Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zifite ibikoresho bipakira bateri, inverter, imicungire yumuriro, nibikoresho byumutekano mubikoresho bisanzwe byoherezwa (mubisanzwe 20ft cyangwa 40ft). Sisitemu iboneye iterwa nibintu bitatu: imbaraga zawe zikenewe (zapimwe muri kilowati cyangwa MWh), ibisabwa byo kumara igihe (2-8+ amasaha), hamwe nubwoko bwa porogaramu (kogosha impinga yubucuruzi, guhuza imbaraga, cyangwa imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma). Sisitemu iri hagati ya 300 kWh kubikoresho bito byubucuruzi kugeza 8 MWh iboneza kubikorwa byingirakamaro - imishinga minini, hamwe nigiciro kiri hagati ya $ 400-800 kuri kilowati bitewe nibisobanuro hamwe nurwego rwo kwishyira hamwe.
Gusobanukirwa Ibipimo bya sisitemu
Guhuza ingano ya kontineri kubisabwa ingufu bitangirana no kubara ibyo ukeneye aho kugura ukurikije ibitekerezo. Isoko ryo kubika ingufu za kontineri ryageze kuri miliyari 9.33 z'amadolari mu 2024 kandi rikomeza kwaguka kuri 20.9% buri mwaka, nyamara kohereza byinshi birananirana kubera ubunini budakwiye.
Ubushobozi bwingufu bugena umubare w'amashanyarazi sisitemu ibika, bipimye muri kilowatt - amasaha (kWh) cyangwa megawatt - amasaha (MWh). Sisitemu ya 1 MWh ibika ingufu zihagije zo guha ingufu amazu agera kuri 300 mugihe cyisaha imwe. Igipimo cyingufu, gipimwa muri kilowatts (kW) cyangwa megawatt (MW), cyerekana uburyo izo mbaraga zishobora gusohoka vuba.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe-20inzu 300 kWh kugeza 1 MWh yububiko. Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za kontineri bikwiranye nibikorwa bito byubucuruzi buciriritse, amashanyarazi ya EV, kandi bigatanga imishinga ishobora kuvugururwa. Ibice bigezweho bya 20ft bigera ku mbaraga zingana na 541 kWh / m² mugukata ibishushanyo mbonera - nka sisitemu ya 8 MWh ya Envision yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2024. Icyakora, ibikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi bikoresha ibice 500-750 kWh hamwe na sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi 250-300.
Ibirometero 40yakira 1 - 3.5 MWh, ikorera inganda nini zinganda, insimburangingo zingirakamaro, hamwe nimirima ishobora kuvugururwa. Uburebure bwiyongereye butuma bateri nyinshi ziyongera hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Sisitemu ya Tianheng ya CATL ipakira 6.25 MWh mu kintu gisanzwe cya 40ft, ikongerera ingufu ingufu kuri buri gace ku kigero cya 30% ugereranije na 2023.
Uburyo bwa buri munsi bwo gukoresha ingufu bugaragaza niba ukeneye sisitemu imwe yo kubika ingufu cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi. Uruganda rukora rutwara 2000 kWh mu masaha yo hejuru (2 - 7 PM) mugihe rutanga 1.500 kWh ziva kumirasire yizuba risaba ububiko kugirango rwuzuze icyuho cya 500 kWh wongeyeho gutanga ubushobozi bwa buffer. Hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwibisohoka (mubisanzwe 80 - 90% kuri sisitemu ya lithium-ion), iki kigo gikenera hafi 625-700 kWh yubushobozi bwizina bukwiranye na kontineri imwe ya 20ft.
Imbaraga zingirakamaro zisaba kugora kubara. Niba icyo kigo kimwe gikora imashini ziremereye zisaba 400 kW ako kanya, sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu igomba gukora uyu mutwaro utitaye kubushobozi bwingufu zose. Sisitemu yagereranijwe kuri 250 kW ntishobora kuba ihagije hamwe nububiko buhagije bwa kWh, bisaba ko haba - imbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa sisitemu ibangikanye.
Ubunini bufite akamaro kuruta ubushobozi bwambere bwo gukura ibikorwa. Sisitemu yububiko bwa moderi yemerera kohereza icyiciro - guhera kumurongo umwe wa 20ft no kongeramo ibikoresho nkuko ingufu zikenera kwaguka. Imirasire y'izuba ya Californiya ikunze gutangirana na kontineri 2 MWh kandi ikagera kuri MWh 10 wongeyeho ibice bitarenze amezi 18, nkuko amakuru yoherejwe 2023 abitangaza. Ubu buryo bugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe mbere yo gukomeza kuzamura imiterere.
Imbogamizi zumwanya zigira uruhare muguhitamo ibikoresho bititaye kubikenewe byingufu. Imbuga zubucuruzi zo mumijyi zifite ibirenge bigarukira ku nyungu ndende - ubucucike bwa 40ft nubwo ibice 20ft byuzuza ibisabwa. Igikoresho kimwe cya 2.5 MWh / 40ft gifite umwanya muto kandi gisaba ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi byoroshye kuruta ibice bine 625 kWh / 20ft bitanga ububiko bungana.
Gusohora Igihe no Guhuza Porogaramu
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zitanga intego zitandukanye ukurikije igihe zishobora gukomeza ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Igihe cyo gusohora igihe cyashizeho muburyo bwa sisitemu nubukungu.
Igihe gito (Amasaha 2-4)Sisitemu nziza cyane mugutondekanya inshuro no gusubiza byihuse. Izi porogaramu zisaba kwishyurwa byihuse / gusohora amagare - rimwe na rimwe inshuro magana kumunsi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zamasaha 2 zifite ingufu za MW 1 zibika ingufu za MW 2, zisohora amasaha arenze abiri mumashanyarazi yuzuye. Abakoresha amashanyarazi bakoresha ibyo kugirango bashyigikire voltage hamwe na stabilisation ya stabilisation, aho igihe cyo gusubiza gifite akamaro kuruta imbaraga zose.
Igice cya 1.000 - 5.000 kWh cyigice cyafashe igice kinini cyisoko muri 2024, gitwarwa niki kibanza cyiza hagati yikiguzi ningirakamaro. Ibikoresho byubucuruzi bikoresha sisitemu yamasaha 2-4 kugirango igabanuke kwishyurwa, ibike ingufu za gride mugihe kitari cyiza ($ 0.08 / kWt) no gusohora mugihe cya Windows ($ 0.25 / kWh). Ikigo cya Texas cyashyizeho kontineri ya MWh 1 mu masaha 72 mugihe cy'impeshyi 2024, irinda guhagarara byatwara miliyoni.
Ikiringo giciriritse (Amasaha 4-8)bikwiranye ningufu zishobora kongera igihe - guhinduranya no kwagura imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma. Imirasire y'izuba muri Californiya ibika ibisigisigi bya sasita nyuma yo gukenerwa nimugoroba, bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusohora amasaha 6 - 8. Sisitemu ya {
Guhitamo bateri ya chimie ihinduka hamwe nibisabwa igihe. Batteri ya Lisiyumu ya fosifate (LFP) yiganje amasaha 4 - 8 amasaha 8 bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho kwa 6.000-15,000. Ingirabuzimafatizo za CATL zigezweho zigera ku 15.000 hamwe nubuzima bwa sisitemu yimyaka 25, bigabanya igiciro cyo kubika ku kigero cya 25% ugereranije n’ikoranabuhanga rya 2023. Bateri zitemba zitanga inyungu zirenze amasaha 8 ariko zigatwara imbere-aho kwambukiranya bisanzwe bibaho mugihe cyamasaha 10 yo kumara.
Igihe kirekire (8+ Amasaha)sisitemu ishyigikira microgrids zirwa hamwe na - umunsi ushobora koroha. Ibikorwa byubucukuzi bwa kure muri Australiya yo hanze yohereza ibikoresho 2 MWh byo gusohora amasaha 12, bikomeza ibikorwa mumasaha ya nijoro nta mazutu yabitswe. Ibi bikoresho bisaba sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri (BMS) kugirango wirinde kwangirika imburagihe biturutse kumurongo mwinshi.
Icyakabiri - ubuzima Bateri ya EV igaragara mugihe kirekire - igihe cyo gusaba. Redwood Materials yatangaje mu mpera za 2024 ko bateri zasubiwemo zishobora guhangana nubukungu na lithium nshya - ion mu gihe cy 8+, nubwo ibiciro bya elegitoroniki bikomeza kuba ingirakamaro. Isosiyete isaba ibiciro byashyizweho munsi ya sisitemu nshya mubuzima bwose mugihe harimo gusimbuza paki.
Uruzinduko - imikorere yingendo igabanuka gato hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gusohora bitewe nigihombo cyumuriro hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo guhindura. Sisitemu ya 2 - igera kuri 92 - 94%, mugihe sisitemu yamasaha 8 itanga 89-91%. Iri tandukaniro rya 3-4% ryuzuzanya ryibihumbi n'ibihumbi, bigira ingaruka mubukungu bwigihe kirekire. Uruganda rukora amagare buri munsi mumyaka itanu rutakaza hafi MWh 150 zingufu zikoreshwa bivuye kuri kiriya cyuho cyingana na $ 30.000-45.000 kubiciro bisanzwe byamashanyarazi.
Gucunga ubushyuhe biba ingenzi kubisohoka byongerewe. Ibikoresho bikora muri dogere -20 kugeza kuri dogere 45 ibidukikije bikenera sisitemu ikomeye ya HVAC ikoresha 3-8% yingufu zose zinjira. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi mubikoresho bya premium bigabanya iyi hejuru kugeza kuri 2-4% mugihe wongereye igihe cya bateri ukomeza ubushyuhe bwa dogere 20-30.
Urwego rwo Kwishyira hamwe Urwego
Sisitemu zirimo ibintu bitatu byuzuzanya, buri kimwe gikemura ubushobozi bwa tekinike nigihe cyumushinga.
Ibisubizo by'ibanzetanga imiterere ya kontineri hamwe na bateri idafite sisitemu yuzuye. Igikonoshwa kireka abafite ubunararibonye bahitamo ibice byatoranijwe - bateri ziva mubucuruzi bumwe, inverter ziva mubindi, hamwe na software ya BMS yihariye. Uruzitiro rwa 20ft rufite rack rugura amadolari 15,000-30.000, bisaba abaguzi gushakisha bateri ($ 200,000-400,000 kuri 1 MWh LFP), PCS ($ 50-80,000), kuzimya umuriro ($ 30.000-50.000), no gucunga amashyuza ($ 40,000-70,000).
Ubu buryo bukwiranye nabaterankunga bafite umubano ushingiye kubatanga no muri - ubuhanga bwa tekinike yinzu. Igihe cyo kwishyiriraho kigera kuri 8 - ibyumweru 16 harimo guhuza ibice, kugerageza, no gutangiza. Ihinduka ryemerera gukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha - nka inverter nini cyane ya porogaramu zikoresha ingufu nyinshi cyangwa gukonjesha kabuhariwe.
Semi - Sisitemu Yuzuyeshyiramo bateri, rake, gukonjesha, guhagarika umuriro, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwibanze, hasigara PCS na EMS kubaguzi. Igice cya TLS Ingufu - ibikoresho byuzuye bitanga sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri, ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro, kumurika imbere, hamwe na sisitemu yubutaka yiteguye kubakiriya - ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byatoranijwe. Iboneza iringaniza ibyoroshye hamwe no kwihindura, cyane cyane bifite agaciro iyo bihujwe nibikorwa remezo bihari.
Ibibazo byo guhuza bivuka hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye byabakora. Sisitemu ya batiri yubushinwa ihujwe na inverter yu Burayi hamwe na software igenzura abanyamerika irashobora kugira protocole itumanaho idahuye isaba porogaramu yihariye. Inzobere za komisiyo zisaba amadorari 150-250 ku isaha yo gukemura ibibazo, birashoboka ko hiyongeraho $ 20.000-40.000 $ kubiciro byumushinga.
Amacomeka Yuzuye Yuzuye - na - Sisitemu yo gukinashika hamwe nibice byose pre - byashizweho, byageragejwe, kandi byiteguye guhuza imiyoboro. GE Vernova's RESTORE DC Block na Quärum ya Wärtsilä irerekana ubu buryo - kuzuza AC byuzuye hamwe na bateri, inverter, BMS, EMS, gukonjesha, no kuzimya umuriro. Ibisubizo bya turnkey bigabanya kuri - urubuga rukora kuva ibyumweru kugeza kumunsi.
Kwishyiriraho kontineri yuzuye ya 1 MWh bisaba gusa guhuza AC, guhuza, no gutumanaho - mubisanzwe amasaha 48 - 96 hamwe nabakozi 4 -. Igihembo cyo korohereza gikoresha 15-25% hejuru ya sisitemu ihuriweho na kimwe cya kabiri, bifite ishingiro no kohereza byihuse hamwe na garanti yumucuruzi umwe.
GE Vernova yatangije muri Nzeri 2024 yashimangiye umutekano wa interineti muri sisitemu zuzuye, bikemura ibibazo bikomeje kwiyongera. Sisitemu yo kugenzura iburayi - yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo kurinda amakuru kuruta ubundi buryo bwo muri Aziya, bigira ingaruka ku byemezo byamasoko kubikorwa remezo bikomeye. Umushinga wo muri Tayiwani wahisemo Intensium ya Saft - Guhindura ibikoresho igice kubera "byakozwe - muri - Uburayi" ibyangombwa by’umutekano mucye.
Inzego za garanti ziratandukanye cyane murwego rwo kwishyira hamwe. Uruzitiro rwibanze rutwara ubwishingizi buke - imiterere ya kontineri gusa. Semi - sisitemu ihuriweho harimo garanti ya batiri (mubisanzwe imyaka 10 cyangwa 6000 cycle) ariko ukuyemo ibibazo byo guhuza ibice biva mubicuruzwa bitandukanye. Ibisubizo byuzuye byuzuye bitanga garanti yuzuye ikubiyemo sisitemu yose, nubwo ibisabwa bishobora kugorana urutoki - byerekana hagati yabatanga isoko.
Ibitekerezo byumutekano no kurinda umuriro
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro muri litiro - bateri ion zitera umutekano wambere mububiko bwa kontineri. Hagati ya 2017-2019, Koreya yepfo yahuye n’umuriro wa BESS 23 n’ibyangiritse birenga miliyoni 32. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zigezweho zirimo ibice byinshi byo kwirwanaho kugirango birinde kandi birimo ibyabaye.
Sisitemu yo kumenya umuriro ubu ikurikirana kuri selire - urwego rwa granularity aho gutondeka urwego -, ikamenya ibibazo mbere yo guhunga ubushyuhe. Multi - sensor array yerekana ubushyuhe budasanzwe (gutandukana kwa dogere 0,5), ibice byumwotsi, hamwe na - ibyuka bya gaze biranga selile zananiranye. Ikigo cya Victoria, Ositaraliya umuriro muri Kanama 2021 byasabye iminsi itatu kuzimya kubera ko abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bashoboraga gukonjesha gusa ibikoresho byo hanze - module ya toni 13 yaka imbere mu kintu gifunze cya metero 15.
Sisitemu yo guhagarika gaze isubiza mumasegonda yo gutahura. FM - 200 na Novec 1230 byimura vuba ogisijeni mubice bya batiri mugihe bisigaye bifite umutekano kubikoresho. Izi sisitemu zongeramo $ 30.000-50.000 kuri 20ft kontineri na $ 60.000-90,000 kugeza 40ft. Inkiko zimwe zitegeka sisitemu ebyiri-ihuza gazi n’amazi, bikongera ibiciro.
Imicungire yubushyuhe irinda umuriro neza kuruta sisitemu zo guhagarika zirimo. Gukonjesha kw'amazi bikomeza ubushyuhe bwa selile muri dogere 2 - 3 ugereranije na 8 - 10 dogere zitandukanye mu kirere - sisitemu ikonje. Ubu busobanuro bwongerera igihe cya bateri 25-40% mugihe ugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro butera kunanirwa. SVOLT ya 6.9 MWh yamashanyarazi ikonjesha ikoresha CTR yoroheje igabanya ibice 15% kandi ikabika umwanya wa 20% hamwe na sisitemu ya 5 MWh ikonje.
Guturika guturika birinda kontineri yububiko mugihe cyubushyuhe. Umuvuduko - paneli yubutabazi ifunguye kumupaka wagenwe (mubisanzwe 0.5-1.0 psi), guhumeka imyuka ishyushye hejuru cyangwa kuruhande kure yabakozi. Californiya y’umuriro isaba umuyaga ureba kure yinyubako n'imirongo yumutungo, bikabuza gushyira kontineri ahantu huzuye imijyi.
Akagari - urwego rwo guhuza birinda kunanirwa kwa casade kuruhande rwa bateri. Niba selile imwe yananiwe, fuse iyitandukanya na selile ituranye mbere yingufu zumuriro zikwirakwira. Igishushanyo mbonera cya filozofiya - gufata selile nkigiciro cyo kurinda sisitemu - itandukanye nuburyo bwakera bugerageza kurinda buri selile. Akagari kamwe katsinzwe muri kontineri ya selile 3.000 igura amadorari 80-150 yo gusimbuza igihombo gikomeye niba gutsindwa gukwirakwira.
Ibipimo byemeza bigora amasoko mpuzamahanga. Ikizamini cya UL 9540A (US) gisaba - igipimo cyuzuye cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe gikabije -. IEC 62933 (mpuzamahanga) na UN 38.3 (transport) bongeraho ibisabwa. Ibikoresho bifite ibyemezo bitatu byose bitwara premium ya 8 - 12% hejuru yimiterere imwe ariko byoroshya kohereza isi.
Abanditsi b'ubwishingizi bagenda basuzuma neza kurinda umuriro. Politiki y’ibikoresho bya BESS mu mijyi isanzwe ikubiyemo ibisabwa kuri: ikurikiranwa ry’umuriro, sisitemu zo guhagarika byikora, 24/7 kurebera kure, kugenzura amashusho y’igihembwe, hamwe n’intera ya 50 - yo gutandukanya ibirenge n'inzu zubatswe. Ibi bisabwa gutegeka neza sisitemu ihuriweho hamwe nibiranga umutekano bihebuje kurubuga rwagaciro.
Isesengura ryibiciro Hafi yubwoko bwa sisitemu
Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite kirenze ibyuma byambere kugirango bikubiyemo kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, ubwishingizi, no kurangiza. Sisitemu ya kontineri $ 500,000 irashobora gutwara miliyoni 800,000-1.1 $ yoherejwe neza kandi ikora mumyaka 10.
Amafaranga yakoreshejwe (CAPEX)kuri kontineri BESS iratandukanye cyane kubisobanuro. Litiyumu - ipaki ya batiri ya ion yagereranije $ 115 / kWt mu 2024, ikamanuka ikava ku $ 160 / kWt mu 2022. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za MW 1 MWh yakoresheje selile LFP ku madolari 130 / kWt igura amadorari 130.000 kuri bateri yonyine. Ongeramo PCS ($ 60,000-90,000), BMS ($ 25.000-40.000), gucunga amashyuza ($ 50-80,000 $), kuzimya umuriro ($ 35,000-55.000), hamwe nuburyo bwa kontineri ($ 40,000-60.000) kubiciro byose bigize $ 340.000-455.000.
Sisitemu yo guhuza no kugerageza wongereho 25 - 40% kubiciro byibikoresho bya sisitemu shingiro, 15 - 25% kuri kimwe cya kabiri -, hamwe na 10 - 15% kubice byo gucomeka no gukina. Ibice 450.000 byamadorari yaguzwe umunzani kugeza $ 585.000-630.000 yatanzwe kuri sisitemu ya turnkey-cyangwa $ 585-630 / kWh kubintu 1 MWh.
Amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho ashingiye cyane kumiterere yurubuga. Urusobekerane rworoshye - rwubatswe rwashizwe kumurongo wateguwe hamwe na serivisi ya AC isanzwe ikoresha $ 40,000-70,000 kubintu 20ft. Ibikoresho bigoye bisaba impinduka nshya, guhinduranya, gutobora, cyangwa gushimangira imiterere birashobora kurenga $ 150.000. Uruganda rukora inganda muri Louisiana rwakoresheje amadorari 210.000 mu bikorwa byo gukorera BESS $ 480.000 kubera ko ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi bishaje byakeneraga $ 140.000 mu kuzamura kugira ngo bikemure amashanyarazi.
Amafaranga yo gukoreshakwirundanya mubuzima bwa sisitemu. Imicungire yubushyuhe ikoresha 2-8% yingufu zose zikoreshwa bitewe nikirere hamwe nubuhanga bukonje. Sisitemu yo gutwara amagare 300 MWh buri mwaka mu kirere gishyushye itakaza MW 9-24 kuri HVAC, igura $ 1.800-4,800 kuri $ 0.20 / kWt.
Kubungabunga birinda sisitemu ya kontineri ikoresha $ 8,000 - 15,000 buri mwaka kuri sisitemu nto na $ 20.000 - 40,000 yo kwishyiriraho megawatt nyinshi. Buri gihembwe igenzura igenzura ihuza, amashusho yubushyuhe ahantu hashyushye, ibipimo byubuzima bwa bateri, hamwe nuburyo bukonje bwa sisitemu. Gukurikirana kure bigabanya ubugenzuzi bukenewe ariko ntibishobora gusimbuza imirimo yose kurubuga.
Ubwishingizi bwa gride - ihuza BESS igura 0.8 - 1.5% yagaciro ka sisitemu buri mwaka bitewe nubwiza bwo kurinda umuriro n’aho biherereye. Sisitemu 600,000 $ yishyura $ 4.800-9,000 / mwaka, yose hamwe 48.000-90,000 $ mumyaka icumi. Imishinga ifite umutekano muke hamwe no gukurikirana kure ibona ibiciro byiza-rimwe na rimwe 30-40% munsi ya politiki isanzwe.
Inzira yinjiragusiba ibiciro binyuze muburyo bwinshi. Kogosha cyane bigabanya amafaranga asabwa mubucuruzi, mubisanzwe uzigama $ 30.000-80,000 buri mwaka kuri sisitemu ya MW 1. Uruganda rukora muri Michigan rwagabanije icyifuzo cyavuye kuri MW 2,1 rugera kuri MW 1,4 ukoresheje kontineri 700 kWt / 2.8 MWh, igabanya ibiciro by’amashanyarazi buri mwaka $ 64,000-byageze ku myaka 4.2 yo kwishyura byoroshye.
Ingufu za kamarampaka zunguka kugura make no kugurisha hejuru. Ku masoko afite $ 0.15 / kWt itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yigihe cya - nigihe cyo hejuru, sisitemu yo gusiganwa ku magare iminsi 250 buri mwaka ku bujyakuzimu bwa 80% isohora amadorari 30.000 / yumwaka kuri 1 MWh (bivuze ko 90% bizenguruka - gukora neza). Ubukemurampaka hamwe no kugabanya amafaranga yishyurwa birashobora gutsindishiriza imyaka 3-5 yo kwishyura kumasoko meza.
Serivise yinyongera itangwa nabakoresha grid itanga amafaranga yinyongera. Amasezerano yo kugenzura inshuro yishyura $ 5 - 15 / kW-ukwezi kubushobozi bwo gusubiza. Sisitemu ya 1 MW / 2 MWh yanditswe ku isoko ryigenga rya PJM yinjiza $ 60.000-180,000 buri mwaka, nubwo ihindagurika ryinjira hamwe nibisabwa bisaba sisitemu yo kugenzura ihanitse.
Ibiciro byo gutesha agaciro bigabanya ubuzima bwiza bwa sisitemu kandi byongera amafaranga yo gusimburwa. Batteri ya LFP itesha agaciro 1.5 - 2,5% buri mwaka bitewe nuburemere bwamagare hamwe nubuziranenge bwo gucunga ubushyuhe. Sisitemu itangirira kuri 1.000 kWh ubushobozi bukoreshwa bugabanuka kugera kuri 850 kWh nyuma yimyaka icumi - kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza 15%. Gusimbuza bateri yo hagati (umwaka 7-10) igura $ 150,000-250.000 kuri sisitemu ya MWh 1, bigira ingaruka mubukungu bwubuzima.
Imiyoboro ya Gride hamwe nibisabwa guhuza
Guhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za kontineri kuri gride yingirakamaro bikubiyemo ibibazo bya tekiniki nubuyobozi bishobora kongera igihe cyamezi 6-18 kandi bikongerwaho $ 50.000-200,000.
Ubushakashatsi buhuza bwerekana niba ibikorwa remezo bya gride byaho bishobora kwakira amashanyarazi yerekanwa. Kugaburira kugabura kugenewe serivisi zo gutura zidafite icyerekezo hamwe nimbaraga zinyuranye ziva muri BESS. Ibikorwa bifasha ubushakashatsi bwingaruka za gride zitwara $ 10,000-40.000 $ kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za kontineri munsi ya MW 2 na $ 40,000-100, 000+ kubikoresho binini.
Kuzamura impinduka akenshi biva mubushakashatsi bwihuza. Inyubako yubucuruzi ifite 500 kVA ihinduranya imizigo isanzwe irashobora gukenera 1.000-1,500 kVA kugirango ishyigikire MW 1. Gusimbuza Transformer bigura $ 80.000-150.000 harimo ibikoresho, kwishyiriraho, hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa. Ibikoresho bimwe birinda aya mafranga mugabanya ibiciro bya BESS / gusohora, nubwo ibi bigabanya sisitemu yingirakamaro.
Ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi birinda BESS gutesha agaciro gride itajegajega. Akayunguruzo ka Harmonic ($ 15,000 - 40,000) gasukura inverter isohoka, mugihe ubushobozi bwo gukosora ibintu ($ 8,000 - 20.000) bugumana ingufu za gride. Ibikorwa bigenda byiyongera kubikorwa byimikorere inverter harimo na volt-VAR inkunga hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugendana inshuro nyinshi, bisaba moderi nziza ya PCS igura 20-30% kuruta ibice byibanze.
Ibihe byingirakamaro byingirakamaro biratandukanye cyane ahantu. Muri Texas, inzira zoroheje zemeza grid - sisitemu ihujwe munsi ya MW 2 muminsi 60-90. Californiya na New York mubisanzwe bisaba amezi 6-12 kugirango yemererwe ndetse no kuri sisitemu zoroheje kubera ibikorwa remezo bishaje nibisabwa bigoye. Abashoramari bashira ukutamenya neza gahunda yumushinga no guteganya inkunga.
Ibipimo bisabwa kugirango ingufu zombi zongerwe hiyongeraho $ 8,000 - 25.000 yo kwinjiza - ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa 0.2% byukuri cyangwa byiza. Porogaramu yo gupima net isaba metero zidasanzwe zikurikirana ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu buryo butandukanye, mu gihe uruhare rw’isoko rwinshi rusaba - igihe cyo gutanga telemeteri mugihe cyamasegonda 4. Ikigo cyitabira ingufu za ISO-NE hamwe nisoko rya serivisi ziyongera ryakoresheje $ 35,000 mugupima, itumanaho, hamwe na software ihuza isoko.
Kurinda ikirwa birinda BESS guha ingufu za gride mugihe cyo kubura ibikorwa, kurinda abakozi kumurongo. Kurwanya - kwizinga ($ 5,000-15,000) gutahura imiyoboro ya gride mumasegonda 2 hanyuma utandukanya BESS. Sisitemu itanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma ikenera guhinduranya byikora ($ 12,000-30,000) gutandukanya imitwaro ikomeye mugihe cyo kubura mugihe wirinda gride yihuta.
Guhuza kurinda byemeza ko BESS itabangamira ibikoresho bihari birenze. Ibikorwa bisaba kwiga amakosa yerekana ko BESS itazabuza kumena no guhuza gukora neza. Ubu bushakashatsi bwatwaye $ 8,000-25,000 $ kandi burashobora kwerekana ibikenewe kuvugururwa byongeweho $ 15,000-60.000 kumikoreshereze yumushinga.
Kurwanya Imihindagurikire y'Ibihe n'ibidukikije
Gukoresha ubushyuhe bukabije birwanya sisitemu yabitswe nubwo ifunze neza. Imicungire yubushyuhe ikomeza bateri muri dogere 15-35 kurwego rwiza utitaye kumiterere y'ibidukikije.
Ibikoresho bya Arctique bihura nibibazo bidasanzwe. Igikorwa cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu majyaruguru ya Kanada cyohereza ibikoresho 40ft hamwe n’inyongera ziyongera hamwe n’ibice bishyushye bya elegitoroniki. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bugabanutse kugera kuri dogere -40, sisitemu ya HVAC ikoresha 12-15% yingufu zose zigumana ubushyuhe bwa dogere 20 gusa. Amazi ashyushye azengurutsa ibice bya batiri, gukuramo ingufu za gride cyangwa moteri ya mazutu mugihe cy'ubukonje bukabije.
Kohereza ubutayu birwanya ubushyuhe bukabije. Imishinga ya Arizona - imishinga minini ireba 48 - 52 dogere yubushyuhe bwibidukikije mu cyi. Umwuka - sisitemu ikonje irwana hejuru ya dogere 45, biganisha ku gukonjesha amazi nkibisanzwe aho guhitamo premium. Ibikoresho byamazi - bikonje bikomeza gukora murwego rwa dogere 50 zihoraho mugihe ukoresha 4-6% gusa byinjira mumicungire yubushyuhe na 10-14% kuri sisitemu ikonje.
Kugenzura ubuhehere birinda ubukonje bwangiza amasano kandi byangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ibikoresho byo ku nkombe bigumana 30-50% ugereranije nubushuhe ukoresheje desiccant dehumidifiers. Umushinga wa Floride hafi y’amazi yumunyu wabanje guhura nikibazo cyo kwangirika kuri bisi za bisi no guhuza itumanaho mugihe cyamezi 18. Kashe yazamuye, kugenzura ubushuhe, hamwe nuburinganire bwa elegitoroniki byakemuye ibibazo ariko byongera $ 42,000 kubiciro bya sisitemu.
Hejuru - ubutumburuke bugabanya ubukonje bukonje. Kuri metero 2, 000+ uburebure, ubwinshi bwikirere bugabanuka 20 - 25%, bigatuma sisitemu ya HVAC yimuka hejuru kugirango ikonje ihwanye. Kwishyiriraho ski ya Colorado byasabye 40% ikirere gifite ubunini - ugereranije n’ibipimo byo ku nyanja, hiyongeraho $ 18,000 ku ngengo y’imari ya kilowati 500.
Ibisabwa by’ibiza mu turere tw’imitingito bitegeka gushimangira imiterere no guhuza byoroshye. Ibikoresho bya Californiya bikurikiza CBC Igice cya 13 kubice bitubatswe, bisaba ibikoresho bifata 1.0g + kwihuta kuruhande. Kwirinda imitingito byongera $ 8,000-20,000 kuri buri kintu bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera na geologiya yaho.
Kurinda ruswa mubidukikije byinganda hamwe n’imiti ikenera imyenda idasanzwe. Uruganda rwa peteroli rwahisemo ibyuma bitagira umwanda aho kuba ibyuma bya karuboni bisize irangi hanze, byemera 25% yigihembo cyigihe 20+ kumara igihe cyikirere cyangirika. Ibikoresho by'imbere byakiriye epoxy coatings irwanya hydrogène sulfide hamwe nizindi nganda - gaze.
Isuzumabumenyi ry’umwuzure rigena ingamba zo gushyira hamwe no kurinda. Ahantu muri 100 - yumwuzure ushobora kuzamura ibintu kuri platifomu (wongeyeho $ 30.000-60.000 kuri buri gice) cyangwa ibice bitarinda amazi. Ikigo kimwe cya Mississippi cyazamuye kontineri ebyiri za 40ft zifite metero 2,4 ku mbuga za beto zishimangirwa ku $ 85.000 by’ubwishingizi bw’ibiciro by’ubwishingizi bwagabanije amafaranga y’amadolari 7.200 buri mwaka, bitanga imyaka 12 yo kwishyura ishoramari ryo kugabanya imyuzure.
Ibisabwa Kubungabunga no Kuramba kwa Sisitemu
Gahunda yo kubungabunga gahunda irinda kunanirwa gutunguranye kandi ikagura ubuzima bwubukungu burenze igihe cya garanti. Kubikora - kubungabunga gusa mubisanzwe bigabanya sisitemu kuboneka kuri 3-8% buri mwaka binyuze muburyo butateganijwe.
Ubugenzuzi buri gihembwegenzura amashanyarazi, imikorere yubushyuhe, na sisitemu yumutekano. Abatekinisiye bagenzura itara kuri bisi ihuza (kurekura bibaho biturutse kumagare yubushyuhe), kugenzura kashe yumuryango no kwirinda ikirere, ibyuma byerekana ibyuma, no gusuzuma ibiti bya sisitemu kubintu bidasanzwe. Amashusho yubushyuhe agaragaza iterambere rishyushye mbere yo gutsindwa. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko 400A ihuza idakabije ya dogere 15 - ifata ibi mbere yo gutsindwa byabujije amadorari 40.000 kwangirika no gutaha.
Kugerageza ubushobozi bwa bateri buri mezi 6-12 bigabanya kwangirika no kwerekana selile zidakomeye. Kubara Coulomb inzira yishyuza / gusohora ariko ntibishobora gupima ubushobozi bwuzuye utabanje kwipimisha. Ibikoresho bikora ibizamini byimyaka ibiri bifata inzira yo kwangirika hakiri kare, gusimbuza imirongo yananiwe mbere yuko gutsindwa kwa casade kwangiza selile zegeranye.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikubiyemo gushungura muyungurura (buri gihembwe), kugenzura urwego rwa firigo (buri mwaka), no kugenzura compressor (buri mwaka). HVAC yirengagijwe itera 40% yibibazo bya BESS byizewe ukurikije amakuru yinganda. Sisitemu yakoresheje imyaka ibiri idafite impinduka zayungurujwe yabonye ubushyuhe bwimbere bwazamutseho dogere 8 hejuru yubushakashatsi, byihuta kwangirika kwa batiri no kugabanya ubuzima buteganijwe 30%.
Buri mwaka Kubungabunga Byimbitseikubiyemo ivugurura ryibikoresho, kugenzura kalibrasi, kugerageza kwerekanwa, no gukora siporo. Sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro isaba ubugenzuzi bwa buri mwaka kubipimo bya NFPA, kugenzura ibyuma, igitutu cyabakozi, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora. Kunanirwa kubungabunga sisitemu zo guhagarika birashobora gukuraho ubwishingizi - ikigo kimwe cyatakaje ubwishingizi nyuma yo kubura ubugenzuzi bubiri bwa sisitemu yumwaka.
Gukurikirana kure bigabanya ibiciro byingendo mugihe bifasha gufata neza. Igicu - gishingiye ku mbuga zikurikirana amajana n'amajana: imbaraga z'akagari ka buri muntu, ubushyuhe, uko byishyurwa, uko ubuzima bumeze, amateka yo gusiganwa ku magare, hamwe n'ibyabaye byo gutabaza. Imashini yiga algorithms yerekana uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro amezi 3 - amezi 6 mbere yo gutsindwa, kwemerera ibikorwa byateganijwe mugihe cyo gutaha aho kubisana byihutirwa. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zigezweho zigenda zinjizamo ubwo bushobozi bwo kugenzura AI nkibintu bisanzwe.
Gusimbuza bateri bifite ishingiro mubukungu mugihe ubushobozi bugabanutse kuri 70 - 80% byurwego rwumwimerere cyangwa amafaranga yinjira agabanuka munsi yikiguzi cyo kubungabunga. Batteri ya LFP mubusanzwe igera kumpera - yubuzima bwa - ubuzima kuri cycle 6.000-15,000 bitewe nuburebure bwamazi nogucunga ubushyuhe. Sisitemu yo gusiganwa ku magare kabiri buri munsi igera kuri 14,600 inzinguzingo mu myaka 20 yegereje gusimburwa ndetse na selile nziza.
Gusubiza ibyemezo kuringaniza ibiciro byo gusimbuza bateri ($ 180 - 250 / kWt kumapaki mashya) kurwanya kugura sisitemu nshya ihuriweho yunguka iterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Sisitemu 2025 irashobora kugura $ 550 / kWh yuzuye, mugihe sisitemu 2035 ishobora kugabanuka kugeza $ 300-350 / kWt hashingiwe kumayira. Ibikoresho bitekereza 2028-2030 gusubizwa birashobora gutegereza tekinoroji yigihe kizaza aho gushiraho bateri 2025-vintage.
Kureka no gutunganya amaherezo - ya - ubuzima butera ibibazo nibidukikije. Litiyumu - ion ya batiri yongeye gukoreshwa igarura 85-95% yibikoresho byagaciro (lithium, cobalt, nikel, umuringa) ariko igura $ 0.50-1.50 / lb. Igikoresho cya MWh 1 gifite litiro zigera ku 18.000 za bateri, bigatuma amadolari 9,000-27,000 yakoreshejwe. Amabwiriza agaragara arashobora guhindura ibiciro kubabikora binyuze muri gahunda zagutse zashinzwe.
Imigendekere yisoko niterambere ryikoranabuhanga
Isoko rya BESS rifite ibikoresho bikomeza guhinduka byihuse biterwa no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro, kuzamura ubucucike, no kwagura porogaramu.
Iterambere ry’ingufu zavuye kuri 3,35 MWh kuri kontineri 20ft mu ntangiriro za 2023 rigera kuri MW 5 hagati ya - 2023 na 6+ MWh mu mpera za 2024. Sisitemu ya 8 MWh ya Envision Energy yatangaje ko muri Nzeri 2024 yageze kuri 541 kWh / m² binyuze muri selile 700 Ah LFP, ikorana buhanga rinini, ikora neza, kandi ikanashyira imbere imiterere y'imbere. Ubu bwiyongere bwa 140% mumezi 18 bwabaye nta guhindura ibipimo byo hanze.
Ubwihindurize bw'ikoranabuhanga rya selile butera inyungu zingana. Abakora bateri bavuye muri selile 280 Ah (bisanzwe muri 2022 - 2023) bajya kuri 314 Ah, hanyuma 350 Ah, none 700+ Ah binini - selile. Ingirabuzimafatizo nini zigabanya sisitemu igoye-selile nkeya bisobanura guhuza bike, insinga zoroshye, hamwe no kwizerwa. Sisitemu ya CATL 6.25 MWh Tianheng ikoresha iri hame, igera kuri 30% yingufu zingana kuri buri gace na sisitemu 2023.
Gukonjesha amazi kwimura ikirere gikonje nkibisanzwe kuri sisitemu iri hejuru ya MWh. Amazi - akonje isoko yo kubika ingufu za kontineri yageze kuri miliyari 15 z'amadolari muri 2024 naho imishinga igera kuri miliyari 45 muri 2030 kuri 20% CAGR. Sisitemu y'amazi ikomeza ingirabuzimafatizo ziri hagati ya dogere 2-3 na dogere 8-10 zo gukonjesha ikirere, kongera igihe cya bateri 25-40% no kuzamura umutekano.
Icyakabiri - ikoreshwa rya batiri yubuzima ryihuta nkuko paki ya EV igera kumpera yubuzima bwimodoka. Redwood Materials yatangije sisitemu yo gusubiramo bateri mu mpera za 2024, isaba guhatanira igiciro hamwe na lithium nshya - ion kuri 8+ amasaha yo gusaba. Isosiyete yakoze "umusemuzi rusange" yemerera ubwoko bwa bateri ivanze gukorera hamwe - gukemura ikibazo cyo kwishyira hamwe cyabujije mbere - ubuzima bwa kabiri.
Sodium - bateri zinjira mubizamini byubucuruzi kububiko buhagaze. Mugihe ubucucike bwingufu bugumye 20 - 30% munsi ya lithium - ion, sodium - ion itanga ibyiza: ibikoresho byinshi (nta cobalt cyangwa lithium), umutekano wongerewe imbaraga (nta guhunga ubushyuhe), hamwe nubushyuhe buke -. Uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa CATL na BYD rwatangaje sodium - ion igizwe na sisitemu yo kubitsa 2025 igamije amasoko yorohereza ibiciro.
Batteri ikomeye - bateri isezeranya 50 - 70% ubwinshi bwingufu zingana na lithium iriho - tekinoroji. Kugurisha neza birashobora gupakira 12 - 14 MWh muri kontineri 20ft muri 2028 - 2030. Nyamara, ibibazo byo gukora nibiciro bigabanya imiterere-yimikorere mito mito. Abasesenguzi benshi biteze ko lithium-ion yiganje muri 2030 kuri sisitemu yabitswe.
Guhuza ubwenge bwubuhanga bitezimbere imikorere ya sisitemu. AI - sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) iteganya ibiciro byingufu, imiterere yikirere, nibisabwa kugirango imitwaro igaruke. Kwishyiriraho ubucuruzi muri Californiya ukoresheje AI - igenzurwa ryagezweho 18% byungutse kuruta amategeko - sisitemu yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwishyuza / gusohora igihe cyose ubukemurampaka bwingufu, kugabanya ibicuruzwa, hamwe nisoko rya serivise icyarimwe.
Imodoka - kugeza - grid (V2G) ihuza ihuza amato ya EV na kontineri ya BESS kugirango ubushobozi bwaguke. Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho muri New Jersey yashyizeho kontineri 750 kWh ihujwe n’imodoka 50 za EV flot V2G ifite ubushobozi, bituma MW MW 1.5 zibikwa neza. Sisitemu yishyuza EV nijoro mugihe gito kandi ikanasohoka mugihe cya nyuma ya saa sita, ikinjiza amadolari 72.000 yumwaka ku kiguzi cyamashanyarazi.
Imiyoboro - ikora tekinoroji ya inverter ituma BESS ikora amashanyarazi ya gride itajegajega hamwe numuyoboro udafite aho uhurira ningirakamaro, ingenzi kuri microgrid hamwe nibirwa birirwa. Imiyoboro gakondo - ikurikira inverters ntishobora gutangiza gride yapfuye, mugihe gride - sisitemu yo gukora irema imirongo yerekana ibindi bikoresho bihuza na. Ubu bushobozi buba ngombwa mugihe microgrids ikwirakwira ahantu hitaruye nibikoresho bikomeye.
Gusaba - Ibipimo byihariye byo gutoranya
Imikoreshereze itandukanye yimanza ishyira imbere sisitemu zitandukanye, zisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo guhitamo.
Ingufu zisubirwamobisaba 4 - amasaha 8 yo gusohora igihe cyo guhuza imyirondoro yabasekuruza. Imirasire y'izuba ibika ibisigisigi bya sasita kugirango bisohore nimugoroba, bikenera sisitemu izunguruka rimwe kumunsi mubwimbitse bwinshi. Ubuzima bwa Batteri buba ingirakamaro mubukungu-premium selile yerekana 20-30% igiciro cyamafaranga binyuze mubuzima bwagutse (12,000-15,000 cycle na 6,000-8,000 kuri selile zisanzwe). Iterambere ryizuba muri Nevada yahisemo selile primaire $ 140 / kWh hejuru ya selile isanzwe ya $ 110 / kWh, ubara imyaka 4 yo kwishyura binyuze mukugabanya inshuro zisimburwa.
Kogosha cyanekubucuruzi bwubucuruzi busaba igisubizo cyihuse ariko igihe giciriritse (2 - amasaha 4). Uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa rusabwa kwishyurwa hashingiwe ku minota 15 - yo gukuramo ingufu buri kwezi - ndetse nimpinga ngufi igura $ 8 - 15 / kW-ukwezi. Sisitemu yagereranije 0.5-1.0 MW hamwe na 1-2 MWh ubushobozi bwo kogosha mugihe ugabanya ingano ya bateri nigiciro. Igisubizo cyihuta kirenze igihe cyigihe, ushimangira imbaraga za lithium-ion ya chimie kurenza iyindi ihendutse ariko itinda.
Imbaraga zo kubikaPorogaramu ishyira imbere kwizerwa kuruta kuzamura ibiciro. Ibitaro, ibigo byamakuru, na serivisi byihutirwa bikenera ingufu zizewe mugihe cyamasaha 4 - 24. Izi sisitemu zirashobora kuzunguruka gake (kwipimisha buri kwezi hiyongereyeho rimwe na rimwe guhagarara) ariko bigomba gutanga ubushobozi bwa 100% mugihe bikenewe. Kugabanuka, gukingira umuriro gukomeye, hamwe na garanti zuzuye zemeza ibiciro bihendutse - ibitaro byo muri Floride byishyuye 35% byamafaranga yo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi BESS ifite ubumenyi bwizewe hamwe no gukurikirana 24/7.
Imiyoboro ihamyekubikorwa byingirakamaro bisaba sub - igisubizo cya kabiri nibihumbi byumwaka. Sisitemu yo kugenzura inshuro itera cyangwa ikurura imbaraga mumasegonda 4 yo gutandukana kwa gride, gusiganwa ku magare igice 100 - 300 kumunsi. Kugenda ku magare (10-30% byubujyakuzimu) byongerera igihe cya bateri nubwo ibara ryinshi. Sisitemu ikeneye igenzura rikomeye rihuza ibikorwa byingirakamaro SCADA hamwe na sisitemu yo gupiganira isoko wongeyeho $ 80.000-150.000 $ yo gutumanaho no kugenzura ibikorwa remezo.
Porogaramu ya Microgridguhuza ibikorwa byinshi: kuvugurura gushya, imbaraga zinyuma, hamwe na serivise ya gride. Umuryango wizinga muri Alaska wohereje 2 MW / 6 MWh sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zikoresha imitwaro isanzwe ikurikira, kubika ingufu z'umuyaga, no gutanga amasaha 6+ mu gihe cy'imvura y'amahindu. Sisitemu yimikorere ya Multi - ikenera kugenzura byoroshye kwemerera uburyo bwo guhinduranya no gucunga ibyambere - software yubucuruzi ($ 30,000-60,000) cyangwa iterambere ryigenga ($ 100,000-200,000) bitewe nuburemere.
Inkunga yo KwishyuzaGucunga imbaraga nyinshi ziva muri DC yihuta ishobora guhungabanya kugaburira. Sitasiyo yumuriro ifite amashanyarazi atandatu 350 kW itanga ingufu za MW 2.1 - zishobora kurenza urugero za transformateur zaho. 1 MW / 2 MWh BESS itera iyi mitwaro, ikagenda yishyura buhoro buhoro kuri gride kandi isohoka vuba mumodoka. Uku "kogosha cyane" kwemerera kwishyiriraho ibikorwa remezo ahantu hafite ubushobozi buke bwa gride, gufungura ubundi buryo budashoboka.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zamaraga igihe kingana iki?
Sisitemu ya Lisiyumu ya fosifate (LFP) mubisanzwe imara imyaka 10-15 mbere yuko gusimbuza bateri biba nkenerwa mubukungu, bikagera ku 6.000-15,000 byinshyi bitewe nuburebure bwamazi nubuziranenge bwubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bya kontineri nimbaraga za elegitoronike akenshi bimara 20+ imyaka hamwe no kubungabunga neza. Ubuzima bwa sisitemu yose yimyaka 15-20 irasanzwe, hamwe no gusimbuza bateri mumwaka 10-12. Sisitemu yo hejuru hamwe nubuyobozi bwiza bwumuriro hamwe nigare rike rishobora kurenza imyaka 15 mbere yo gusimbuza bateri.
Ni izihe ngaruka z'umuriro kandi zigabanywa gute?
Litiyumu - ion yiruka yumuriro ikomeza kuba ibyago byambere byumuriro, nubwo sisitemu zigezweho zirimo ibice byinshi birinda: selile - kugenzura urwego rwerekana ibintu bidasanzwe mbere yo kunanirwa, sisitemu yo guhagarika gaze mu buryo bwikora (FM - 200 cyangwa Novec 1230), ibyuma bisohora ibisasu, inzitizi zumuriro hagati yububiko bwa batiri, n’ubwubatsi bwa kontineri yumuriro -. Ibikoresho byo mu bihugu 23 byahuye n’umuriro wa BESS hagati ya 2017-2024, ariko nta na kimwe cyigeze kiboneka muri sisitemu zifite uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro mu byiciro byinshi nyuma ya 2021. Abanditsi b’ubwishingizi bategeka uburyo bwihariye bwo kurinda umuriro kugira ngo babukwirakwize.
Umwanya angahe ukenewe mugushiraho?
Igikoresho gisanzwe cya 20ft gipima 6.1m × 2,4m × 2,6m z'uburebure (20ft × 8ft × 8.5ft), bisaba metero kare 18 - 20 harimo kwemererwa kubona uburyo bwo kubungabunga no kubika umuriro . 40 ft zikeneye metero kare 32-36. Kode yaho isanzwe itegeka metero 1-3 gukuraho ibikoresho kugirango babone umuriro. Ibikoresho byo hejuru hejuru yinzu bihura nuburemere bwibikoresho-byuzuye byuzuye 20ft bipima toni 25-35, bisaba gushimangira inyubako nyinshi zubucuruzi.
Sisitemu irashobora kwimurwa nyuma yo kwishyiriraho?
Yego - ibishushanyo mbonera bifasha kwimuka, nubwo ibiciro nibigoye biterwa nubujyakuzimu. Ibikoresho byuzuye byuzuye bifite AC ihuza byoroshye birashobora kwimuka muminsi 2-5 kumadorari 15,000-35.000 yo guhagarika, gutwara, no kongera kuyubaka. Sisitemu ifite umurongo mugari wa gride, insinga zashyinguwe, cyangwa umurimo wibanze bisaba ibyumweru 2-4 na $ 50-120.000 $ yo kwimuka. Garanti ya bateri irashobora kugira imbogamizi kumurongo wimikorere cyangwa ibihe.
Urwego rwo gufata ibyemezo byo gutoranya sisitemu
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ingufu zitangirana no gushushanya ibyifuzo byawe murwego rukomeye.
Tangira usobanutse neza. Ikigo gikeneye imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma gikora mu mbogamizi zitandukanye cyane kuruta imwe ikurikirana kugabanya amafaranga. Sisitemu zo kubika zishyira imbere kwizerwa no kumara igihe cyo kuzamura ibiciro, mugihe sisitemu yo kwishyuza isaba ubukungu mu buryo bworoshye bushoboka. Kuvanga - gukoresha porogaramu bisaba kugenzura bihanitse byemerera uburyo bwo guhinduranya ukurikije imiterere ya grid nibikorwa byihutirwa mubucuruzi.
Ingufu zikeneye kubara bisaba gusesengura amezi 12 yinguzanyo zingirakamaro kumitwaro, ibisabwa hejuru, hamwe nuburyo ibiciro. Ikigo gifite baseload ihamye kandi impinga yoroheje ikenera ubushobozi butandukanye nubwa imwe ifite imitwaro ihindagurika cyane. Igihe - cya - koresha igipimo cyibiciro hamwe nigiciro cya 3x gitandukanya hagati ya - impinga nimpinga bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo gukemura ibibazo byerekana ubushobozi bwa bateri nini kuruta kogosha byoroshye.
Ibisabwa byigihe biva mugusobanukirwa igihe ingufu zizaba zikenewe. Kwishyiriraho izuba bikenera ububiko burenga 4 - 6 amasaha 6 nimugoroba, mugihe sisitemu yo kugenzura imirongo irashobora gusohora ubudahwema kumashanyarazi igice cya 30 - iminota 60 inshuro mirongo kumunsi. Huza igihe cyo gusohora igihe cyo gusaba fiziki-kurenza-kugura igihe cyangiza igishoro kubushobozi budakoreshwa.
Inzitizi zingengo yimari akenshi zirengagiza tekiniki. Ikigo gifite $ 400,000 cyaguzwe kiboneka gitandukanye nimwe gifite 800.000 $ nubwo hakenewe tekiniki imwe. Reba ibyiciro byoherejwe - guhera kuri kontineri imwe no kongerera ubushobozi nkuko bije yemerera kandi uburambe bwemeza ubukungu. Ibikoresho byinshi byatangiranye na 30-50% yubushobozi buhebuje, bwaguka mumezi 18-24 nyuma yo kwemeza inyungu zamafaranga.
Umwanya uboneka urashobora kuba imbogamizi ku mbuga zo mumijyi. Kwishyiriraho igisenge birinda umwanya wubutaka bifite agaciro ariko bisaba isesengura ryimiterere kandi birashobora kugabanya ingano ya sisitemu kubera kugabanya ibiro. Ubutaka - sisitemu yubatswe ikenera uburyo bwo kubona ibinyabiziga kugirango ushyireho kandi ubungabunge - imbuga zifatika zishobora kwakira kontineri imwe gusa na bibiri - byashizweho.
Imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro ifite ubunini bwa sisitemu hamwe na hamwe. Sisitemu iri munsi ya 500 kW mu nkiko nziza irashobora guhuza mugihe cyiminsi 60 - 90 ku giciro gito, mugihe 2+ MW MW ahantu huzuye abantu bahura nuburyo bwo kwemeza amezi 6-18 hamwe no kuzamura imiyoboro ihenze. Ibihe byo guhuza ibihe hamwe nigiciro muri bije yumushinga wose-kudaha agaciro ibi bitera imishinga myinshi itinda.
Ibidukikije bikora byerekana imicungire yubushyuhe kandi bigira ingaruka kubiciro birebire -. Ibikoresho biri mu kirere giciriritse (10 - 30 dogere umwaka wose) birashobora gukoresha ubukonje busanzwe bwikirere, mugihe ahantu hakabije hakenewe gukonjesha amazi meza cyangwa gushyushya byiyongera. Gukoresha sisitemu ya HVAC mubihe bibi bitwara 5-15% yingufu zose, bigira ingaruka mubukungu bwumushinga.
Ubuhanga bwa tekinike bugira uruhare mu guhitamo urwego. Ibikoresho hamwe naba injeniyeri b'amashanyarazi babimenyereye hamwe nubucuruzi bwabacuruzi barashobora kungukirwa na kimwe cya kabiri - sisitemu ihuriweho itanga ibikoresho neza. Amashyirahamwe adafite - ubuhanga bwinzu agomba gushyigikira ibisubizo byuzuye byahinduwe kugirango yemere amafaranga make yo kugabanya ingaruka za tekiniki hamwe n’inkunga imwe -.
Igenamigambi ryagutse risa nibikenewe byihuse kuri 5 - imyaka 10 yo gukura. Sisitemu ya modula yemerera kwaguka byoroshye birinda kugura ubushobozi bwambere mugihe ukomeza kuzamura ibintu byoroshye. Imbuga nyinshi zubucuruzi zashyizeho sisitemu yo kugenzura nu mwanya wa padi ushyigikira ubushobozi bwa 3x bugezweho, bidindiza kugura bateri kugeza imitwaro ifite ishingiro ryo kwaguka.
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu za kontineri rikomeje ubwihindurize bwihuse, hamwe na sisitemu ubushobozi bugenda bwiyongera mugihe ibiciro bigabanuka. Isozwa ryagenze neza rihuza sisitemu ibisobanuro kubisabwa nyirizina aho kugura ubushobozi ntarengwa cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho utitaye kubikenewe. Amashyirahamwe agomba gutangirana no gusesengura neza, kubara ingufu nimbaraga zisabwa harimo nigihe gikenewe, no guhitamo urwego rwihuza rujyanye nubushobozi bwa tekinike imbere. Kubikoresho bishya mububiko bwingufu, guhera kuri sisitemu ntoya byubaka uburambe mubikorwa mbere yo kwiyemeza gushora imari nini. Ibikoresho byinshi bigera ku myaka 3-7 yo kwishyura iyo bingana neza kubisabwa, hamwe na sisitemu yo hejuru ku masoko meza yagaruye ibiciro mugihe cyimyaka 3-4 binyuze mumafaranga yinjiza hamwe no kuzigama.