Imicungire yubushyuhe muriakabati yo hanze - andika sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiriYerekana imwe muri disipuline yubuhanga aho ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yigitabo nigitabo cyukuri ni kinini bihagije kumira ingengo yimishinga yose. Imyitwarire ya electrochemic ya lithium fer fosifate selile - ubu chimie yiganje mububiko buhagaze - igengwa nubushuhe bwubushyuhe amakipe menshi atanga amasoko afata nkibisobanuro aho kuba imbogamizi zibanze. Gukoresha amabahasha ya dogere 15 kugeza kuri dogere 35 yumvikana neza kumpapuro kugeza igihe utangiriye inama ya 215kWh muri Phoenix muri Nyakanga, ukareba BMS igabanya umutungo wawe mushya urabagirana kugeza kuri 40% kuko umuntu yashimangiye HVAC kuri 2kW.
Ikibazo Cyubushyuhe Ntamuntu Wifuza Kuganira
Dore ukuri kutoroheye inganda zirabagirana: Batteri ya LFP ntabwo yitaye kubyo winjiza. Bita ku kuguma hagati ya dogere 20 na 30. Guma hanze y'iryo tsinda, hanyuma utangire kwishyura inyungu zingana no gutesha agaciro.
Umubare ni ubugome. Kuri buri dogere 10 hejuru ya dogere 25, ubuzima bwikiziga bugabanuka hafi kimwe cya kabiri. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ikora kuri dogere 45 - ibaho kenshi kuruta uko umuntu wese wemera mu butayu - izagera ku mbaraga zashize mu myaka itatu aho kuba umunani. Ntabwo ari ikosa ryo kuzenguruka. Numutungo uhagaze.
Kandi biragenda nabi cyane. Ubuhanga bwa LFP butangira kwerekana imbaraga ziyongereye imbere imbere ya dogere 0, bivuze ko imbeho yawe yo mu gitondo yo mu gitondo itagaragara ntakintu kimeze nkicyi cya nyuma ya saa sita. Kwishyuza munsi yo gukonjesha ingaruka za lithium zometse kuri anode - ibyangiritse bihoraho, bidasubirwaho kuburyo nta kwisubiraho bizakosorwa. BMS igomba gukumira ibi, ariko nabonye ibice byoherejwe hamwe no kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe buke - byashyizwe kuri dogere -10 mugihe urupapuro rwerekana uruganda rwerekana dogere 0. Ntamuntu wigeze ayifata kugeza igihe cy'itumba rya gatatu.
Gukonjesha ikirere: Ibisanzwe bitagomba kuba bisanzwe
Sisitemu nyinshi za C&I zoherejwe hamwe nu gahato - gucunga ubushyuhe bwikirere kuko bihendutse. Icyuma gikonjesha cya 3kW kugeza kuri 5kW cyashyizwe hejuru yinzu yinama yinama y'abaminisitiri, imiyoboro imwe n'imwe, wenda akayunguruzo ntamuntu numwe uzahindura - cyakozwe. Igiciro cyose cya BOM kuri sisitemu ya HVAC: ahari $ 2,500.
Icyuma gikonjesha cyicaye hejuru kubwimpamvu zifatika. Ubushyuhe burazamuka, bityo urwanya thermodynamic niba ugerageza gukonja uhereye hepfo. Icy'ingenzi cyane, gushungura no kubona ibyambu bya serivisi ya firigo bigomba kugerwaho nabatekinisiye badashaka gukora ibikorwa byo kuboneza urubyaro. Nigeze kuzenguruka urubuga AC y'abaministre AC yashyizwe kurwego rw'ivi kumwanya winyuma. Tekinoroji ya serivisi yanyeretse inyemezabuguzi-30% yumushahara munini wumurimo kuri buri guhamagara kubera ikibazo cyo kubona.
Gukonjesha ikirere birakora. Ntabwo aricyo kibazo. Ikibazo nuko ikora kugeza idakoze, kandi iyo binaniwe, birananirana muburyo bukurikirana ubukungu bwawe bukora.
Ubushyuhe bwa gradients nubwicanyi bwihishe. Mu kirere gisanzwe - gikonje gikonje, uzabona dogere 8 kugeza kuri 12 deltas hagati ya inlet - moderi ya batiri yo kuruhande hamwe na moteri - kuruhande. Ingirabuzimafatizo hafi yo gufata AC zishobora kuba zicaye kuri dogere 22 nziza mugihe iziri kumpera yinzira yumuyaga zirimo guteka kuri dogere 34. Inama y'abaminisitiri imwe, umwanya umwe mugihe, bitandukanye cyane nubusaza. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, ufite modules zimwe kuri 85% SOH nizindi kuri 65% SOH. Amahirwe asobanura ko kumurwi wawe O&M mugihe module yangiritse itangiye kugabanya ubushobozi bwa -.
Amakuru ya NREL kuri ibi aragayitse. Litiyumu - ingirabuzimafatizo zikora kuri dogere 30 zitakaza hafi 20% yubuzima bwabo ugereranije na selile zifite dogere 20. Kuri dogere 40, urareba kugabanuka kwa 40%. Kuri dogere 45 - ibyo bigerwaho rwose mukirere cyateguwe nabi - gikonje cyakonje mugihe cyizuba cya nyuma ya saa sita - kogosha - wagabanije ubuzima bwa bateri mo kabiri. Iyi ntabwo ari imibare. Bakomoka kubyihuse byashaje kandi byemejwe namakuru yo murwego.
Gukonjesha Amazi: Imikorere myiza, Kubabara Umutwe
Uruganda rwibanze rwamazi - sisitemu ya guverinoma ikonje byihuse kandi bifite ishingiro. Amazi - ivangwa rya glycol rinyuze mu masahani akonje yometse kuri moderi ya batiri irashobora kugera ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 2 na dogere 3 kuri paki yose. Iterambere rihinduka hejuru yo gukonjesha ikirere℃6 kugeza kuri dogere 8 (kandi akenshi ni bibi).
Fizika iroroshye: ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwamazi bwikubye inshuro enye ubw'umwuka. Urashobora kwimura ingufu zingana zumuriro hamwe nigabanuka ryinshi ryinshi. Isahani ikonje isa neza na module igaragara, ikuraho igihombo cya convective igabanya igabanuka ryumwuka - ibishushanyo bikonje. Ibintu byose bijyanye no gukonjesha amazi birarenze.
None se kuki buri biro by'abaminisitiri bidakonja -?
Ikiguzi, biragaragara. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwamazi - ishami rya chiller, pompe, amasahani akonje, pompe, glycol yuzuza, ikigega cyo kwaguka, gutahura - yongeraho $ 8,000 kugeza $ 15,000 kubiciro byabaminisitiri bitewe nubushobozi. Kuri sisitemu ya 100kWh hamwe nigiciro cyuzuye cyashizweho wenda $ 80.000, ibyo kwiyongera kwingirakamaro.
Ariko gushidikanya nyabyo bituruka kumaganya yo gukora. Amazi hafi ya - voltage DC electronics itera abantu ubwoba, kandi nta mpamvu. Glycol yamenetse imbere muri guverinoma ifite ingufu zerekana uburyo bwo kunanirwa gukonjesha umwuka bidafite. Amazi meza - akonje akoresha amazi ya dielectric cyangwa gutandukanya umubiri gukonjesha mubice byamashanyarazi, ariko nasuzumye sisitemu aho imbeho ikonje ikorera hejuru yibibaho bya BMS. Kimwe gikwiye kunanirwa kandi urimo kureba iperereza rikomeye.
Umutwaro wo gufata neza uriyongera. Amapompe arananirwa. Glycol itesha agaciro kandi ikeneye gusimburwa buri gihe. Chillers ifite compressor zishaje. Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere kuri kondereseri yuzuye umukungugu, kandi ntawe ubigenzura kuko sisitemu yicaye mu gikuta kizitirwa gisurwa wenda kabiri mu mwaka. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi idakorwa neza izakora neza mumezi 18 ikananirwa muri 36.
Guhindura Ubushyuhe: Inzira yo Hagati Ntabwo
Umwuka - kugeza - Guhindura ubushyuhe bwikirere bigaragarira mubisobanuro bihoraho, mubisanzwe bigashyirwa muburyo "bwizewe" ubundi buryo bwa firigo - gukonjesha. Ikibuga kigenda nkiki: nta compressor, nta firigo ikonjesha, nta HVAC igoye igenzura - gusa umuyoboro wubushyuhe cyangwa thermosyphon yimura ubushyuhe bwabaministre mukirere kidasanzwe.
Hariho ikibazo kimwe gito. Guhindura ubushyuhe birashobora gusa kwanga ubushyuhe mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri munsi yubushyuhe bwabaminisitiri. Niba ushaka kugumana dogere 25 imbere yinama y'abaminisitiri kandi ni dogere 35 hanze, ubu ubushyuhe bwawe bukora nk'ikiraro gihenze gihenze mu cyerekezo kibi.
Ibi bisa nkaho bigaragara mugihe byavuzwe neza, ariko nabonye imishinga muri Amerika yepfo yepfo yuburengerazuba hamwe nubushyuhe - guhinduranya - gukonjesha gusa kuko injeniyeri w’igurisha yerekanye igishushanyo cy’ubushyuhe buri mwaka "cyoroheje ku mpinga ya dogere 45 nyuma ya saa sita ku buryo bushobora gucungwa neza -. Sisitemu yakoze neza kuva mu Kwakira kugeza muri Mata. Gicurasi kugeza muri Nzeri, bateri zamaraga amasaha menshi yumunsi.
Guhindura ubushyuhe birumvikana mubihe byihariye - Scandinaviya, Amajyaruguru y’Ubudage, Pasifika y'Amajyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba, ahantu hose ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije buguma munsi y’aho washyizeho. Ufatanije nigice gito cyinyongera cya AC muminsi mike yubushyuhe, birashobora kugabanya ingufu zikonjesha zikoreshwa buri mwaka 60% cyangwa zirenga. Ariko ntabwo ari igisubizo rusange, kandi n'abacuruzi babigaragaza nkabo bakora abakiriya babo nabi.
Umutwaro wa Parasitike Ntamuntu Uteganya
Sisitemu ya HVAC ikoresha amashanyarazi. Ntabwo ari amakuru. Ni ayahe makuru - kubantu benshi bategura umushinga, ikigaragara - nuburyo amashanyarazi bakoresha ndetse nuburyo ibyo gukoresha bigira ingaruka mubucuruzi.
Imibare yatanzwe kuva ahantu hashyizweho ahantu henshi h’ikirere yerekana imizigo yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa parasitike iri hagati ya 8% yumuriro wa batiri yose mu kirere cyoroheje kugeza 34% mubidukikije bikabije. Reka ibyo bishire. Mugushiraho subarctic hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi busabwa mugihe cyitumba, hejuru ya kimwe cya gatatu cyingufu zibitswe muri bateri zijya kugumisha bateri imwe mubushuhe bwemewe.
Ibitekerezo bisanzwe mubyitegererezo byimari ni 2% kugeza 3% umutwaro wubufasha. Icyo gitekerezo ni kibi, akenshi ukurikije gahunda yubunini mubikorwa byoherejwe.
Impeshyi mubyukuri ibihe byoroshye uhereye parasitike yumutwaro ahantu henshi. Nibyo, urimo ukoresha AC ubudahwema, ariko wanze ubushyuhe mukirere kiri kuri dogere 10 kugeza kuri dogere 20 hejuru yicyerekezo cyawe. Igihe cy'itumba mu bihe bikonje niho ibintu bihenze. Urimo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo guhangana, kandi ntamayeri ya termodinamike yo gukora ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi neza. Buri watt yubushyuhe ukeneye igutwara neza watt imwe yumuriro - wongeyeho imikorere idahwitse yibintu byose byahinduka hagati ya bateri na hoteri.
PCS itanga ubushyuhe bwimyanda, kandi ibishushanyo mbonera byabakozi birayifata kugirango ikoreshwe nubushyuhe bwimbeho. Iyo PCS iba imbere mu ibahasha yubushyuhe, igihombo cyayo cya 3% kugeza 5% ihinduka ubushyuhe "mumezi akonje. Iyo yashizwe hanze - akenshi bigenda bigabanywa sisitemu ya - aho sisitemu ya bateri na kabine ya electronics yamashanyarazi ari ibice bitandukanye - wajugunye ingufu zingirakamaro zumuriro none ugomba kubisimbuza bateri - zishyushya amashanyarazi.
Guhunga Ubushyuhe: Ubwoba Bwerekana Byose
LFP ntabwo ifite ibiranga ubushyuhe bwa NMC cyangwa chimistries ya NCA. Ibi ni ukuri. Imiterere ya fosifate ya cathode ntishobora kurekura ogisijeni iyo ishyutswe, ntushobora rero kubora cascading exothermic decomposition ituma chimisties ishingiye kuri cobalt -.
Ariko "umutekano" ntabwo "ufite umutekano," kandi inganda zigenda ziyongera ku myitwarire yubushyuhe bwa LFP zitangiye kwigaragaza muri raporo zibyabaye.
LFP yumuriro utangiza hafi ya dogere 270 - hejuru cyane kurenza dogere 150 kugeza kuri dogere 200 kuri NMC. Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe mugihe cyo guhunga ni dogere 1.5 kumunota, ugereranije na dogere amagana kumunota kuri chimisties ya cobalt. Ibi biguha umwanya munini wo gusubiza kandi bigatuma ikwirakwizwa hagati ya selile bidashoboka cyane.
Igikunze gukurwa mubiganiro byumutekano nuko selile LFP ikomeza kurekura imyuka yaka kandi yubumara mugihe byananiranye. Hydrogen, monoxyde de carbone, hydrocarbone, na fluor ya hydrogène byose bigaragara mumvange ya gaz -. Umubare uri munsi ya NMC, kandi kurekura biratinda, ariko akabati kuzuye ingirabuzimafatizo za LFP mu mwanya ufunze biracyari akaga gakomeye.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa na kaminuza ya Sheffield bwerekanye ko bateri za LFP zigaragaza ko hashobora kwibasirwa n’umuriro mu bihe bimwe na bimwe kubera ko - ivangwa rya gaze - mu gihe ridafite ingufu - rifite imodoka yo hasi -. Urupapuro rwuzuye ntirushobora kwemeza ko LFP iteje akaga muri rusange, ariko irashimangira ko abantu benshi bavuga ko LFP "idashobora gufata umuriro."
Byose biratugarura mubuyobozi bwubushyuhe. Inzira nziza yo gukumira ibintu byubushyuhe ni ukurinda ibintu bibaganisha. Ingirabuzimafatizo zitarenza dogere 45, zitigera zihura nubushyuhe budashira, zitigera zishyurwa munsi ya dogere 0 - izo selile zizasaza bisanzwe, zizitwara neza, kandi zigaragaze umutekano muke. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe numurongo wawe wambere wo kwirwanaho, ntabwo sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro.
Inama y'Abaminisitiri: Ibisobanuro Umuntu wese abona nabi
Ndetse hamwe nubunini bwa HVAC, uburinganire bwumuriro biterwa no gukwirakwiza umwuka. Aha niho nabonye ibiza byubushakashatsi bifite agaciro kuruta uko nshobora kubara.
Inzira byibura yo kurwanya. Umuyaga ukonje winjira muri guverenema, kandi irashaka guhita ujya kumuyoboro ugaruka. Niba moderi ya bateri itunganijwe kuburyo bamwe bari munzira nyamukuru itemba naho izindi ziri muri zone zapfuye, ubona stratifike yubushyuhe utitaye kuri kilowatts yo gukonjesha washyizeho.
Baffles ifasha. Igishushanyo mbonera gifasha. Igifasha benshi mubyukuri nukoresha CFD mugice cyo gushushanya - bisaba amafaranga nigihe, bityo ntibibaho kumishinga myinshi ya C&I. Imyitwarire yubuhanga mubisanzwe "ni akabati gato, ikirere gishobora kuba kigoye gute?" Igisubizo ni: bigoye bihagije kugirango habeho impamyabumenyi ya dogere 10 hagati ya module yegeranye.
Sisitemu ya BESS ikubiyemo gukemura iki kibazo hifashishijwe ubuziranenge. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byayoboye CFD, yubaka prototypes, yemeza ibishushanyo, kandi ifunga mububiko bwubushyuhe. Sisitemu ya Guverinoma, cyane cyane kubacuruzi bato, akenshi ntabwo banyuze muriyi nzira. Urimo kugura igisekuru cya mbere cyangwa icya kabiri cyigishushanyo gishobora kuba kitaremejwe neza kurenza "AC irashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimbere kumunsi wa dogere 35."
Niki Mubyukuri Ikintu Cyamasoko
Niba urimo kwerekana inama yo hanze BESS, dore icyo ugomba gusaba:
Ubushyuhe buringaniye. Ntabwo "abaminisitiri bafite icyuma gikonjesha" ahubwo ni umubare nyawo: ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa delta hejuru ya moderi zose za bateri mugihe cyo kwishyuza / gusohora ibintu byinshi. Niba umucuruzi adashobora gusubiza iki kibazo, ntabwo bakoze injeniyeri yubushyuhe.
Ikigereranyo cyimitwaro ya parasitike kurubuga {{0} conditions ibintu byihariye. Ntabwo ari rusange rusange 2% uhereye kumurongo wo kugurisha - kubara kwukuri ukoresheje amakuru yikirere ya TMY aho ushyira. Niba umutwaro wa parasitike urenze 10% yumusaruro winjiye buri mwaka, ibyo bigomba kwigaragaza muburyo bwimari yawe.
Hasi - kurinda ubushyuhe. Emeza ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka buhuye nibyifuzo byabashinzwe gukora, ntabwo ari agaciro kamwe kamwe gashobora kwemerera kwishyurwa kubushyuhe butera lithium. Kugenzura ibi muburyo bwa BMS, ntabwo ari urupapuro rwihariye.
Guhitamo sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza - ikirere n’amazi - ibintu bitarenze uburyo sisitemu yashyizwe mubikorwa kandi ikabungabungwa. Iriba {3} Sisitemu nziza yo gucunga amashyanyarazi niyo yitabwaho ikeneye mubuzima bwumutungo.
Indorerezi Zanyuma
Imicungire yubushyuhe ntabwo itangaza amakuru ashimishije. Ntawe uzatangaza ko hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu nama y'abaministri mu nama itaha ya RE +. Ariko ni itandukaniro riri hagati yumutungo wimyaka 15 numutungo wimyaka 8, hagati ya sisitemu itanga ubushobozi bwagenwe nyuma ya saa sita zishyushye nizindi zitera 60% neza mugihe ubikeneye cyane.
Ikosa rihenze cyane ryo gucunga amashyuza ni ukeka ko undi muntu yakemuye ikibazo. Iya kabiri ihenze cyane nukeka ko ibikorera i Munich bizakorera i Dubai.
Banza ubone igishushanyo mbonera. Ibindi byose bikurikira aho.