Ibyinshi mubikoranabuhanga byerekeranye no kubika ingufu zishobora kwandikwa byanditswe kuva muri fiziki hepfo: dore inzira eshanu ingufu zishobora gufatwa, dore ibyo buri wese akora, dore imbonerahamwe yubucucike bwingufu. Iyo miterere iruzuye, kandi yegereye ubusa niba urimo kwerekana sisitemu igomba gutumizwa, gutangwa, kwemererwa, gukoreshwa no guterwa inkunga.
Iyi ncamake itunganijwe ukundi. Ikubiyemo imiryango imwe yaingufu zishobora kubikwa, ariko ubatondekanya kubibazo byerekana niba ikoranabuhanga rishobora kugaragara mumushinga wawe rwose:urashobora rwose kuyigura, kuyishiraho, no kuyinyuza kode yumuriro hamwe nisuzuma rya tekiniki yinguzanyo mumezi makumyabiri ari imbere -?Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu byikoranabuhanga rigaragara muri tagisi yuzuye yo kubika ntishobora gutsinda icyo kizamini muri 2026, kandi kuvuga neza ni ingirakamaro kuruta gusobanura byose muburebure bungana.
Igipimo, inkomoko nuburyo imibare yakomotse
Kohereza hamwe n’imibare y’isoko biterwa n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe amakuru y’ingufu muri Amerika, Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu, Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’amashanyarazi, Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika na Laboratwari y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, hamwe n’umwaka hamwe n’uburinganire bwavuzwe muri buri gihugu. Urwego rwimikorere rusobanura sisitemu yuzuye, itangwa mubucuruzi aho kuba selile cyangwa laboratoire ya laboratoire, kandi buri gishushanyo mbonera cyerekana imipaka yo gupima ikoreshwa kuri - selile, sisitemu ya DC, cyangwa AC ihuza. Byakusanijwe 2026.
Babiri babigambiriye. Iyi ncamake ntabwo ikubiyemo ibikoresho bya electrode, chimie ya electrolyte cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bya nanostructures; ko ibitabo ari byinshi, urungano - rwasubiwemo kandi rusomwe neza ku isoko. Ntabwo igerageza ingano yisoko cyangwa iteganyagihe. Icyo ikora ni ikinyuranyo hagati yibyo ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukora mu mpapuro nicyo ritanga mugihe cyo guhuza.
Imiryango itanu yo kubika
Buri tekinoroji yo kubika ifata ingufu muburyo bumwe butanu, kandi ifishi igena imiterere yimbogamizi kurenza ikirango cyangwa chimie ikora.
| Umuryango | Ingufu zifatwa nk | Ikoranabuhanga rihagarariye | Imbaraga zubaka | Imipaka ntarengwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amashanyarazi | Ubushobozi bwa chimique imbere muri selile | Litiyumu - ion, sodium - ion, gurş - aside, sodium - sulfure, redox itemba | Modular, yicaye hafi aho ariho hose, byihuse, byimbitse bitanga isoko | Ubushobozi bwingufu butwara amafaranga kumurongo; gutesha agaciro ntibishobora kwirindwa |
| Umukanishi | Kuzamuka, igitutu cyangwa kuzunguruka | Amashanyarazi yavomye, umwuka ucanye, umwuka wamazi, uburemere, isazi | Ubuzima burebure cyane, ubuzima bunini cyane aho geografiya ibemerera | Urubuga - rugenewe; urubuga, ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga, rihitamo ibishoboka |
| Ubushyuhe | Ubushyuhe bwumvikana, bwihishe cyangwa ubushyuhe bwa termo | Amazi ashyushye kandi akonje, umunyu ushongeshejwe, icyiciro - guhindura ibikoresho | Guhendutse kuri buri gice cyingufu zabitswe mugihe umutwaro ari ubushyuhe | Amashanyarazi mabi - kugeza {{1} performance imikorere y'amashanyarazi; ikora ubushyuhe, ntabwo ari imbaraga |
| Abatwara imiti | Amavuta | Hydrogen, ammonia, metani yubukorikori | Inzira yonyine ifatika kumwanya wigihe no kwambuka - itangwa ryumurenge | Ibyiciro byinshi byo guhindura; imbaraga - kugeza - ubushobozi buke ni bubaka |
| Amashanyarazi | Umuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa rukuruzi | Supercapacitor, ububiko bwa magnetique | Millisecond igisubizo, gusiganwa ku magare bitagira imipaka | Ingufu - abakene; gupimwa mu masegonda, ntabwo ari amasaha |
Ingaruka zingirakamaro zuru rutonde ni mbi aho kuba nziza. Irakubwira icyo umuryangontishoboraimpaka zo gukora: nta sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi izigera ihindura amasaha ane yizuba; nta bubiko bushyashya buzigera butanga igisubizo kubakoresha gride; nta bateri izigera ifata ingufu kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza Mutarama ku giciro cyemewe. Niba icyifuzo gisaba umuryango gukora hanze yimiterere yacyo, icyifuzo kibi mbere yuko hagenzurwa ibisobanuro byose byibicuruzwa.
Ubucuruzi bwiteguye: Ibyo ushobora kugura mubyukuri 2026
Iki nigice igice kinini cyikoranabuhanga gisubiramo gisiga, kandi nicyo gihindura urutonde. Ibice bikurikira birasobanura ukuri kwamasoko kumushinga ugera kumafaranga mumyaka ibiri iri imbere - ntabwo ari tekiniki ya tekiniki, kandi ntabwo ari ndende - ubushobozi bwigihe.
Icyiciro 1 - Birashoboka kugipimo, abatanga ibintu byinshi, code yashizweho n'inzira yo gutera inkunga
- Litiyumu fer fosifate (LFP) lithium - ion{0}
- Amazi yavomye.
- Ububiko bwumuriro bworoshye.
- Flywheels hamwe na super super- ikuze muri niche yamasegonda - kugeza - iminota yingufu. Gukura ntibisobanura gukoreshwa cyane.
- Kurongora - aside{0}
Icyiciro 2 - Ubucuruzi buraboneka, butanga isoko yoroheje, banki iracyashirwaho
- Vanadium redox itemba- ibyubatswe nyabyo, amateka yimikorere nyayo, ibyiza nyabyo birenze amasaha atandatu; imbogamizi ni ikirenge, imikorere nuburyo abatanga isoko bake bashobora gutwara imyaka makumyabiri -.
- Zinc - Bromine itemba- umurima muto - imyaka kuruta vanadium; suzuma ubudahwema kubatanga nkuko usuzuma ikoranabuhanga.
- Sodium - ion{0}
- Sodium - sulfure{0}
- Umwuka uhumeka n'umwuka utemba- igihingwa - imishinga minini hamwe na gahunda ya EPC, ntabwo kugura ibikoresho.
- Ububiko bwa rukuruzi- imishinga nyayo yo kwerekana; kwigenga birebire - mikorere yimikorere ikomeza kuba mike.
- Imbaraga za hydrogen - kugeza - imbaraga- buri kintu cyose kirashobora kugurwa; urugendo ruzengurutse urwego rwumushinga nicyo gisigaye gake.
Urwego 3 - Ubushakashatsi no kwerekana; ntibisobanutse kumushinga ugera FID ubungubu
Batteri zikomeye - za batiri, ibyuma - chemisties yo mu kirere, icyuma - chromium itemba, ububiko bwimbaraga za magnetiki, kubika ubushyuhe bwa termo-chimique, kuvoma ububiko bwamashanyarazi yumuriro, graphene - bishingiye kuri supercapacitor ku gipimo cya gride, kandi imiterere ya batiri yoroheje cyangwa yacapishijwe byose bigaragara cyane mubisuzuma byuzuye. Kwinjizamo kwabo birakwiye - isubiramo ryubushakashatsi rigomba gushushanya imipaka. Ariko kwerekana kimwe muri byo muri iki gihe bisobanura kutemera amato akora, nta garanti yashyizweho, nta muyoboro wa serivisi, kandi akenshi nta nzira yo gutanga ibyemezo byemewe n'amategeko agenga umuriro.
Amategeko ngiro: chimie itanga ikizere ntabwo ishobora guhinduka mubucuruzi hamwe na sisitemu ikuze. Mbere yuko ikoranabuhanga ryinjira kurutonde rugufi, genzura amateka yubucuruzi mu gihe cyagenwe cyateganijwe, ibicuruzwa biboneka ku munsi watangiriyeho, sisitemu - icyemezo cyurwego, ibyemezo bya garanti, ubushobozi bwa serivisi mukarere kawe, hamwe nuburyo bwasobanuwe bwo gusimbuza. Ikoranabuhanga ryananiwe bane muri batandatu ni ubushakashatsi, ntabwo ari amahitamo.
Sisitemu - Kugereranya Urwego
Gukora neza ni urugendo rwa AC - urugendo aho ruhurira harimo no gukoresha infashanyo, ubusanzwe ni amanota atanu kugeza ku icumi munsi ya DC cyangwa selile - imibare yavuzwe mubitabo bya tekiniki nibikoresho byo kwamamaza.
| Ikoranabuhanga | Igihe kimara | Igihe cyo gusubiza | AC kuzenguruka - gukora neza urugendo | Ukuzenguruka / gushushanya ubuzima | Igipimo gifatika | Ikirenge kuri MWh | Urwego |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Litiyumu - ion, LFP | 0.5-4 h, kugeza 8h | Milliseconds | 82–90% | 4000-8,000 inzinguzingo kugeza 70-80%; 15–20 yr hamwe no kwiyongera | 100 kWh - byinshi - GWh | Ibyingenzi | 1 |
| Litiyumu - ion, NMC | 0.5–4 h | Milliseconds | 85–92% | Inzinguzingo 2000-5000 | 100 kWt - amagana ya MWh | Munsi y'ibanze | 1, ariko yimuwe na LFP mukoresha uhagaze |
| Sodium - ion | 1–4 h | Milliseconds | 80–88% | Amakuru yambere ya flet; utanga - yatangaje ubuzima bwinzira | kWt - MWh mirongo | Hafi gato ya LFP | 2 |
| Kurongora - aside | 1–8 h | Sub - isegonda | 70–85% | Inzinguzingo 500–1,500 ku burebure buringaniye bwo gusohora | kWt - MWh nkeya | 2–3 × LFP | 1, niche |
| Sodium - sulfure | 6–8 h | Sub - isegonda | 70–80% | ~ Inzinguzingo 4.500; ~ 15 yr | MW - MW mirongo | ~ 2 × LFP | 2, muburyo bumwe - isoko |
| Vanadium redox itemba | 4–12 h | Munsi yisegonda imwe | 60–75% | 15,000–20, 000+ inzinguzingo; 20-25 yr hamwe no gusimbuza stack | 100 kW - ~ 100 MW | 3-5 × LFP | 2 |
| Zinc - Bromine itemba | 4–12 h | Munsi yisegonda imwe | 60–70% | Ubutabire - biterwa; Umwanya muto - imyaka | mirongo ya kilo - mirongo ya MW | 3-5 × LFP | 2 |
| Amazi yavomye | 6–24 h+ | Amasegonda kugeza kumunota | 70–80% | 50-100 yr ubuzima bwumutungo | 100 MW - 3 GW | Urubuga - igipimo cyimirimo rusange | 1, geografiya - imipaka |
| Umwuka ucanye, diabatic | 4–24 h | Iminota | 40–55% | {0}} yr | 100 MW + | Irasaba geologiya ikwiye | 2 |
| Umwuka w'amazi | 4–12 h | Iminota | ~50–60% | ~ 30 yr | mirongo - amagana ya MW | Ikirenge kinini | 2 |
| Imbaraga rukuruzi | 2–8 h | Amasegonda | 75-85% byatangajwe; amakuru yigenga ntarengwa | Ubuzima bumaze igihe kirekire bwasabye | MW - igipimo cyerekana | Imiterere nini cyangwa igiti | 2 |
| Flywheels | Amasegonda - ~ 15 min | Milliseconds | 80-90% muri serivisi; munsi kumurongo muremure | 100, 000+ inzinguzingo; ~ 20 yr | 100 kW - ~ 20 MW | Ntagereranywa - ingufu - abakene | 1, niche |
| Amashanyarazi | Amasegonda - iminota mike | Milliseconds | 90–95% | 500, 000+ inzinguzingo | kilo - MW nkeya | Ntagereranywa - ingufu - abakene | 1, niche |
| Ubushyuhe bwumvikana | Amasaha - iminsi myinshi | Iminota | Ubushyuhe bwa 50-90% - kugeza - ubushyuhe | 25-30 yr | kWh - th - GWh - th | Tank - ingano ikoreshwa | 1, imitwaro yumuriro gusa |
| Gutinda / icyiciro - guhinduka | Amasaha - iminsi | Iminota | Ibikoresho - biterwa | Biratandukanye cyane kubintu | Igice - biterwa | Ibikoresho - biterwa | 2–3 |
| Imbaraga za hydrogen - kugeza - imbaraga | Iminsi - amezi | Amasegonda kugeza kumunota kuri kwisubiraho | 30–45% | Gusimbuza ibice kumasaha asobanutse | MW - igipimo cy'inganda | Ububiko - ingano ikoreshwa | 2 |
Imipaka ya sisitemu
Imikorere yo kubika ivugwa kumipaka itanu itandukanye, kandi ibikoresho bimwe bifatika bitanga imibare itanu itandukanye. Dore inkomoko ihagarariye sisitemu yagurishijwe nka 2000 kWh:
- Nominal DC ingufu, intangiriro yubuzima:2000 kWh - umubare kuri datasheet.
- Gabanya uburebure bwakoreshwa - bwa - gusohora idirishya kuri 90%:1.800 kWt.
- Leta idahwitse yishyurwa kumitwaro ikomeye kuri 15%:1.530 kWt.
- Gabanya iherezo - ya - garanti yubuzima kuri 70%:1.071 kWt mu mwaka wanyuma wemejwe.
- Hasi DC - kugeza - Guhindura AC no gukoresha infashanyo hafi 8%:hafi985 kWt yatanzwe kuri AC aho ihuza.
Datasheet ivuga 2000. Ibyo sisitemu izatanga mumitwaro yawe mumwaka wa cumi n'itanu iri munsi ya 1.000. Nta mubare ari inyangamugayo; ni ibisubizo kubibazo bitandukanye. Ibibazo bitangira iyo uwegukanye isoko asubiramo uwambere undi akavuga uwa gatanu, kandi ibyifuzo byombi bigereranijwe kubiciro kuri kilowati.
Kuzenguruka - gukora neza urugendo bitwara kimwe. Akagari - urwego ruri hejuru ya 95%, ishusho ya DC - ishusho ya 80 murwego rwo hejuru, hamwe na AC round - ishusho yurugendo harimo HVAC hamwe nubugenzuzi buke - kugeza - hagati ya 80s zose zishobora gusobanura ibicuruzwa bimwe neza. Ku gishushanyo cya dogere 45, ibidukikije bifasha bizamuka cyane kandi ishusho ya AC irongera igwa. Umubare wimikorere yatanzwe utagira imbibi zayo, urwego rwimbaraga nubushyuhe ntabwo bigereranywa nindi mibare ikora neza. Niba itsinda ryanyu rikomeje guhinduranya ibice byihishe inyuma, itandukaniro riri hagatikWt na kWtni ahantu heza ho gutangirira, kuko imbaraga nimbaraga zamakosa hamwe nimbibi zimbibi.
Ububiko bw'amashanyarazi
Litiyumu - ion: icyo amakuru yoherejwe avuga
Litiyumu - ion yiganje yanditse neza kandi ikwiriye kuvugwa ninkomoko aho kuba igitekerezo. Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Amerika gishinzwe ingufu cyasanze ibyoibirenga 90% byingirakamaro muri Amerika - ubushobozi bwa bateri yakoresheje lithium - chemistiesgupimwa n'imbaraga n'ingufu - isuzuma rya 2019 ry’amato yo muri Amerika - na EIA yakomeje kubitangazaibikoresho byinshi byo muri Amerika - sisitemu ya bateri ikoresha lithium - ionnkuko amato yakuze akurikije gahunda yubunini kuva.
Kwisi yose, IEA yanditse ibyo108 GW yo kubika bateri nshya yoherejwe ku isi hose muri 2025, hafi 40% kurenza umwaka ushize, hamwe nubushobozi bwashizweho hafi inshuro cumi nimwe kurwego rwa 2021. Ibisobanuro bibiri muribyo byanditse birenze umutwe. Litiyumu fer fosifate ubu igera kuri 90% yoherejwe, kuva neza neza munsi yigice cyimyaka itanu mbere - LFP ntabwo ifite ingufu nkeya - yuzuye kurusha imiti ya chimique ishingiye kuri nikel - ikunze kugaragara mu binyabiziga, ariko bihendutse kandi bikwiranye n’amagare kenshi, aribwo bucuruzi - ku mutungo uhagaze ushaka kandi utari mwiza ku modoka. Kandi hafi 80% ya 2025 wongeyeho byari bifite akamaro - igipimo, hamwe nibisigaye inyuma ya metero.
Gusoma bifatika: niba utanga isoko asabye NMC kumushinga wamagare wa buri munsi -, baza ikibazo gikemura LFP idakora, kuko ubucucike bwingufu ni gake imbogamizi zihuza kurubuga rwagenwe.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri yuzuye nayo irenze cyane selile. Harimosisitemu yo guhindura imbaraga, gucunga bateri, gucunga ingufu, gucunga ubushyuhe, gutahura umuriro no kuzimya, guhinduranya, guhindura, itumanaho, kuzitira hamwe nimbaraga zifasha. Imirongo ibiri itandukanye na 30% mubisanzwe iratandukanye murwego, ntabwo mubiciro.
Bateri zitemba
Bateri zitemba zikuramo ingufu zituruka ku mbaraga: umunzani w'ingufu hamwe na selile, ingufu hamwe na electrolyte. Igiciro cyiyongera kumasaha ya gatandatu, umunani nuwa cumi rero kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na lithium - ion, kandi ubuzima bwikiziga busanzwe burenga 15,000 cycle bikwiranye numutungo uzakorwa cyane mumyaka 20.
Imishinga irabyanga kubwimpamvu eshatu zihamye: ikirenge cyikubye inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu zingana na sisitemu ya lithium ihwanye na - ion, AC round - ingendo zingendo za 60-75% ugereranije na 82-90%, kandi isoko ryabatanga rinini kuburyo serivisi ya makumyabiri - ninshingano za garanti bisaba umwete ukomeye. Vanadium redox ifite inyandiko zimbitse zikora; zinc - bromine ifite umurima muto - imyaka; icyuma - chromium na polysulfide - sisitemu ya bromide ikomeza kuba murwego rwo kwerekana nubwo bikunze kugaragara mubisubiramo byikoranabuhanga. Urujya n'uruza rwumvikana hejuru yamasaha atandatu hamwe nigare rya buri munsi nubutaka buboneka. Ntibisanzwe byumvikana munsi yine.
Sodium - ion, sodium - sulfure hamwe na aside - aside
Sodium - ion niyo yizewe cyane hafi ya - yongeyeho icyiciro cya 1: nta lithium, nta cobalt, ubukonje bwiza - imyitwarire yubushyuhe, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bujyanye cyane na lithium iriho -. Icyo ibuze ni flet - imyaka. Fata uruzinduko rwabatanga - imenyekanisha ryubuzima nkibimenyekanisha kugeza amakuru yigenga abaho.
Sodium - sulfure ifite imyaka myinshi yubatswe inyuma ariko ikora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ni imwe rukumbi - isoko, yibanda ku ngaruka zitangwa muburyo benshi batanga inguzanyo.
Kurongora - aside ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro rwose kubikorwa bito, bidakunze kuzenguruka inshuro nyinshi kandi birashobora kugurwa byuzuye. Numukino mubi kumagare ya buri munsi ashobora kuvugururwa kubera ubuzima bwikiziga hamwe nubujyakuzimu bushobora gusohoka - sibyo kuko ni tekinoroji ishaje. Kugereranya hirya no hino muri chimisties ni ingirakamaro cyane mugihe byateganijwe ninshingano zirenze ibisekuruza, niyo mpamvu reba neza kuriubwoko bwa bateri butandukanye bukoreshwa mukubika ingufuni agaciro karenze urutonde.
Ububiko bwa mashini
Amazi yavomye
Ububiko bwa pompe buracyari uburyo bunini bwo kubika ingufu kwisi kubushobozi bwamashanyarazi. Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’amashanyarazi ryatangaje koubushobozi bwo kubika pompe kwisi bwarenze 200 GW muri 2025, hamwe na 243 GW yubatswe, nyuma yinyandiko 11.7 GW yatangijwe mumwaka umwe.
Soma ibipimo fatizo witonze, kuko aha niho kugereranya ububiko bikunze kuyobya. Iyo 200 GW nubushobozi bwamashanyarazi mugihe gisanzwe cyamasaha umunani kugeza kuri cumi n'abiri cyangwa arenga. Batteri yongerera ubushobozi byihuse mumwaka ariko mugihe cyamasaha abiri cyangwa ane. Ukurikije niba ugereranije imbaraga zashyizweho, ingufu zabitswe, cyangwa ibyongeweho buri mwaka, pompe hydro na batteri swap urwego. Ikirego cyose kivuga ko umuntu "ayoboye" ububiko bwisi yose atiriwe avuga ishingiro agomba gufatwa nkutarangiye.
Ku mishinga yubucuruzi ninganda, hydro pompe ntabwo ari umukandida kandi ntigomba gukoresha igihe cyo gusuzuma.
Umwuka uhumanye, umwuka wamazi, uburemere hamwe na flawheels
Umwuka usanzwe uhujwe na geologiya - ikwiye munsi yubutaka, cyangwa nta mushinga. Umwuka wamazi ukuraho iyo mbogamizi kubiciro byuruziga - gukora neza ingendo hafi 50-60%. Byombi ni amashanyarazi hamwe na gahunda ya EPC kandi bigomba gusuzumwa nkibyo. Ububiko bwa Gravity bufite imyiyerekano ikora nibibazo bitarakemuka kubyerekeye igihe kirekire - ijambo ryigenga ryimikorere yigenga.
Flywheels irakuze kandi ni nziza mu ibahasha yabo: milisegonda yo gusubiza, gusiganwa ku magare bitagira umupaka, n'amasegonda kugeza ku minota cumi n'itanu y'ingufu. Ntabwo bahanganye nububiko bwamasaha - kandi ntibigomba na rimwe gusuzumwa kubirwanya.
Ububiko bw'ubushyuhe
Ububiko bwa Thermal ni umuryango udafite uburemere buke mubisobanuro rusange byububiko, kubera ko bidasubiza ikibazo "niyihe bateri" - ibaza niba bateri ari igikoresho cyiza na gato.
Kubika ubushyuhe bworoshye mumazi, urubura cyangwa umunyu ushongeshejwe birakuze, bihendutse kuri buri gice cyingufu zabitswe, kandi gifite ubuzima bwimyaka 25-30. Kubika ubushyuhe bwihuse mugice - ibikoresho byo guhindura bitanga ubucucike buri hejuru yubushyuhe runaka, hamwe no gukura gutandukanye cyane nibikoresho. Ububiko bwa Thermochemicale butanga ubucucike buri hejuru kandi buguma ahanini mubushakashatsi.
Amategeko yo gufata ibyemezo aroroshye kandi akenshi arabura. Niba umutwaro utangwa ari ubushyuhe, ubukonje cyangwa ibyuka, imbibi za sisitemu nukuri ni ubushyuhe. Guhindura amashanyarazi kugirango uyibike muri bateri hanyuma uyihindure kugirango utware chiller bisobanura kwishyura igihombo cyo guhindura inshuro ebyiri kuri serivisi ikigega cy'amazi gikonje - gitanga mu buryo butaziguye. Ikibanza cyinganda gifite 8 MWh - ubushyuhe bwijoro busabwa hamwe nizuba rirenze izuba ryagombye kubanza kugereranya ububiko bwumuriro, hanyuma ukongeramo bateri gusa mugihe hari serivisi yihariye yamashanyarazi ifite ishingiro.
Abatwara imiti: Hydrogen
Hydrogen ya 30-45% imbaraga - kugeza - gukoresha ingufu ntabwo ari inenge yubuhanga itegereje gukosorwa. Nibiciro byimbere yinzira ishobora gufata ingufu mumezi kandi igasaba ko amashanyarazi adashobora kugera kuri - ibiryo byinganda, hejuru - ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, ubwikorezi bukomeye.
Suzuma hydrogene mugihe umushinga ukeneye igihe cyigihe, ingufu zitwara, cyangwa guhuza amashanyarazi nundi murenge. Isuzumire kuri bateri nyuma yo kwemeza ko bateri rwose idashobora kuzuza ibisabwa igihe, kuko mugihe icyo aricyo cyose bateri ishobora gukora, hydrogène itakaza imikorere ikoresheje intera nini.
Ububiko bw'amashanyarazi
Supercapacitor itanga milisegonda isubiza hamwe nibihumbi magana byizunguruka kuri 90-95% neza, hamwe nimbaraga zapimwe mumasegonda. Nibisubizo nyabyo kubwiza bwimbaraga, kugendera - unyuze, hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo gusiganwa ku magare, nigisubizo kibi kubintu byose byapimwe mumasaha. Kubika ingufu za magnetiki zikomeza kuba ubushakashatsi ninzobere - tekinoroji yo gukoresha; cryogenic ibisabwa bigumane hanze yamasoko rusange.
Ikiringo kigena urutonde rugufi
| Igihe gikenewe | Viable | Yakuweho mugusuzuma |
|---|---|---|
| Munsi yiminota 15 | Supercapacitor, flawheels, hejuru - lithium power - ion | Gutemba, kuvoma hydro, CAES, hydrogène, ubushyuhe {{0} capacity imbaraga zishyuwe kandi ntizigera zikoreshwa |
| Iminota 15 - 4h | Litiyumu - ion, sodium - ion; gutemba kumpera yo hejuru | Supercapacitor, flawheels (ingufu); pompe hydro, CAES (igipimo) |
| 4 – 10 h | Temba, lithium - ion, pompe hydro, CAES, ubushyuhe aho umutwaro ari ubushyuhe | Flywheels, super super; hydrogen (igihombo cyiganje) |
| 10 h no hejuru | Hydro yavomye, CAES, LAES, itemba, ubushyuhe; hydrogen ikabije | Litiyumu - ion ihinduka mubukungu - umunzani wibiciro byingufu mugihe amagare yaguye |
| Multi - umunsi kugeza ibihe | Hydrogen, ubushyuhe bwigihe, abatwara imiti | Amahitamo yose ya mashanyarazi na mashini |
Umurongo icumi - ni isaha yemewe aho kuba imvugo: Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerikaisobanura uburebure - igihe cyo kubika ingufu nka sisitemu itanga amashanyarazi kumasaha icumi cyangwa arenga. Ibisobanuro bivuga "birebire - igihe" nta numero bizasobanurwa nabapiganwa nkikintu cyose kuva amasaha ane kugeza kuminsi ine, vuga rero amasaha. Ubukungu bwibanze bwamaremare - ububiko bwa batiritandukana bihagije numutungo muto - igihe cyigihe bombi batagomba kugabana imiterere yimari.
Igiciro cyitwara kumurongo umwe. Igishoro cyashizweho kuri kilowati kigabanuka hamwe nigihe mugihe igiciro kuri kilo kizamuka, niyo mpamvu NRELBuri mwaka Ikoranabuhangaicyitegererezo cyo kubika mubice byombi bitandukanye, n'impamvu yabyo2025 kuvugurura ibiciro{0} A $ / kWh igishushanyo cyavuzwe nta gihe cyacyo ntabwo ari umubare ukoreshwa.
Sisitemu ya Hybrid
Hybrid iboneza ikorana buhanga kuburyo buriwese akora igice cyinshingano zakazi akora neza: supercapacitor ikurura ingendo ya - ingendo ya kabiri mugihe bateri ikora amasaha menshi -, cyangwa bateri yamagare buri munsi mugihe umutungo muremure - wigihe gikubiyemo ibintu byagutse bidasanzwe.
Hybridisation yunguka ibintu bigoye mugihe urwego rwinshingano rurimo imyirondoro ibiri itandukanye kandi ubunini bwa tekinoloji kuri byombi byasobanura kurenza urugero kuri imwe. Ntabwo yinjiza ibintu bigoye mugihe ikoranabuhanga rimwe rimaze gukwirakwiza inshingano zuzuye, mugihe umushinga ari muto cyane kuburyo wasobanura uburyo bwa kabiri bwo kugenzura, cyangwa mugihe umutungo wa kabiri wazenguruka gake kuburyo umurwa mukuru wacyo utigera uhinduka.
Igiciro cyihishe nikigenzura. Nuwuhe mutungo usubiza, muburyo ki, uko leta yishyurwa iringaniye hagati yabo, niyihe serivisi ifata umwanya wambere mu makimbirane, uko guteshwa agaciro bigabanywa, nuburyo ikosa ryumutungo umwe rikemurwa nundi - byose bigomba gutomorwa, bikageragezwa mukwemera uruganda kandi re - byageragejwe mukwakira ikibanza. Imishinga ifata nkibisobanuro bya komisiyo isanga mugihe cyambere cyambere ko sisitemu ititwara nkuko igishushanyo kimwe - cyerekana.
Kuva mu Ikoranabuhanga kugeza Kohereza
Ibintu bitatu byoherejwe byerekana niba guhitamo neza tekiniki bikomeza kubaho kurubuga.
Imiterere.Lithium imwe - ion tekinoroji igera nka aSisitemukuri padi yateguwe, cyangwa nka anakabatiibyo bihuye n'imbuga zinganda zinganda aho kontineri itazaba. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bukemurwa kera mbere yikibazo kitoroshye cyo guhuza urubuga, inzira igana nintera yo gutandukanya umuriro.
Kode n'icyemezo.Gutandukanya umuriro, gusesengura impanuka no gutegura ibyihutirwa munsiNFPA 855cyangwa ibingana byaho bigomba kugeragezwa kurwego rwurubuga mbere yuko imiterere ikosorwa, ntabwo nyuma. Akagari kemewe ntabwo ari sisitemu yemewe, no kumva icyoUL icyemezo cya BESSmubyukuri ikubiyemo gutandukanya inyandiko isubiramo ikurinda imwe itabikora.
Ibipimo bisanzwe.Mbere yo kugereranya ibyifuzo bibiri, wemeze ingufu za leta zombi zikoreshwa mumwaka wanyuma wemejwe, kubishushanyo mbonera byawe hamwe nigipimo cyawe C -, hamwe nimbibi zingana. Itandukaniro ryibiciro byinshi bisa nkibyiza byubucuruzi ni intera itandukanye. Kuriububiko bw'ubucuruzi n'ingandabyumwihariko, ikinyuranyo hagati ya bateri - cote gusa hamwe na cote yuzuye ya buri gihe irenga ikinyuranyo hagati yubuhanga bubiri burushanwa.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Kuberiki Byatangajwe Kumikorere Nizunguruka - Imibare yubuzima iratandukanye cyane nabatanga ingwate?
Igisubizo: Kuberako bapima ibintu bitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye. Ubuzima bwa cycle bwashyizwe ahagaragara mubushuhe bugenzurwa, uburebure buringaniye bwo gusohora hamwe nigipimo C -. Garanti igomba kurokoka ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, ubujyakuzimu bwawe bwo gusohora nigipimo cyamagare yawe, bityo igishusho cyemewe kirakomeza kubishushanyo mbonera. Nta nubwo ari bibi. Baza imiterere yikizamini inyuma yicyiciro icyo aricyo cyose - ubuzima, hanyuma urebe ko ibicuruzwa byemewe byinjira buri mwaka bihuye ninzitizi urubanza rwawe rwubucuruzi rufata - niba icyitegererezo gikeneye inzinguzingo 320 kumwaka kandi garanti ikemerera 250, kimwe muribi kibi.
Ikibazo: Mugihe ki Litiyumu - Ion ireka kuba amahitamo yubukungu?
Igisubizo: Nta kwambukiranya isi yose, ariko imiterere irahoraho: lithium - ion igiciro cyingufu zingana zingana n'umurongo hamwe nigihe cyigihe, mugihe sisitemu na mashini byongera amasaha bihendutse. Mu masoko menshi igereranya riba irushanwa rwose hagati yamasaha atandatu na icumi; hejuru yamasaha icumi lithium - ion mubusanzwe igikoresho kitari cyo; munsi yamasaha ane biragoye cyane gutsinda. Hagati ya bane na batandatu, koresha imibare ugereranije nigiciro cyihariye nigiciro cyubutaka aho kuba itegeko.
Ikibazo: Nigute Ikoranabuhanga Rivuka rikwiye gufatwa muburyo bwihariye?
Igisubizo: Vuga ibisubizo bisabwa, ntabwo ari chimie. Ibisobanuro bivuga "sodium - ion" ukuyemo amahitamo meza kandi ukagufunga kumurongo umwe wo gutanga; ibisobanuro bivuga ngo "4 MWh ikoreshwa na AC irangiye ubuzima bwemewe, inzinguzingo 320 ku mwaka, ibidukikije bya dogere 45, mubirenge bya m² 200, byemejwe na code yumuriro ikoreshwa" ireka ikoranabuhanga iryo ariryo ryose rishobora guhura naryo kurushanwa. Niba ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera kuri ayo magambo, ibibazo byumwete ni ubucuruzi aho kuba tekiniki: amato akora, impapuro zerekana ibicuruzwa, umuyoboro wa serivisi, nibigenda bite iyo utanga isoko atabayeho mumwaka wa munani.
Ikibazo: Gutesha agaciro bikwiye gukemurwa no gukabya cyangwa no kwiyongera?
Igisubizo: Byombi biremewe kandi bitwara ingaruka zitandukanye. Gukabya kumunsi umwe bisobanura kwishyura ubushobozi budakoreshwa mumyaka icumi ariko ukirinda imirimo yigihe kizaza. Gutezimbere bisobanura kongeramo module nyuma, bisaba umwanya wabitswe, ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi yabitswe, module ihuza imyaka mugihe kizaza, hamwe no kwiyemeza kugiciro cyamasezerano. Buri gihe ikibi ni icyifuzo kidakemura.
Ikibazo: Ese sisitemu yo kubika ihita itanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma?
Igisubizo: No. Sisitemu yatezimbere kubisabwa - kugabanya amafaranga ntabwo ari sisitemu yo gusubira inyuma keretse niba yarakozwe nkimwe, kandi leta yabigenewe ituma kugarura bishoboka ni imbaraga zimwe zihagarika kuboneka mubukemurampaka.
Incamake
Amatagisi yuzuye yo kubika ingufu zishobora kubikwa urutonde wenda tekinoroji makumyabiri. Urutonde rwa tekinoloji ushobora kugura, gushiraho, kwemerera no gutanga imari muri 2026 yegereye umunani, kandi kumushinga uwo ariwo wose ufite igihe cyagenwe, inshuro zamagare, urubuga na serivisi ishinzwe ingufu, mubisanzwe ni bibiri cyangwa bitatu.
Incamake yavuzwe haruguru yateguwe kugirango ikugere kuri ibyo bibiri cyangwa bitatu byihuse: menya umuryango uhuye na serivise, kugenzura urwego rwiteguye rwubucuruzi, shyira muyunguruzi igihe, hanyuma ushimangire ko buri mubare muri buri cyifuzo uvuga imbibi zapimwe. Ikoranabuhanga ntirinanirwa imishinga hafi nkuko imbibi zidasobanutse zibikora.