Ugomba kugereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba mugihe uteganya kwishyiriraho izuba rishya, ukongeraho ububiko kumwanya uriho, guhura numuriro w'amashanyarazi, cyangwa guhura nigihe - cya - gukoresha igipimo cyamashanyarazi. Igihe cyo kugereranya kigira ingaruka zitaziguye kuri sisitemu, ikiguzi -, nubushobozi bwawe bwo kwigenga kwingufu.
Idirishya ryicyemezo rifite akamaro kuko tekinoroji yo kubika izuba igenda yihuta, hamwe na batiri ya litiro - ion yagabanutse kugera ku $ 2,500 kuri kilowatt - mu isaha ya 2024 hamwe n’inguzanyo ya 30% y’imisoro y’izuba isigaye iboneka kugeza muri 2025 kuri sisitemu zo guturamo. Gutegereza igihe kirekire bisobanura kubura amafaranga yubukungu, mugihe ugereranije hakiri kare bishobora kuganisha kumahitamo ya kera.
Gusobanukirwa Ibihe Byingenzi byo Kugereranya
Gusobanukirwa igihe cyo gusuzuma ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba birashobora kuzigama ibihumbi byamadorari no gukumira ibibazo bihuza. Isoko ryo kubika izuba ryerekana abafite amazu ingingo zifatika zisaba isuzumwa ryitondewe. Kubura ibi bihe birashobora kuvamo ibihumbi byamadorari yo kuzigama wabuze cyangwa gushiraho sisitemu zidahuye zisaba retrofits ihenze.
Mbere yo Gushiraho Imirasire y'izuba
Kugereranya amahitamo yo kubika mbere yo gushiraho imirasire yizuba itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi nigiciro gito muri rusange. DC - sisitemu ihujwe, ihuza bateri mu buryo butaziguye imirasire y'izuba mbere ya inverter, igera ku kigero cya 98% round- ingendo nziza ugereranije na 90 - 94% kuri retrofits ya AC. Iri tandukaniro rya 4-8% risobanura kuzigama imbaraga zingirakamaro mugihe cyimyaka 10-15 ya bateri.
Inyungu y'ibiciro ni myinshi. Gushyira izuba hamwe nububiko icyarimwe bikuraho amafaranga yikubye kabiri yumurimo, amafaranga yo kwemerera, nakazi ko gukora amashanyarazi. Inganda ziva mu 2024-2025 zerekana ko kwishyiriraho icyarimwe bigura $ 3000- $ 5,000 ugereranije no kongera ububiko nyuma. Imvange ya Hybrid ikora izuba rihinduka hamwe nogucunga bateri mugice kimwe, kugabanya ibiciro byibyuma hamwe nokunanirwa.
Ingano ya sisitemu iba nyayo iyo iteganijwe hamwe. Gushyira hamwe birashobora kubara neza ubushobozi bwumuriro wizuba hamwe nububiko bwa batiri ukeneye ukurikije umwirondoro wawe wuzuye, wirinda ikosa risanzwe ryo kugabanya ububiko bwibikoresho biriho. Ubu buryo bwuzuye butuma ubushobozi bwa bateri buhura nibisohoka cyane mugihe cyamasaha yo gukora.
Iyo Wongeyeho Ububiko Kuri Solar iriho
Ba nyiri amazu bafite imirasire y'izuba ihari bahura nibitekerezo bitandukanye. Igereranya rya retrofit rigomba gutangira mugihe sisitemu yawe ikora byibuze amezi 6-12, itanga amakuru yizewe muburyo bwo kubyara ingufu ningeso zikoreshwa.
AC - sisitemu ihujwe yiganje ku isoko rya retrofit kuko ihuza byoroshye na inverteri zuba zihari. Ibyamamare AC - bifatanije nka Bateri ya Tesla Powerwall 3 na Enphase IQ Batteri irashobora kongerwaho utabanje kwanga izuba ryinshi. Ubucuruzi - off nuburyo butatu bwo guhinduranya: DC izuba rihinduka AC, hanyuma igasubira muri DC kubika bateri, hanyuma ikongera ikagera kuri AC kugirango ikoreshwe murugo. Buri ntambwe yo guhinduka itakaza hafi 3-5% yingufu.
Isesengura ryibiciro kuri retrofits rigomba kubara kubindi bice. Uzakenera iniverisite itandukanye, ishobora kuba amashanyarazi mashya kugirango ukemure umutwaro wiyongereye, kandi birashoboka ko wongeyeho paneli ya serivise nyamukuru niba inzu yawe ihari idahagije. Iyiyongera irashobora kongera igiciro cyumushinga $ 2000- $ 4,000 ugereranije nuburyo bushya.
Igihe cyiza cya retrofits mubisanzwe ni 2 - nyuma yimyaka 5 nyuma yo kwishyiriraho izuba. Idirishya rigufasha gusobanukirwa ningufu zawe zifatika mugihe izuba ryizuba rikiri rishya. Gutegereza kurenza imyaka 10 birashobora gusimbuza gusaza inverters uko byagenda kose, icyo gihe sisitemu ya DC ihujwe na Hybrid inverter irashobora kuba ubukungu.
Mugihe Cyingenzi Cyubuzima
Imihindagurikire yingenzi yubuzima itanga ingingo zigereranya zo gusuzuma ubwoko butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu zizuba. Inzibacyuho akenshi zihindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu kuburyo butangaje, bigatuma biba byiza gusubiramo ibyo ukeneye kubika.
Ongeraho imodoka yamashanyarazi ihindura byose. Ubusanzwe EV yongeraho 300 - 500 kWh yo gukoresha amashanyarazi buri kwezi, bigereranywa no gukoresha urugo rwose. Urugero rwa Tesla Model 3, ikoresha hafi 15 kWh kuri kilometero 100 itwaye. Ku muntu utwara km 20.000 buri mwaka, ibyo byiyongeraho 3.000 kWh kumwaka. Ububiko bwa bateri bunini kubukoresha mbere ya EV ntibuzaba buhagije, bisaba kugereranya sisitemu nini nini.
Kwagura urugo, ibyongeweho, cyangwa kuzamura ibikoresho byingenzi bisa nkibisobanura ububiko bushya. Ongeraho ibiro byo murugo, amahugurwa, cyangwa pisine birashobora kongera ingufu za 20-40%. Sisitemu nshya ya pompe yubushyuhe irashobora kongeramo 5,000-8,000 kWh buri mwaka mubihe bikonje. Ibi ntabwo ari bike; ni impinduka zifatika kumwirondoro wawe w'ingufu zisaba sisitemu yo kubika.
Ikiruhuko cyiza cyerekana ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi. Akazi - kuva - abasezerewe murugo bahindura ingufu zikoreshwa kuva mumasaha ya nimugoroba kugeza saa sita, mugihe imirasire y'izuba itanga umusaruro mwinshi. Uku guhuza kunoza cyane icyifuzo cyo kubika bateri, kuko ingufu nke zigomba kubikwa kugirango zikoreshwe nyuma. Kugereranya kwibanda guhinduka kuva mubushobozi bwose kugeza kubushobozi bwo gusohora ibikoresho byo kumunsi.
Gusuzuma Ibikorwa byawe Byingirakamaro
Igihe - cya - gukoresha ibiciro byamashanyarazi bitera impamvu zikomeye zamafaranga yo kugereranya sisitemu yo kubika. Gusobanukirwa imiterere yikigero cyawe nibyingenzi mukumenya niba ishoramari ryububiko ryumvikana mubukungu.
Igihe - cya - Koresha Isesengura ry'Ibipimo
Abafite amazu muri Californiya bahura na bimwe mu biciro bikabije bya TOU mu gihugu, aho amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi agera kuri $ 0.45 - 0.55 kuri kilowati mu gihe cya 4-9 PM, mu gihe ibiciro bitari hejuru bikamanuka bikagera kuri $ 0.25-0.30 kuri kilowati. Umuryango ukoresha 30 kWh mu masaha yo hejuru uzigama amadolari 6-9 buri munsi ukoresheje ingufu zizuba zabitswe aho gukoresha ingufu za gride. Umwaka urenga, aya yose hamwe ni 2,190-3,285 yo kuzigama.
Itandukaniro rya TOU rya Arizona naryo riratangaje mugihe cyizuba. Igipimo cyo hejuru ya $ 0.32 - 0.38 kuri kilowati itandukanye na super off {{5} rates igipimo cyo hejuru ya $ 0.09-0.12 kuri kilowati. Ububiko bwa bateri butuma ba nyiri amazu bishyura mugihe cyibihe bidasanzwe no gusohora mugihe cyimpera, bikemura neza itandukaniro ryibiciro 70-75%.
Flat - igipimo cyabakiriya muri leta nka Idaho, Louisiana, cyangwa Arkansas bahura nubukungu butandukanye. Hamwe nigiciro cyamashanyarazi kizenguruka $ 0.08 - 0,12 kuri kilowati utitaye kumwanya, kwishyura amafaranga bivuye kumuzigo birashira. Kuri aba nyiri amazu, kugereranya ububiko bigomba kwibanda cyane cyane kubiguzi byamashanyarazi aho kuzigama buri munsi.
Kuruhuka - ndetse kubara biroroshye: gereranya impinga yawe yumwaka - ukoresha amasaha yagwijwe na peak / off - itandukanyirizo ryikigereranyo hamwe nigiciro cya sisitemu yo kubika. Niba igihe cyo kwishyura kirenze igihe cyubwishingizi bwa bateri (mubisanzwe imyaka 10 - 15), ishoramari ryububiko ntirishobora kuba rifite ishingiro ryamafaranga utitaye ku nyungu zitari ifaranga nkimbaraga zokugarura no kwigenga kwingufu.
Guhindura Politiki Yuzuye
Politiki yo gupima net igira ingaruka zikomeye mugihe cyo kugereranya ububiko. Aya mabwiriza agena amafaranga yingirakamaro yishura ingufu zizuba zirenze zisubizwa kuri gride, ihindura muburyo bwubukungu bwububiko.
Californiya ya NEM 3.0, yashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Mata 2023, yagabanije indishyi zoherezwa mu mahanga 75-80%. Mu mategeko yabanjirije NEM 2.0, ibikorwa byaguze izuba rirenze ku giciro cyuzuye cyo kugurisha $ 0.30-0.40 kuri kilowati. NEM 3.0 yishyura amadorari 0.08-0.10 kuri kilowati yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ihinduka rya politiki ryahinduye ububiko bwa batiri kuva kubushake kugeza kuri ngombwa kugirango umusaruro ushimishije.
Hawaii yakuyeho imiyoboro gakondo ya neti muri 2015, iyisimbuza gride - gutanga no kwikorera - yo gutanga. Porogaramu yo - yo gutanga isaba sisitemu yo kubika bateri, bigatuma kugereranya atari byiza gusa ahubwo ni itegeko. Ba nyir'amazu bagomba guhitamo hagati ya 10 - 15 kWh ya sisitemu yo gusubira inyuma cyangwa 20-30 kWh sisitemu yo kwigenga hafi ya gride.
Ibihugu bitekereza impinduka za net zirimo Nevada, Arizona, Massachusetts, na New York. Iyo inteko ishinga amategeko ya leta iganiriye ku ihinduka rya NEM, icyo ni ikimenyetso cyawe cyo kugereranya amahitamo yo guhita. Kwishyiriraho amategeko abigenga birashobora kuba sogokuruza sisitemu mubiciro byiza byindishyi kumyaka 10-20.
Ingaruka zamafaranga ni nyinshi. Nyir'inzu ya Californiya ifite sisitemu ya 7 kWt itanga 10.500 kWh buri mwaka ashobora kohereza 4000 kWh munsi ya NEM 2.0, yinjiza $ 1200 - 1,600 buri mwaka. Muri NEM 3.0, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitanga amadorari 320-400 gusa. Itandukaniro rya $ 880-1,200 ryumwaka rituma sisitemu ya bateri 12,000 $ yishyura ubwayo mumyaka 10-14 binyuze mukwiyongera wenyine.
Kugereranya Ukurikije Ingufu Zanyu Zikeneye
Imbaraga zokwizerwa zitwara ba nyiri urugo kugereranya sisitemu yo kubika. Inshuro, igihe bimara, n'ingaruka z'umuriro mukarere kawe bigira ingaruka kuburyo bwa bateri n'ubushobozi byumvikana.
Isuzuma rya Frequency Frequency
Ba nyiri amazu bagomba gukurikirana byibuze umwaka umwe mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byo kubika. Texas yahuye n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi 214 mu 2023, mu gihe Californiya yanditseho 187, byombi bikaba hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cy’igihugu cya 122 buri mwaka kuri sisitemu ya gride.
Igihe gito - igihe cyo kumara amasaha 1-4 gisaba ibisubizo bitandukanye kuruta umwijima mwinshi. Sisitemu ya batiri 10 kWh itanga ingufu za 5 kW zihoraho zirashobora gukora imizigo yingenzi mumasaha 4-6, ikubiyemo firigo, interineti, amatara, nibikoresho byubuvuzi. Ubu bushobozi bukemura ibibazo bigufi biturutse ku kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibihe by'ikirere bito.
Umwanya mugari urasaba sisitemu nini cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza izuba. Kaliforuniya ishinzwe umutekano w’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’umuriro irashobora kumara iminsi 2 - 5. Kuri ibi bintu, kugereranya 20-30 kWh sisitemu hamwe nizuba ryinshi ryizuba biba ngombwa. Imirasire y'izuba 10 kW irashobora kwishyuza batiyeri 20 kWh mumasaha 3-4 yumucyo wizuba, bigatuma iminsi myinshi ikora.
Igiciro - inyungu zo kubara zihinduka cyane ukurikije inshuro zashize. Niba uhuye nikibazo gikomeye 10+ buri mwaka, sisitemu ya bateri $ 15,000 itanga agaciro gakomeye binyuze mu kwirinda ibiryo byangiritse, gutakaza umusaruro, no guhumurizwa neza. Hamwe nibura 1-2 gusa buri mwaka, ubukungu butanga amashanyarazi mato mato keretse niba icyarimwe ukurikirana kugabanya fagitire ukoresheje ubukemurampaka bwa TOU.
Kumenyekanisha Umutwaro Uhambaye
Imizigo y'amashanyarazi yose yo murugo ntabwo ingenzi kimwe mugihe cyo kubura. Kugereranya sisitemu yo kubika bisaba gusuzuma ubunyangamugayo ibigomba kuguma bifite imbaraga nibyoroshye gusa.
Ibikoresho byubuvuzi birema non - ibisabwa byingufu zisabwa. Imashini za CPAP, intumbero ya ogisijeni, n'imiti ikonjesha bisaba imbaraga zihoraho. Ubusanzwe CPAP ikoresha watt 30-60, mugihe intumbero ya ogisijeni ishushanya 300-600. Gukenera ubuvuzi bifite ishingiro sisitemu nini ya batiri ndetse no mubice bifite ikibazo gito.
Firigo yerekana umutwaro usanzwe. Firigo igezweho izunguruka no kuzimya, impuzandengo ya watt 150-200 ikomeza gushushanya. Firigo yihariye yongeraho andi 100-150. Kugumya gukora amasaha 24 bisaba hafi 3-4 kWh yubushobozi bwa bateri, hiyongereyeho ububiko bwinyongera bwo gutangira kwiyongera.
Akazi - kuva - ibisabwa murugo byazamuye interineti, mudasobwa, nibikoresho byo mu biro kugeza ku miryango myinshi. Ibiro byo murugo byashizweho na mudasobwa igendanwa, monitor, router, na modem mubisanzwe bikurura 200-400 watts. Amasaha umunani yo gukora atwara 1.6-3.2 kWt. Ongeraho inama ya videwo kandi gushushanya byiyongera kuri 100-150 watts.
Gushyushya no gukonjesha byerekana ibibazo bikomeye. Sisitemu yo guhumeka hagati ikurura 3000 - 5.000 watts, bigatuma urugo rwose rukonja mugihe cyizuba ridahagije hamwe na sisitemu ya batiri yo guturamo. Amashanyarazi ashyushye muburyo bwo gushyushya ashushanya watts 2000-4,000. Iyi mitwaro isaba ingufu za gride, generator, cyangwa amabanki manini cyane arenga 30-40 kWh.
Amashanyarazi ya Batiri na tekinoroji yo kugereranya
Iyo ugereranije ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba, chimie ya bateri ihinduka itandukaniro rikomeye. Imiti itandukanye ya batiri ikora ibikenewe bitandukanye, kandi igihe cyo kugereranya kigomba guhuza nikibazo cyawe cyo gukoresha.
Litiyumu - Ion Ibihinduka
Muburyo butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba, bateri ya Lithium Iron Fosifate (LFP) yiganje mububiko bwizuba butuye mumwaka wa 2024 - 2025 kubera imiterere yumutekano yabo hamwe nubuzima bwikiziga. Sisitemu ya LFP mubisanzwe igera ku 4000-6,000 byikuzimu kuri 80% byubujyakuzimu, bivuze imyaka 10-15 yo gukoresha buri munsi. Kuramba birerekana ibiciro biri hejuru kubanyiri amazu bateganya gutunga igihe kirekire.
Bateri ya Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) itanga ingufu nyinshi, ikabika imbaraga nyinshi mumwanya muto. 13.5 kWh Tesla Powerwall 2 ukoresheje chimie ya NMC ifata hafi 30% munsi ya sisitemu ihwanye na LFP. Iyi compactness ifite akamaro kubafite amazu afite umwanya muto wo kwishyiriraho cyangwa abashaka kongera ubushobozi mubice bibujijwe.
Ibitekerezo byumutekano bishyigikira LFP kubisaba gutura. Limiya ihamye ya LFP irwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, uburyo bwo kunanirwa na bateri bushobora gutera umuriro. Batteri ya NMC, nubwo ifite umutekano iyo icunzwe neza, isaba sisitemu zo gucunga neza za batiri kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije. Kubyago - birwanya banyiri amazu, LFP itanga amahoro yumutima akwiye ubucuruzi bunini -.
Igiciro kuri kilowatt - isaha iratandukanye na chimie. Sisitemu ya LFP mubusanzwe igura $ 800 - 1,200 kuri kilowati yashyizweho muri 2024-2025, mugihe sisitemu ya NMC iri hagati ya $ 700-1,000 kuri kilowati. Nyamara, ubuzima bwa LFP burebure burigihe akenshi butanga igiciro gito kuri buri cyiciro mubuzima bwa sisitemu. Sisitemu ya 12,000 $ ya LFP imara 6000 igura amadolari 2.00 kuri buri cyiciro, mugihe sisitemu ya NMC 10,000 $ yamara 4000 igura $ 2.50 kuri buri cyiciro.
Kuyobora - Ibitekerezo bya Acide
Kurongora - bateri ya acide ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro kubikorwa byihariye nubwo lithium yiganje. Ikariso ifunze - bateri ya acide igura amadorari 200 - 400 kuri kilowati, hafi imwe - kimwe cya gatatu cyibiciro bya lithium, bigatuma bikurura ingengo yimari - ibyashizweho cyangwa sisitemu yo kubika gusa ikoreshwa gake.
Ubucuruzi bwinzira yubucuruzi - off irakomeye. Kurongora - bateri ya aside itanga 500 - 1.000 inzinguzingo ya 50% byubujyakuzimu mbere yuko ubushobozi bugabanuka cyane. Gusohora byimbitse bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kubaho. Iyi mbogamizi isobanura gurş-aside ikora neza mugusubiramo byihutirwa kuruta gusiganwa ku magare buri munsi kuri kamarampaka ya TOU.
Ibisabwa byo kubungabunga biratandukanye cyane. Amashanyarazi yuzuye - bateri ya acide ikenera igenzura ryamazi ya buri kwezi no gusukura itumanaho. Gufunga AGM cyangwa Gel byafunzwe bikuraho kubungabunga ariko bigura 30-50% kurenza ubwoko bwuzuye. Kubafite amazu badashaka gukora buri gihe, ibintu bifunze cyangwa sisitemu ya lithium ni ngombwa.
Umwanya hamwe nuburemere bifite akamaro. Kurongora - bateri ya aside ipima inshuro 2 - inshuro 3 kurenza lithium kuri kilowati yabitswe kandi ifata umwanya wongeyeho. Banki ya kilowati 20 ya aside-aside irashobora gupima kg 500-700 kandi igasaba imbaraga zo hasi, mugihe sisitemu ya lithium ihwanye na kg 150-200 kandi ikazamuka kurukuta.
Ingano ya Sisitemu no Gutegura Ubushobozi
Ingano ya bateri ikwiye irinda amakosa ahenze. Sisitemu idahwitse itesha agaciro abakoresha igihe cyo gusubira inyuma kidahagije, mugihe sisitemu nini itakaza amafaranga kubushobozi budakoreshwa.
Kubara ibyo ukeneye mububiko
Tangira ukoresheje impuzandengo yawe ya buri munsi uhereye kuri fagitire zingirakamaro. Urugo rusanzwe rwo muri Amerika rukoresha 30 kWh buri munsi, nubwo ibi bitandukanye cyane nikirere, ingano y'urugo, n'imibereho. Ongera usuzume amezi 12 yimishinga kugirango umenye ibihe byigihe; gukonjesha cyangwa gushyushya imbeho akenshi bikuba kabiri mumezi runaka.
Menya intego zawe zo kumanura igihe. Amasaha umunani yumutwaro wingenzi kugirango umuriro ubuze bisaba ubushobozi butandukanye niminsi itatu yo kwigenga kwuzuye. Kumunani umunani - gusubira inyuma, menya imitwaro iremereye yenda 1 - 2 kW ikomeza gushushanya, bisaba kubika 8-16 kWh. Kubwigenge bwiminsi itatu, uzakenera 60-90 kWh ubushobozi, budakwiye kandi buhenze kubisabwa byinshi.
Imirasire y'izuba igira uruhare runini mububiko. Imirasire y'izuba 7 kW itanga 35 kWh buri munsi mubihe by'izuba bitanga ingufu zirenze urugero zo kubika. Niba urugo rwawe rukoresha 25 kWh buri munsi, ibyo bisiga 10 kWh kuboneka kuri bateri. Ingano ya bateri yawe kugirango ufate ibi birenze utarenze kurenza ibyo paneli yawe ishobora kwishura neza.
Ubujyakuzimu bugarukira ku bushobozi bukoreshwa. Sisitemu ya Litiyumu isohoka neza kuri 80 - 95% yubushobozi bwagenwe, mugihe aside - aside igomba guhagarara kuri 50%. Batiri ya 13.5 kWh ya litiro itanga 11.5-12.8 kWh ikoreshwa, mugihe bateri ya 13.5 kWt ya aside-aside itanga 6.7 kWh gusa. Buri gihe ubare ushingiye kubikoreshwa, ntibipimwe, ubushobozi.
Guhitamo no Kwagura Amahitamo
Sisitemu ya modula yemerera ubushobozi kwiyongera nkuko bikenewe guhinduka. Tesla Powerwall 3, Enphase Bateri ya IQ, hamwe na sisitemu nyinshi za lithium zifasha kongeramo ibice byiyongera. Ihinduka ryagufasha gutangirana na 10-13.5 kWh imwe hanyuma ukaguka kuri 20-40 kWh nyuma udasimbuye ibikoresho.
AC - sisitemu ihujwe itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kwaguka. Buri bateri ikora yigenga hamwe na inverter yayo, bityo kongera ubushobozi bisaba gusa gushiraho ibice byongeweho no kuvugurura sisitemu. DC - sisitemu ihujwe irashobora kugira ubushobozi bwa inverter imipaka igabanya ingano ya bateri yose. Inverter ya 7,6 kWt irashobora gushyigikira 20-25 kWh yubushobozi bwa bateri utitaye kubice ushaka guhuza.
Igiciro - gukora neza kwaguka biterwa nigihe cyawe. Kugura sisitemu nini imbere mubisanzwe igura make kuri kilowati kuruta kwiyongera. Sisitemu imwe ya 27 kWh ishobora kugura amadolari 20.000 yashyizweho, mugihe sisitemu ebyiri 13.5 kWh zashyizwe hamwe hamwe hamwe $ 24,000-26,000. Ariko, niba utazi neza ibikenewe ejo hazaza, gutangira bito bigabanya igishoro cyambere kiri mukaga.
Teganya ibintu byukuri byo gukura. Niba ushobora kongeramo EV mumyaka 2-3, ikintu muburyo bwa mbere cyangwa kwemeza sisitemu wahisemo ishyigikira kwaguka byoroshye. Niba imbaraga zawe zikeneye zihamye kandi zidashoboka guhinduka, ingano nziza kubyo ukoresha birinda kwishyura ubushobozi budakoreshwa.
Guhuza Ubwubatsi: AC vs DC
Iyo usuzumye ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba, AC hamwe nicyemezo cyo guhuza DC bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere, ikiguzi, no kugorana. Kugereranya ningirakamaro mugukoresha igihe kirekire - mikorere ya sisitemu.
Ibitekerezo Byiza
DC - sisitemu ihujwe igabanya igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu. Imirasire y'izuba DC isohora bateri mu buryo butaziguye, hamwe na kimwe gusa gihinduka kuri AC mugihe ukoresha imizigo murugo. Iyi nzira itaziguye igera kuri 97-98% muri rusange, bivuze ko 2-3% yingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba yabuze ubushyuhe mugihe cyo guhinduka.
AC - sisitemu ihujwe isaba guhinduka kwinshi guhuza igihombo cyiza. Imirasire y'izuba ihinduka AC binyuze mumirasire y'izuba, hanyuma igasubira muri DC ikoresheje inverteri ya batiri kugirango ibike, hanyuma amaherezo ikongera ikagera kuri AC mugihe cyo gusohora. Buri gihinduka gitakaza hafi 3-4%, bikavamo gukora neza 90-94%. Kurenza imyaka 10 yo gusiganwa ku magare buri munsi, iri tandukaniro 4-8% risobanura imyanda ikomeye.
Ikinyuranyo cyibikorwa byingenzi cyane kumagare ya buri munsi. Ba nyiri amazu bakoresha ububiko cyane cyane kuri TOU arbitrage cycle bateri zabo inshuro 300-365 buri mwaka. Inyungu ya 6% yo guhuza DC ikiza hafi 0,6 kWh kuri buri cyiciro muri sisitemu ya 10 kWh. Kuzenguruka hejuru ya 3.500 mumyaka 10, iyo ni 2,100 kWh yingufu zikoreshwa, zifite agaciro ka $ 300-700 bitewe nigipimo cyamashanyarazi.
Kuri backup - gusa porogaramu yazengurutse gake, itandukaniro ryimikorere riba rito. Batare isohoka inshuro 10 buri mwaka kugirango ibuze itakaza 20 - 30 kWh gusa mu myaka icumi kubera imikorere idahwitse ya AC. Ku $ 0.15 kuri kilowati, ayo ni $ 3-4.50 mu mbaraga zasesaguwe, ntaho bihuriye ugereranije nigiciro cya sisitemu hamwe nagaciro kayo.
Kwinjiza no Kugarura ibintu
Imirasire y'izuba mishya igomba guhinduka kuri DC {{0} systems sisitemu ihujwe keretse ibihe byihariye biteganya ukundi. Uburyo bukomatanyije bukoresha imashini ivanga imirasire y'izuba ndetse no gucunga bateri, kugabanya ibiciro by'amadorari $ 1.500-3000 ugereranije n'izuba ritandukanya izuba na batiri.
Ibihe bya retrofit bifasha AC - sisitemu ihujwe cyane. Imirasire y'izuba iriho ikomeza gukora mubisanzwe, kandi sisitemu ya bateri yongeraho ukwayo itabangamiye ibikoresho bikora. Gucomeka - na - uburyo bwo gukina bugabanya igihe cyo kwishyiriraho, amafaranga yumurimo, hamwe ningaruka zo guhura nibibazo.
Inzitizi zifatika zifatika rimwe na rimwe zitegeka guhitamo guhuza. DC - sisitemu ihujwe isaba bateri ziri hafi ya Hybrid inverter, mubisanzwe muri metero 5 - metero 10 kubera imbaraga za DC zagabanutse hejuru yumurongo muremure. Batteri ihujwe na AC irashobora gushira ahantu hose muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ndetse na metero amagana uvuye kumirasire y'izuba nibiba ngombwa.
Amashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho byingirakamaro bisabwa rimwe na rimwe bikunda inzira imwe. Ibikorwa bimwe bishyiraho imipaka kubushobozi bwa inverter yose ihujwe na gride. Sisitemu DC - ihujwe na sisitemu imwe ya Hybrid inverter irashobora kunyerera munsi yibi mbibi aho imirasire yizuba itandukanye na batiri irenze. Baza uwashizeho ibyerekeranye nibitekerezo byaho mbere yo gufata icyemezo.
Isesengura ryibiciro hamwe nubushake bwamafaranga
Kugereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba bisaba gusobanukirwa ishusho yimari yuzuye, igena igihe cyiza cyo kugereranya kandi igafasha kumenya igiciro cyinshi - ubwoko bwa sisitemu nziza.
Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite
Ibiciro byambere kuri sisitemu ya batiri yo guturamo iratandukanye cyane kubushobozi na chimie. Sisitemu ya litiro 10 kWh isanzwe igura $ 8,000-12,000 yashizwemo, harimo bateri, inverter, imirimo yo kwishyiriraho, imirimo y'amashanyarazi, no kubemerera. Gupima ko kugeza kuri 20 kWh hamwe nigiciro cyiyongera kugera kuri $ 14,000-20,000, nubwo bitagaragara neza kubera ibiciro byagenwe byagenwe.
Ibiciro byihishe bifata banyiri amazu - izamu. Kuzamura amashanyarazi nyamukuru asabwa kugirango yakire sisitemu ya batiri yongereho $ 1.500 - 3000. Guhindura muburyo bwo gushiraho bateri, cyane cyane kuri sisitemu iremereye-acide, igura $ 500-2,000. Guhuza urugo rwubwenge, sisitemu yo gukurikirana, hamwe nibikoresho byitumanaho byongera $ 300-800. Bije wongeyeho 15-25% birenze bateri yavuzwe hamwe na inverter igiciro cyinyongera.
Amafaranga yo gufata neza aratandukanye na chimie. Sisitemu ya Litiyumu isaba cyane cyane kubungabunga zeru kurenza rimwe na rimwe ivugurura rya software icungwa kure. Kurongora - bateri ya aside isaba kugenzurwa buri kwezi, kongeramo amazi buri gihe (kubwoko bwuzuye), no gusukura itumanaho, bitwara amasaha 5-10 buri mwaka yigihe cyawe cyangwa $ 300-500 buri mwaka niba ukoresha abanyamwuga.
Amafaranga yo gusimbuza afite imyaka 10 - imyaka 15 hanze. Batteri nyinshi zo guturamo zitwara garanti yimyaka 10 yemeza ko 60-70% igumana ubushobozi. Umwaka wa 12-15, ubushobozi bushobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 40-50% yumwimerere, bisaba gusimburwa. Factor $ 8,000-15,000 mugiciro kizaza mugihe ubara sisitemu yubukungu. Gusimbuza aside-aside bibaho vuba cyane, nyuma yimyaka 5-7 gusa yo gusiganwa ku magare.
Gutezimbere
Inguzanyo y’imisoro n’ishoramari itanga 30% igaruka kuri sisitemu yizuba hamwe nububiko bwashyizweho kugeza mu 2032. Amadolari 30.000 $ - hiyongereyeho - kwishyiriraho ububiko bitanga inguzanyo y’imisoro 9,000, ariko gusa niba ufite imisoro ihagije. Inguzanyo ntabwo - isubizwa, niba rero ugomba kwishyura amadolari atarenga 9000 mumisoro ya reta, inguzanyo irenze itwara imyaka iri imbere.
Leta hamwe n’ibanze bitera inkunga hejuru yinyungu rusange. Porogaramu ya SGIP ya Californiya itanga $ 0.15 - 0.25 kuri watt - isaha yubushobozi bwa bateri, birashoboka ko yagarura $ 1.500-2,500 kuri sisitemu ya 10 kWh. Massachusetts itanga amadorari agera ku 1.000 kuri buri mushinga binyuze muri gahunda yayo yo guteza imbere izuba SMART. Gahunda ya NY-Sun ya New York ikubiyemo amafaranga agera kuri 40% yo kubika mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Ingirakamaro - gahunda zihariye wongereho urundi rwego rwo gushimangira. Green Mountain Power muri Vermont itanga kuzana - gahunda yawe - nyirizina - gahunda ya bateri yishura ba nyiri amazu kubikorwa bya serivise. Porogaramu yo gusubiza mu majyepfo ya Californiya Edison yishyura abafite bateri kubemerera kugenzura ibikorwa mugihe cyibisabwa. Izi porogaramu zishobora kwinjiza $ 200-800 buri mwaka mumafaranga yinjira.
Igihe - ubushake buke butera byihutirwa mugihe cyo kugereranya. Federal 30% ITC iramanuka igera kuri 26% muri 2033 na 22% muri 2034, igabanya inyungu ibihumbi byamadorari kuri sisitemu isanzwe. SGIP ya Californiya yarangije gutanga ingengo yimari inshuro nyinshi, bituma habaho kuboneka bitateganijwe. Iyo gushimisha gushimishije bibaho, gereranya kandi uhitemo vuba mbere yuko amafaranga abura.
Imiyoboro Yigenga vs Grid - Inyungu Zihambiriwe
Umubano wawe na gride yingirakamaro muburyo bwubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba zitanga agaciro keza mubihe byihariye.
Hanze - Ibisabwa
Nukuri - grid kubaho bisaba sisitemu nini ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu byinshi. Hatabayeho kugarura gride, bateri yawe igomba gukora iminsi myinshi ikurikiranye mugihe izuba ryagabanutse 70-90%. Urugo rukoresha 30 kWh buri munsi rukenera 90-120 kWh yo kubika bateri kugirango ikirere cyiminsi itatu yibicu, igura $ 60.000-100.000 kuri bateri yonyine.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa generator biba ngombwa kuri off- grid kwizerwa. Imashini itanga ibyuma bingana na 7-10 kW irashobora kwishyuza bateri mugihe umusaruro wizuba ukomeje kuba udahagije mugihe kinini. Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid butuma banki ntoya, ihendutse ya banki ya 40-60 kWh, igabanya ibiciro byambere $ 30.000-50.000 mugihe gikomeza kwizerwa.
Sisitemu yo gucunga imizigo igabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri ikenewe hifashishijwe igenzura ryubwenge butari - imitwaro ikomeye. Mugihe gito - uburyo bwo kwishyuza, sisitemu ihita isuka imitwaro iremereye nkubushyuhe bwamazi, koza / yumisha, cyangwa amashanyarazi ya EV, ikabika ubushobozi bwa bateri kubintu bikenewe. Aba bagenzuzi bagura $ 1.500-3,000 ariko barashobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri busabwa 20-30%.
Hanze - sisitemu ya gride yunguka cyane DC guhuza. Hatariho umuyoboro wa gride, nta nyungu zo guhuza AC guhuza retrofit guhinduka, kandi imbaraga za DC zihuza imbaraga zirinda watt zose zishoboka zituruka kumirasire y'izuba. Kwiyongera kwingirakamaro biba ingirakamaro mugihe ubushobozi bwa bateri bugarukira kandi buri kilowatt - ibara.
Imiyoboro - Guhuza Optimisiyoneri
Grid - sisitemu ihujwe hamwe nubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma itanga ibyiza byisi byombi. Kohereza izuba rirenze kuri gride mugihe gisanzwe, winjiza inguzanyo cyangwa winjiza, mugihe ukomeza imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mugihe cyacitse. Ingano ya Bateri irashobora kuba yoroheje, wenda 10-20 kWh, kubera ko gride itanga umutekano wibanze.
Ubushobozi bwizinga bugena niba sisitemu yizuba ikomeza gukora mugihe cya gride. Utarinze kwirwa, inverter yawe yizuba ihita izimya mugihe cyumwijima kugirango umutekano ubeho, ugasiga panne yawe ntacyo imaze kugeza amashanyarazi agarutse. Sisitemu ya bateri ifite ubushobozi bwo kwizinga ituma izuba ryanyu rikomeza kubyara, kwishyuza bateri mugihe cyumunsi -.
Ububiko bwibikubiyemo butandukanya ibintu bikomeye kandi bitari - inzitizi zikomeye. Mugihe cyo kubura, ingufu za bateri zifite gusa imizigo ikomeye yashizwe kumurongo winyuma, ikongerera igihe cya bateri. Urashobora gukoresha firigo ya firigo, interineti, itara, hanyuma ugahitamo gusohoka kumwanya winyuma mugihe usize icyuma gikonjesha, ibyuma byamashanyarazi, nindi mitwaro iremereye kumwanya munini.
Porogaramu ya Virtual Power Plant ihindura bateri yawe yinjiza - ibyara umutungo. Ibikorwa cyangwa icya gatatu - abaterankunga b'ishyaka baraguha indishyi zo kubemerera gusohora bateri yawe mugihe cyibibazo bya grid grid. Tesla, Sunrun, nabandi batanga batanga progaramu yishyura amadorari 200-800 buri mwaka mugihe mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka kumateri yawe iminsi 10-20 gusa kumwaka.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nakagereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba mbere yo gushiraho imirasire yizuba cyangwa nyuma?
Gushyira ububiko bwa batiri icyarimwe hamwe nizuba bitanga inyungu zikomeye mugiciro, gukora neza, no guhuza sisitemu. Sisitemu ya DC - yashyizwe hamwe mubisanzwe izigama $ 3.000 - 5,000 ugereranije no kongera ububiko nyuma, cyane cyane binyuze mu kwirinda imirimo yo kwigana, kubemerera, no gukora amashanyarazi. Uburyo bukomatanyije bugera kuri 97-98% sisitemu ikora neza na 90-94% kuri AC-ifatanije na retrofits yongeyeho nyuma. Ariko, niba ingengo yimari idahwitse, gushiraho izuba mbere no kongeramo ububiko mugihe cyimyaka 2-3 bikomeje kuba inzira nziza, cyane cyane mukarere gafite politiki nziza yo gupima net ituma ububiko bwihutirwa mubukungu.
Nabwirwa n'iki ko imiterere yingirakamaro yingirakamaro ifite ububiko bwa batiri?
Kubara impinga ihwanye na - igipimo cyo gutandukanya igipimo cyikubye inshuro ya buri mwaka - ukoresha amasaha. Niba iki gicuruzwa kirenga $ 1.500 - 2000 buri mwaka, ububiko bwa batiri bwishyura ubwabwo mugihe cya garanti ya sisitemu. Kurugero, abakiriya ba Californiya TOU bakoresha 30 kWh buri munsi mugihe cyamasaha ya $ 0.50 kuri kilowati barashobora kuzigama hafi $ 2,500-3500 buri mwaka bahinduranya ingufu zizuba zibitswe. Ku rundi ruhande, abakiriya boroheje bishyura amadolari 0.10 kuri kilowati batitaye ku gihe ntibakunze kugera ku bukungu bwiza buturuka ku bubiko bushingiye gusa ku bukemurampaka bw’ibiciro, nubwo imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma n’ubwigenge bw’ingufu zishobora kuba zifite ishingiro ry’ishoramari.
Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwa bateri nkeneye kugirango mbone imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mugihe cyo kubura?
Menya imbaraga zawe zikomeye zishushanya hamwe nigihe cyo gusubira inyuma, hanyuma ugwire kugirango ubone ubushobozi bukenewe. Ubusanzwe imitwaro ikomeye igizwe na firigo (200W), interineti na router (50W), itara rya LED (100W), hamwe no guhitamo ibicuruzwa (200W) byose hamwe bigera kuri watt 550. Mugihe cyamasaha 12 yo kugarura ibintu, ukeneye 6,6 kWh yubushobozi bwakoreshwa, byerekana bateri 10 kWh ibara uburebure - ya - ntarengwa yo gusohora. Kumara igihe kinini bimara iminsi myinshi, menya neza ko izuba ryanyu rishobora kwaka bateri hagati ya saa sita na mugitondo, mubisanzwe bisaba amasaha 4-6 yumucyo wizuba kuri bateri 10-15 kWh ifite ubushobozi buhagije.
Bateri yizuba ituye imara igihe kingana iki?
Litiyumu - bateri ya ion mubisanzwe imara imyaka 10 - 15 cyangwa 4000 - 6,000 yuzuye yuzuye / isohoka, niyo iza mbere. Ubutabire bwa LFP mubusanzwe bugera kuri 6, 000+, mugihe imiti ya NMC itanga 4000-5,000. Ababikora mubisanzwe basaba ubushobozi bwo kugumana 60-70% nyuma yimyaka 10. Bateri ya aside-acide imara igihe gito cyane, igera kuri 500-1000 yikuzimu kuri 50% byubujyakuzimu, bivuze imyaka 3-5 hamwe nigare rya buri munsi. Ubuzima busanzwe bwisi buratandukana bitewe nubushyuhe bwo gukora, ubujyakuzimu bwamazi, hamwe nigipimo cyo kwishyuza / gusohora, hamwe na bateri mu kirere giciriritse no gusiganwa ku magare bikomeza kumara igihe kirekire kuruta uko ibintu bimeze nabi cyangwa gukoresha buri munsi.
Igihe cyiza cyo kugereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizuba zihuza nibintu byihariye byubuzima hamwe nimpinduka aho kuba amatariki uko bishakiye. Imirasire y'izuba mishya itanga amahirwe asukuye kuri sisitemu ihuriweho, mugihe imiterere yimiterere ihinduka, guhagarara kenshi, cyangwa ihinduka rikomeye ryubuzima bitera impamvu zikomeye zo gusuzuma amahitamo yabitswe. Gusobanukirwa ibipimo byingirakamaro, kugarura imbaraga zisabwa, hamwe nintego ndende - intego zingufu zikuyobora muburyo bwa sisitemu nubushobozi bukwiye.
Inkunga y'amafaranga yongerera byihutirwa inzira yo kugereranya. Inguzanyo ya 30% ya reta, ifatanije na gahunda ya leta - muri Californiya, Massachusetts, New York, no mu zindi ntara, igabanya cyane ibiciro byinjira ariko ikora mugihe gito. Ikoranabuhanga rya Batteri rikomeje gutera imbere, hamwe na chimisties yatezimbere hamwe nigiciro gito kigaragara buri gihe, nubwo gutegereza ikoranabuhanga "ryiza" akenshi bivuze kubura imbaraga zubu zifite agaciro k'amadorari ibihumbi.
Inkomoko yamakuru:
Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe kongera ingufu (IRENA) - Isesengura ryibiciro bya Batiri 2024
Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika - Kwinjiza izuba hamwe n’ibarurishamibare
Laboratoire yigihugu ishobora kuvugururwa (NREL) - PVWatts hamwe namakuru yububiko
Komisiyo ishinzwe ibikorwa rusange muri Californiya - NEM 3.0 Amakuru yo Gushyira mu bikorwa
IngufuSage - Raporo yisoko yumuriro wa Batiri 2024-2025