaro hano, bitandukanye na progaramu nyinshi aho ari impuha gusa. Sisitemu yiga uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha kandi igahuza neza birashobora kunoza imikorere cyane kuri gahunda ihamye.
Kandi tuvugishije ukuri? Uburezi bwiza. Abashinzwe amashanyarazi benshi nabashiraho ntibumva neza sisitemu yo kubika Hybrid. Abaguzi benshi ntibabikora. Kugeza ubwo sisitemu ya Hybrid imenyerewe nka "backup backup" mubitekerezo rusange, kwakirwa bizakomeza kugarukira kubahanga nabakunzi.
Indorerezi Zisanzwe
Nkomeje gutekereza uburyo twageze hano - tugerageza gukemura ububiko bwingufu hamwe nigisubizo kimwe mumyaka mirongo, kandi vuba aha twakiriye uburyo bwa Hybrid murwego. Birasa nuburyo twimutse tuvuye muri - intangiriro tujya kuri - intungamubiri yibanze iyo dukubise imipaka yo gupima inshuro. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo ntabwo gikora ikintu kimwe neza, ni ugukoresha ibintu byinshi hamwe mubwenge.
DC yose - guhuza inzira izuba - wongeyeho - ububiko bujyanye nibi. Aho guhindura imirasire y'izuba kuri AC hanyuma ugasubira muri DC kubika bateri (isesagura ingufu muburyo bwombi), guhuza DC - guhuza ibintu byose muri DC kugeza bikeneye kujya kuri gride ya AC. Kugabanya igihombo kumanota menshi. Nubu bwoko bwa sisitemu - urwego rwiza rutuma ibivangavanga bifite agaciro.
Twabibutsa kandi: ibibazo byo gucunga ubushyuhe muri sisitemu ya Hybrid ntabwo ari - bidafite akamaro. Batteri itanga ubushyuhe mugihe ikora. Supercapacator zitanga ubushyuhe. Flywheels itanga ubushyuhe buturutse ku guterana amagambo. Gapakira byose hamwe, kandi ukeneye gukonja cyane. Nabonye ibyashizweho aho sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikuramo imbaraga zihagije kugirango ugabanye imikorere muri rusange. Ikintu cyo gusuzuma.
Igice kizaza (gisabwa ariko gikekwa)
Bateri zikomeye - bateri za leta zishobora guhindura umukino rwose. Niba tubonye bateri zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi Nimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubuzima burebure ... birashoboka sisitemu ya Hybrid iba idakenewe. Cyangwa birashoboka ko bahinduka cyane, bagahuza bikomeye - bateri za leta hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kugirango bakore neza. Biragoye kubivuga.
Ububiko bwa hydrogen bwihishe inyuma. Sisitemu zimwe za Hybrid zirimo gushakisha ingufu - kugeza - guhinduranya gaze igihe kirekire - kubika igihe (ibyumweru cyangwa ukwezi), bigahuzwa na bateri hamwe na supercapacitori mugihe gito - gikenewe. Biragoye kandi bifite igihombo cyiza, ariko mubyukuri kubika ibihe, birashobora kuba inzira yonyine igaragara mubipimo.
Imiyoboro ubwayo ihinduka sisitemu yingufu - ntabwo ari ububiko gusa, ahubwo ni ibisekuruza, kohereza, gukwirakwiza, byose bikorana hamwe no kongera ubuhanga. Ikinyabiziga - kugeza - guhuza urusobe byongera urundi rwego. Amaherezo, birashoboka ko tureka gutekereza kuri "sisitemu" zidasanzwe hanyuma tugatangira gutekereza kubidukikije byuzuye ingufu.
Ariko birashoboka ko njya imbere yanjye. Kuri ubu, turacyashakisha uburyo bwo guhuza bateri kwizerwa na supercapacator idafite sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite gushonga.
Umwanzuro
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zikora. Batezimbere imikorere muburyo bumwe - ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga bidashobora guhura. Ikoranabuhanga ryaragaragaye, inyungu nukuri, kandi nibisabwa biriyongera.
Niba byumvikana mubihe runaka biterwa nibisabwa tekiniki, ibintu byubukungu, kandi mubyukuri nukuntu witeguye guhangana nabyo. Kuri gride - igipimo gishobora kuvugururwa hamwe ninganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, ziragenda zihinduka amahitamo asanzwe. Kubucuruzi bwo guturamo nubucuruzi buto, ntabwo turahari rwose.
Ubushishozi bwibanze - buhuza ikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya ritanga ibisubizo byiza kuruta kugerageza gutunganya igisubizo kimwe - bisa nkaho bigaragara. Ibitekerezo byiza byinshi birakora. Ikibazo ubu ni ugukora sisitemu ya Hybrid ihendutse, yoroshye, kandi iroroshye kuboneka kugirango bashobore gutanga inyungu zabo cyane.
Niba kandi utekereza gushiraho imwe, vugana numuntu wumva neza electronics power na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu. Ntabwo ari umucuruzi gusa. Ibi bintu biragoye, kandi kubyumva nabi bihenze.