Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride iraboneka binyuze mubucuruzi bwihariye bwo kumurongo, abakwirakwiza ibikoresho byizuba, abakora ibicuruzwa bitaziguye, hamwe nabashinzwe kwemeza bakorera kumasoko yo guturamo ndetse nubucuruzi. Umuyoboro ukwiye wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride biterwa nubuhanga bwawe bwa tekinike, ingano ya sisitemu, kandi niba ukeneye inkunga yo kwishyiriraho umwuga.
Abacuruzi Byihariye Kumurongo
Ububiko bwibikoresho byizuba kumurongo byahindutse umuyoboro wambere wo kugura sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride, itanga ibiciro byapiganwa no guhitamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bitagira aho bigarukira.
BigBattery iyoboye isoko ryo muri Amerika kuri - kugeza kuri - sisitemu ya batiri ya lithium y’abaguzi, kabuhariwe muri chimie ya LiFePO4 itanga inzinguzingo 5000 kugeza 8000 ugereranije n’inzinguzingo 500 ziva muri batiri gakondo - acide. Kureka - umurongo wa gride urimo banki ya batiri yabanjirije - igizwe na sisitemu ya 24V kugeza 48V, hamwe nibiciro kuri kilowatt - isaha ihora munsi ugereranije nabanywanyi bacuruza. Ibicuruzwa byose byoherejwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri kandi ikorerwa imbere mu gihugu hamwe na UL ibyemezo.
Ububiko bwa Off Grid bukora nkisoko ryuzuye, ryegeranya ibicuruzwa biva mubikorwa byinshi birimo Renogy, EcoFlow, na Solar Rich. Ihuriro ryemerera uruhande - na - kugereranya kuruhande nibisobanuro nyabyo byabakiriya. Ibarura ryabo ntabwo ririmo bateri gusa ahubwo ryuzuye sisitemu yuzuye - abagenzuzi bishyuza, inverter, nibikoresho byo kugenzura - bituma imwe - ihagarika amasoko. Kohereza ni ubuntu kubicuruzwa birenze bateri ebyiri mukarere katoranijwe, kugabanya ibiciro byumushinga 8-12%.
Intambara Yavutse Batteri yakoze icyuho mumirenge ya RV ninyanja ariko ikora sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride neza. Lithium yabo ya 12V na 24V - ion module irashobora gushyirwaho muri sisitemu ya 12V, 24V, 36V, cyangwa 48V binyuze murukurikirane no guhuza. Isosiyete itanga inama kubuhanga kubuntu binyuze muri US - inzobere mu kugurisha zishushanya ibishushanyo mbonera ukurikije uburyo ukoresha buri munsi. Iyi serivisi irerekana ko ari ntangarugero kubwa mbere - igihe cyo kubaka gride idafite amashanyarazi.
Umukono Solar itanga serivise zikomeye - imishinga ya gride isaba amabanki menshi ya -. Byuzuye byuzuye - grid kits bundle imirasire yizuba, ibyuma byubaka, bateri, imashini ihinduranya, hamwe na cabling yose ikenewe. Ipaki ya pake ikuraho ibibazo bihuza ibice byangiza imishinga ya DIY. Isosiyete ibitse sisitemu ya EG4, Victron, na Growatt, hamwe na - ibikoresho bya tekiniki yo kuyobora kuyobora. Kubikorwa birenga 20kWh ubushobozi bwo kubika, batanga kugabanura amajwi agera kuri 15-18%.
Ububiko bw'izuba bwibanda ku gishushanyo cya sisitemu hejuru y'ibice bitandukanye. Iyo utanze aho uherereye, amakuru yo gukoresha ingufu, hamwe nibisabwa igihe cyo kumara, itsinda ryabo ritanga ijambo ryihariye hamwe nibikoresho byatoranijwe neza kugirango ikirere cyawe gikorwe. Iyi nama - uburyo bwa mbere bugabanya - kugura - ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mugihe abakiriya ubwabo - sisitemu yo gushushanya ishingiye kubintu bibi -.
Imiyoboro itaziguye
Kugura sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride biturutse kubakora bateri bitanga inyungu zigiciro ninyungu za garanti, nubwo bisaba ubumenyi bwubuhanga bwo guhitamo ibice bihuye.
Tesla Energy ikora binyuze mumurongo wabacuruzi ariko kandi igurisha sisitemu ya Powerwall 3 yerekeza kubaguzi babishoboye. Powerwall 3 ihuza ububiko bwa batiri hamwe na Hybrid inverter imikorere murwego rumwe 13.5kWh, bikuraho ibikenerwa kugura inverter zitandukanye. DC {5} Uburyo bwa Tesla burimo kwishyiriraho umwuga, ariko kwishyiriraho - birashoboka kubashinzwe amashanyarazi babifitemo uruhushya, kugabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu hafi $ 3.000-5,000.
Enphase Ingufu ziherutse kwinjira mu isoko rya - hamwe na sisitemu yuzuye ihuza ibice bya IQ Battery 5P, microinverters ya IQ8 hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya Sunlight JumpStart, hamwe no guhuza amashanyarazi. Agaciro kihariye kabo ni modular scalability - sisitemu itangirira kuri 5kWh ikaguka kuri 40kWh wongeyeho ibice bya batiri. Ikirangantego cya Sunlight JumpStart ihita itangira sisitemu ikoresheje ingufu zizuba niba bateri zishira burundu, ikintu gikomeye cyumutekano mugushira kure. Enphase igurisha ibinyujije mubikoresho byemewe ariko igikoresho cyabacuruzi cyerekana abanyamwuga baho bafite uburambe bwa - grid sisitemu.
Fortress Power ikora bateri ya lithium fer fosifate yagereranijwe kuri 8, 000+ inzinguzingo, ikabishyira mubisubizo byigihe kirekire. Umurongo wibicuruzwa byabo birimo gutura (3 - 20kWh) hamwe nubucuruzi - igipimo (20-100kWh). Ikitandukanya Igihome ni bateri ya chimie optimizasi yubushyuhe bukabije bwa sisitemu ikora kuva kuri dogere 4 F kugeza kuri dogere 140 F idashyushya cyangwa gukonjesha ibikoresho. Ibi bituma bibera cyane mubutayu, arctique, cyangwa ibidukikije bidashyizwemo.
RICH SOLAR itanga kugura bitaziguye kurubuga rwabo hibandwa kuri DIY - ibicuruzwa byinshuti. Batteri zabo za ALPHA zirimo Bluetooth na WiFi guhuza kugenzura terefone nta byuma byongeweho. Bateri ya 48V ya seriveri ya rack yemerera guhuza ibice bigera kuri 16, gushiraho amabanki yo kubika arenga 100kWh kumazu manini - amazu ya gride cyangwa ibikorwa byubucuruzi bito. Garanti yimyaka 10 ya RICH SOLAR itangwa binyuze murusobe rwibigo byemewe byo gusana aho gusaba koherezwa.
Ingufu za Victron zikora cyane cyane kubicuruza ariko zigakomeza imiyoboro yisi yose igerwaho binyuze kurubuga rwabo. Ibikoresho bya Victron bifatwa nkibipimo byinganda kubidukikije - bidukikije - imiyoboro ya gride -, ubwato bwitumanaho rya kure, hamwe n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Ibikoresho byabo byo gukurikirana GX bitanga igicu - bishingiye kuri sisitemu yo kuyobora, itanga kwisuzumisha kure no gukora neza. Umuyoboro wagabanijwe bisobanura inkunga yaho iboneka mu turere twateye imbere.
Imiyoboro yabigize umwuga
Kubisubizo bya turnkey aho ubuhanga bwa tekinike cyangwa uruhushya rwaho bisaba uruhare rwumwuga, abashinzwe ibyemezo batanga iherezo - kugeza - serivisi zanyuma uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera.
EnergySage ikora nkisoko ihuza ba nyiri amazu hamwe na pre - zashizweho nizuba. Nyuma yo gutanga ibisobanuro byumushinga wawe, wakiriye amagambo yapiganwa kuva 3 - 5 ibigo byaho. Ihuriro rifite agaciro cyane kubiciro byavumbuwe-abakoresha mubisanzwe bazigama 20-30% ugereranije no guhitamo instinzi ya mbere bahuye. Abashiraho ingufuSage bagomba kuba bujuje ibyangombwa byibura byuburambe kandi bagakomeza kunezeza abakiriya hejuru yinyenyeri 4.0 kugirango bagume murusobe.
Ikigo cy’amajyaruguru y’Amerika gishinzwe ingufu zemewe n’ingufu (NABCEP) gikora imibare ishakishwa yabashizeho bafite impamyabumenyi ya PV. Icyemezo cya NABCEP gisaba uburambe bwanditse, gutsinda ikizamini gikomeye, no gukomeza amashuri. Iyo utanga akazi kuri - sisitemu ya gride, icyemezo cya NABCEP gitanga ibyemezo byubwiza ko uwashizeho asobanukiwe no kubika ingufu, ntabwo ari izuba gusa.
Amakoperative akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yagaragaye mu turere twinshi nk’imiryango idaharanira inyungu - igura ibikoresho - ibikoresho byo kugura no guhuza ibikorwa by’abanyamuryango. Izi co - ops zikoresha imbaraga zo kugura hamwe kugirango ziveho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride hafi ya - ibiciro byinshi. Kurugero, Koperative Ingufu Zizaza muri Minnesota yashyizeho sisitemu zirenga 500 zo guturamo - sisitemu ya gride hamwe nabanyamuryango bavuga ko 25 - 35% yazigamye ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ahagaragara. Amakoperative aratanga kandi ubufasha bwa tekiniki buhoraho hamwe nubufasha bwo gukemura ibibazo mubice byinyungu zabanyamuryango.
Hanze - Imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya gride yerekana icyiciro cya boutique yo gushiraho - ibigo bito byihariye byonyine muri off- grid porogaramu. Bikorewe muri Pennsylvania, bashushanya sisitemu yihariye ya RV, ubwato, nibintu bya kure. Agaciro kabo ni ubuhanga bwimbitse mu mbaraga - kubaho kwigenga kuruta grid - sisitemu ihujwe. Abashiraho butike bishyura igiciro cyo hejuru (mubisanzwe 15-20% hejuru yizuba risanzwe) ariko bagatanga sisitemu nziza kugirango yizere kugabanura ibiciro.
Uturere no gusaba - Inkomoko yihariye
Amasoko amwe n'amwe akoresha imanza zateje imbere urunigi rwihariye rugomba gusuzumwa ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride.
Kubikorwa bya RV hamwe ninyanja, Dakota Lithium yubatse izina rya vibrasiya - idashobora kwihanganira ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri bihanganira imashini zikoreshwa na mobile. Imyubakire yimikorere yihariye ikomeza imikorere ikoresheje 2, 000+ inzinguzingo ndetse no mugihe gihoraho. Isosiyete igurisha mu buryo butaziguye ariko kandi ikomeza umubano n’abacuruzi ba RV hamwe n’abatanga ibikoresho byo mu nyanja bashobora guhuza bateri mugihe cyo gutunganya ibinyabiziga. Uyu muyoboro ukora neza kubaguzi bashaka kwishyiriraho umwuga batabanje gukorana naba rwiyemezamirimo rusange.
Ibikorwa byubuhinzi bishakisha - imiyoboro ya pompe ya gride cyangwa sisitemu yububiko bwamashanyarazi akenshi biva mubucuruzi bwibikoresho byubuhinzi. Amasosiyete nka Tractor Supply Co hamwe na King King yo mu cyaro abitsa amabanki y’ibanze ya batiri yizuba abereye kuvomera amatungo, kuzitira amashanyarazi, nimbaraga zamahugurwa. Mugihe guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigarukira ugereranije n’abacuruzi b'izuba kabuhariwe, uburyo bwo kugura bumenyerewe ku bahinzi kandi ibiciro birushanwe kuri sisitemu ntoya - (munsi ya 5kWh).
Amasoko mpuzamahanga afite uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza. Muri Ositaraliya no muri Nouvelle-Zélande, amasosiyete nka Simply Solar agurisha ibicuruzwa byuzuye - bigenewe amashanyarazi agenewe imirasire y'izuba yo mu majyepfo y’isi. Abaguzi b’abanyaburayi basanzwe bakomoka mu gihugu - abagabuzi runaka bakora ibyemezo bya CE no kubahiriza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro. Amasoko yo muri Aziya yepfo no muri Afrika akorerwa n’inganda zidasanzwe - zikoresha ingufu za gride nka M - KOPA na d.umucyo wibanda ku buryo buhendutse no kwishyura - imiterere ya gahunda ikwiranye n’abakiriya bakizamuka ku isoko.
Abaguzi binganda nubucuruzi bagura sisitemu iri hejuru ya 100kWh mubisanzwe banyura mububiko bwingufu aho gutura - imiyoboro yibanze. Ibigo nka Fluence, Powin Energy, na Wärtsilä kabuhariwe muri kontineri - sisitemu ya bateri. Iyi mishinga isaba serivisi zubwubatsi, imiyoborere ihuza imiyoborere (ndetse no kuri - porogaramu ya gride ishobora nyuma guhuza), hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera inkunga burenze ubushobozi bwabaguzi batuye.
Gusuzuma Abatanga isoko
Abacuruzi bose ntabwo batanga ubuziranenge, serivisi, cyangwa inyandiko - inkunga yo kugura. Ibintu byinshi byerekana abatanga ibyiringiro bikwiye gusuzumwa.
Igihe cya garanti cyerekana uwabikoze kwizera kuramba kubicuruzwa. Garanti yibanze ikubiyemo imyaka 5, ariko abatanga premium nka Fortress Power na BigBattery batanga 10 - umwaka. Icyitonderwa, suzuma icyo garanti ikubiyemo-bamwe basimbuza bateri zifite inenge mugihe izindi zitwikiriye ubushobozi buke munsi yurugero rwateganijwe (mubisanzwe 70-80% yubushobozi bwumwimerere). Garanti nziza zirimo amafaranga yumurimo yo gusimburwa, ntabwo ari ibice gusa.
Garuka politiki ifite akamaro mugihe uguze sisitemu ya bateri ihenze. Abacuruzi bazwi kumurongo batanga amadirishya yiminsi 30 yo kugaruka hamwe namafaranga make yo kugaruka (munsi ya 5%). Uku kurinda ni ngombwa kuko ibibazo byo guhuza bateri rimwe na rimwe bigaragara gusa mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Abacuruzi bafite politiki yo kugaruza ibicuruzwa ("ibicuruzwa byose byanyuma" cyangwa 25% + amafaranga yo kugarura) bagomba kubyutsa impungenge zijyanye nubwiza bwibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zabakiriya byihutirwa.
Inkunga ya tekiniki iboneka itandukanya abatanga premium nabacuruzi bije. Shakisha ibigo bitanga inkunga ya terefone hamwe nabakozi babizi (ntabwo ari ugutumiza - gufata ibigo byita), amabwiriza yo kwishyiriraho yihariye ibikoresho waguze, hamwe nubufasha bwa sisitemu. Urugero, Bateri Yavutse Bateri, ikomeza mu nzu - Inzobere mu kugurisha tekinike isuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera by’amashanyarazi kandi ikanatanga inama yo kunonosora mbere yo kugura - iyi serivisi yabujije amadorari ibihumbi n’amakosa ku bashiraho DIY batabarika.
Icya gatatu - isubiramo ryishyaka kurubuga nka Biro nziza yubucuruzi, Trustpilot, cyangwa Google Isubiramo itanga uburambe bwabakiriya. Wibande kubisobanuro biganira kuri post - ibibazo byubuguzi nuburyo sosiyete yakemuye ibibazo. Isubiramo ribi risanzwe, ariko uburyo bwibibazo bidakemutse cyangwa kwirwanaho kwamasosiyete byerekana abacuruzi kwirinda. Ibigo bifite 4+ impuzandengo yinyenyeri hejuru ya 100+ isubiramo itanga ubunararibonye bwabakiriya.
Icyemezo no kubahiriza ibimenyetso byerekana umutekano wibicuruzwa. UL 1973 (umutekano wa bateri) hamwe na UL 9540 (sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za sisitemu) byemeza ibizamini byigenga. Kuri gride - sisitemu yoguhuza (ndetse no kuri - sisitemu ya gride ishobora guhuza nyuma), UL 1741 - SA icyemezo cyemeza ko inverter yubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya IEEE 1547. Ibikoresho bitemewe birashobora kuba bihendutse ariko bigatera ibibazo byuburyozwe kandi birashobora gukuraho politiki yubwishingizi bwa nyirurugo.
Ibiciro Byatekerejwe Kumurongo
Ibiciro biratandukanye cyane bishingiye kumasoko aturuka, bigatanga amahirwe yo kuzigama cyane binyuze mubiguzi byingenzi.
Abacuruzi bo kumurongo mubisanzwe batanga ibikoresho byo hasi - banki ya batiri ya litiro iri hagati ya $ 400-750 kuri kilowati yububiko. Sisitemu ya 10kWh igura $ 4,000-7,500 bitewe nibiranga n'ibiranga. Kohereza byongera $ 100-500 kuri sisitemu ya batiri kubera uburemere nibisabwa bya hazmat.
Ibiciro byabashoramari bitaziguye bigwa murwego rwo hagati. Tesla Powerwall 3 igura hafi $ 9.200 kuri 13.5kWh (hafi $ 680 / kWt) ariko ikubiyemo inverter ihuriweho (ifite agaciro ka $ 2000-3000 ukwayo). Sisitemu ya Enphase igura $ 850-950 / kWt ariko igishushanyo mbonera cyabo cyemerera kongera ubushobozi bwiyongera nkuko ingengo yimishinga ibemerera.
Gusubiramo ibintu bya Turnkey nibyo byiciro byisumbuyeho - ariko bikubiyemo igishushanyo, uruhushya, imirimo yo kwishyiriraho, hamwe na komisiyo ishinzwe. Byuzuye byuzuye - sisitemu ya gride mubisanzwe igura $ 1,200-2,000 / kWh kubisaba gutura. Sisitemu ya 20kWh ifite imirasire y'izuba hamwe nibice byose byashyizweho igura $ 30.000-50.000 bitewe nurwego rugoye hamwe nigipimo cyabakozi. Nyamara, sisitemu zashyizweho zujuje ibisabwa 30% by’inguzanyo z’ishoramari ry’izuba (ITC) muri Amerika, bigabanya ibiciro by’amadolari ibihumbi.
Igiciro kuri kilowati cyerekana ibipimo nyabyo byo kugereranya kubatanga isoko. Kubara mugabanye ibiciro byose bya sisitemu kubushobozi bukoreshwa. Wibuke ko ubushobozi bukoreshwa butandukanye nubushobozi bwagenwe - batteri ya lithium isohora neza 90 - 95% yubushobozi bwabo bwagenwe, mugihe bateri ya - acide igomba gusohora 50% gusa kugirango ibungabunge kuramba. Batiri ya 10kWh ya litiro itanga 9-9.5kWh ububiko bukoreshwa; bateri ya 10kWh ya aside-aside itanga ububiko bwa 5kWh gusa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nshobora kugura bateri ya gride mububiko bunini bwububiko nka Home Depot cyangwa Lowe?
Abacuruzi benshi batezimbere amazu bafite ububiko bwa batiri ntarengwa, mubisanzwe bito 12V bikwiranye na RV cyangwa pompe zivoma, ntabwo byose - murugo sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride. Ibarura ryabo ryibanda kuri generator zigendanwa hamwe na bateri zinyuma munsi ya 5kWh. Kubintu bikomeye off- gushiraho amashanyarazi bisaba ububiko bwa 10kWh +, abadandaza b'izuba kabuhariwe batanga amahitamo meza, ibiciro, hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki.
Nkeneye kugura bateri na panneaux solaire kubitanga bimwe?
Oya. Ibigezweho byinshi - ibice bya gride bikurikiza amahame yinganda yemerera kuvanga - na - ibishushanyo mbonera. Ariko, kugura sisitemu yuzuye kubacuruzi umwe byemeza guhuza no koroshya garanti niba ibibazo bivutse. Niba ugura ibice bitandukanye, genzura voltage ihuza (12V, 24V, cyangwa 48V) hanyuma urebe ko umugenzuzi wawe ashobora kuguha imirasire y'izuba hamwe na banki ya batiri.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kugura kumurongo hamwe nubushakashatsi bwaho?
Kugura kumurongo bitanga 20 - 35% igiciro cyibikoresho byo hasi ariko bisaba ubuhanga bwo kwishyiriraho DIY cyangwa guha akazi imirimo itandukanye. Abashiraho baho batanga serivise ya turkey harimo igishushanyo, kwemerera, kwishyiriraho, hamwe nubufasha bwa nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, ariko kubiciro byose birenze. Reba kugura kumurongo kuri sisitemu nto (munsi ya 10kWh) cyangwa niba ufite uburambe bwamashanyarazi; koresha abashiraho sisitemu igoye, kubura ubuhanga bwa tekiniki, cyangwa mugihe ibyemezo byaho bisaba uruhare rwabashoramari babifitemo uruhushya.
Nigute nabona abashiraho bafite uburambe kuri sisitemu ya - aho kuba gride isanzwe - izuba rifatanije?
Shakisha NABCEP - ushyiraho ibyemezo ukoresheje ububiko bwumuryango kumurongo no kuyungurura "kubika ingufu" cyangwa "off - grid" uburambe. Baza abashobora kwishyiriraho umubare wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride bashizemo mumwaka ushize hanyuma usabe ibyerekeranye nabakiriya ba - gride byumwihariko. Sisitemu ya - sisitemu ya sisitemu isaba gutekereza kubishushanyo bitandukanye na gride - sisitemu ihujwe - abayishyizeho badafite uburambe akenshi bashimangira ubushobozi bwa bateri cyangwa kugenzura nabi nabi.
Isoko rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride ryarakuze cyane, rishyiraho inzira nyinshi zifatika zituruka kubakiriya batandukanye. Abacuruzi bo kumurongo batanga ikiguzi - abaguzi babizi bafite ubuhanga bwa tekiniki, ababikora bataziguye batanga ibisubizo bihujwe hamwe na garanti zikomeye, kandi ababigize umwuga batanga sisitemu ya turnkey hamwe ninkunga ihoraho. Isoko ry’isi ryageze kuri miliyari 9.83 z'amadolari mu 2024 bikaba biteganijwe ko rizarenga miliyari 18 z'amadolari mu 2029, bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium no kongera amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi. Iri terambere ryaguye amahitamo yabatanga mugihe azamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa na nyuma ya - inkunga yo kugurisha mumiyoboro yose.