Kunanirwa icumi byatewe na selile ya batiri. Ibintu magana atatu byitirirwa ibindi byose. Uku nukuri kugaragara kuva mubikorwa - igipimo cyo gusesengura ingufu zingana, uhinduranya inkuru zisanzwe zivuga mubyukuri muri sisitemu ya bateri. Kwishyira hamwe, guteranya, hamwe nubwubatsi - ntabwo bateri ubwazo - zateje ibyinshi mubintu 81 byasuzumwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo gikora porogaramu za batiri TWAICE, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mashanyarazi, na Laboratoire y’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba.
Ibi bifite akamaro kuko Amerika yongeyeho gigawatt 10.4 yo kubika bateri muri 2024 yonyine, kandi injeniyeri zikomeza gukora sisitemu nkaho chimie ari yo ngaruka nyamukuru. Ntabwo aribyo. Ubwubatsi butagaragara buhuza izo bateri - ibikoresho bya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri zicunga voltage, ubushyuhe, hamwe nicyemezo cya milisegonda - byerekana niba ikigo kibika ingufu zisukuye cyangwa gihinduka inshingano. Umuriro wa batiri ya Litiyumu urashobora kuganza nyuma yiminsi, kandi ibyabaye vuba aha nka Mutarama 2025 Moss Landing umuriro byatumye abaturage 1200 bimuka mumasaha 24.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ikora bisobanura gusobanukirwa ibice bigenzura, ibikoresho byo guhindura, ibyuma bisohora ubushyuhe, hamwe nuyoboro wo kugenzura uhindura selile imwe muri gride - ibikorwa remezo. Ibi ntabwo ari ibikoresho. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yimikorere yizewe no gutsindwa gukabije.
Ubwubatsi Ntamuntu Uvuga: Ibyo Batteri ya Sisitemu ikora
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ntabwo "yishyuza no gusohora." Bategura imishyikirano ihoraho hagati yamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, ingufu za gride, hamwe na thermodynamic - byose bicungwa na sisitemu abantu benshi batigeze babona.
Amashanyarazi ya Batiri Yibanze Kubika Sub sisitemu Urwego
Buri lithium - ishingiye kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishingiye kuri sisitemu eshanu zikomeye: moderi ya batiri, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS), sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi (PCS), sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS), hamwe nubuyobozi bwumuriro. Iyi mirimo ikurikirana aho gutsindwa kurwego urwo arirwo rwose rushyira mubikorwa byose.
Ibikoresho bya batiri module ikubiyemo selile zitondekanye muburyo bwihariye - ibangikanye. Ingirabuzimafatizo zishyizwe mubice, modules zishyizwe mubice, kandi ibice byuzuye ibintu cyangwa ibigo. Ntabwo ari organisation - bijyanye no guhuza voltage ibisabwa kugirango uhindure ibintu mugihe ukomeza ubushobozi bwubu. Igikoresho gisanzwe - igipimo cya rack gishobora kuba gifite modules 50, buri kimwe kirimo selile 12-24, zose zikurikiranwa kugiti cye.
Ariko hano niho urujijo rutangirira: module ya bateri ni ikigega cyingufu gusa. Sisitemu yo kuyikikije igena uburyo icyo kigega gihuza nukuri.
Sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri: Umuyoboro wo kugenzura selile
Tekereza kuri BMS nkigikorwa cya gatatu - cyo kugenzura. Ibice byo gukurikirana bateri (BMUs) bireba selile zitandukanye, moderi yo gucunga imirongo ya batiri (SBMS) igenzura amatsinda, kandi umugenzuzi mukuru (MBMS) ahuza urwego rwose - hamwe na SBMS ishyigikira BMUs 60.
Ibi bifite akamaro kuko selile ya lithium idasaza kimwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo imwe itesha agaciro byihuse itera imbaraga zingana. Iyo utagenzuwe, izo mbaraga zingirakamaro zishira muri selile - zuzuye cyangwa hejuru ya - zisohora intege nke. BMS irinda ibi binyuze mu kuringaniza ingirabuzimafatizo: kugabura amafaranga ukoresheje rezistor cyangwa capacator kugirango ugumane voltage mumadirishya ya milivolt 50 mumirongo ibihumbi.
BMS iragereranya kandi ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi: Leta ishinzwe (SoC) irakubwira ijanisha ry'ubushobozi rikomeza kuboneka. Leta yubuzima (SoH) irahanura ubuzima busigaye bushingiye ku kwangirika kwapimwe. BMS ikurikirana ibigezweho, voltage, nubushyuhe mugihe ugereranya SoC na SoH kugirango wirinde ingaruka z'umutekano no kwemeza imikorere yizewe. Fata iyi mibare nabi kandi ushobora gusiga ubushobozi udakoreshejwe cyangwa ugatera guhagarika umutekano mugihe cyo kwinjiza amafaranga menshi - ikibazo rusange muburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri.
Sisitemu yo Guhindura Imbaraga: Umusemuzi wa interineti
Batteri zibika ingufu za DC, ariko gride ikora kuri AC. PCS ihindura hagati yibi ukoresheje inverter na modules zingufu, hamwe no guhuza ibyiciro byemeza ko AC ihuza hamwe na gride cycle kugirango ikore neza.
Iyi sisitemu ikora ibirenze guhindura voltage. Ibice bigezweho bya PCS bikora:
Guhindura ibice byombi:AC kugeza DC mugihe cyo kwishyuza (gukosora), DC kugeza AC mugihe cyo gusohora (inversion). Guhindura bibaho binyuze muri IGBT (iziritse - irembo bipolar transistor) izunguruka kuri 10-20 kHz.
Gucunga ingufu zifatika:Usibye imbaraga nyazo (zapimwe muri kilowatts), PCS itera cyangwa ikurura imbaraga zidasanzwe (kilovolt - amperes reaction) kugirango ihagarike ingufu za gride. Iyi serivisi yinyongera ibyara inyungu itandukanye nubukemurampaka bwingufu.
Akayunguruzo keza:Guhindura imbaraga bitera kugoreka guhuza - kugwiza inshuro 60 zibanze za Hz zitesha agaciro ubwiza bwimbaraga. Akayunguruzo ka pasiporo korohereza ibi mbere yo kugera kuri gride ihuza.
PCS ikorera kuri gride ya tension. Irashobora gutwarwa na pre - gushiraho ingamba, ibimenyetso byo hanze biva kuri metero -, cyangwa amategeko ava muri sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu. Igihe cyo gusubiza ibibazo: amasezerano yo kugenzura imiyoboro ya grid bisaba imbaraga zuzuye mumasegonda 0.25 yikimenyetso cyo gutandukana.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu: Optimizer yubukungu
Mugihe BMS irinda selile kandi PCS ivugana na gride, EMS yinjiza amafaranga. Ubu buryo bukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kugereranya algorithms zerekana ibiciro bikwirakwizwa no guhitamo igihe cyo kwishyuza ibicuruzwa biva mu bimenyetso by’isoko, iteganyagihe, n’imbogamizi zikorwa.
Abakoresha bateri bakoresha software hamwe na algorithms kugirango bahuze umusaruro wingufu hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa, bashingiye kumibare yisoko ryamashanyarazi kugirango bumve imitwaro, itangwa, hamwe nabashoferi. EMS yakira ibiciro nyabyo - umwanya wibiciro byaho, isuzuma uko amafaranga yishyuwe, igereranya ibiciro byangirika kuri buri cyiciro, ikanagena amafaranga yinjira - ibikorwa byinshi buri minota 5-15.
Ibi bitera impagarara hagati yinjiza no kuramba. Amagare yimbitse kenshi yinjiza menshi ariko yihutisha kwangirika. EMS iringaniza mukubara ibiciro bitesha agaciro bateri (mubisanzwe $ 5-15 kuri MWh cyikinga) kandi ikohereza gusa mugihe igiciro cyakwirakwijwe kirenze iyo mbibi.
Imicungire yubushyuhe: Ikintu cyizewe cyicecekeye
Litiyumu - bateri ya ion ikora neza hagati ya dogere 15 na dogere 35. Hanze y'iryo dirishya, ubushobozi buragabanuka no gutesha agaciro byihuta. Inzu ya bateri ifite ibikoresho byo gucunga ubushyuhe kugirango igumane ubushyuhe bwa bateri, bubitswe mu bidatwikwa, bitarinda ikirere, UL -.
Uburyo bukonje buratandukanye kubipimo. Sisitemu yo guturamo ikoresha umuyaga ukonje hamwe nabafana. Ibikoresho byubucuruzi byongeramo ibicurane bikonjesha bizenguruka glycol binyuze mu byapa bikonje bifatanye na bateri. Ingirakamaro - ibikoresho bipima bihuza sisitemu ya HVAC hamwe noguhindura ubushyuhe, rimwe na rimwe bisaba 5-10% yubushobozi bwa sisitemu yose yo gucunga gusa ubushyuhe.
Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bifite akamaro nkubushyuhe buringaniye. Impamyabumenyi ya dogere 10 hejuru ya rack ikora ibipimo bitandukanye byo gutesha agaciro. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro bukoresha ibyuma byinshi byubushyuhe kuri rack kandi bigahindura ahantu hakonje byigenga, bikarinda ahantu hashyushye bigabanya ubuzima bwimyaka.
Ikibazo cyo Kwishyira hamwe: Aho Sisitemu Yananiwe
Kwishyira hamwe, guteranya, no kubaka nibyo byabaye intandaro yo gutsindwa kwa BESS, kubara 10 kuri 26 byabaye hamwe namakuru ahagije yo gushinja amakosa. Ibi birerekana ukuri kutoroheye: sisitemu yimikorere ikora, ariko gutuma bakorana bikomeza kuba ikibazo gikomeye cyinganda.
Impamvu Kwishyira hamwe Kunanirwa
Ibikoresho byiza nka DC na AC wiring, HVAC hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro akenshi bitangwa nabacuruzi batandukanye kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze byakorewe hamwe. BMS ivuye muruganda rumwe ivugana na protokole ya CANbus. PCS iteganya Modbus. EMS ivuga MQTT. Umuntu agomba kubaka ibikoresho byo hagati bisobanura hagati yibi - kandi icyo gisobanuro gihinduka ikintu cyananiranye.
Itumanaho ryitumanaho rihuza ibibazo. BMS itahura ubushyuhe - muri milisegonda 50. Kohereza itegeko ryo guhagarika PCS. Ariko niba icyo kimenyetso kinyura mumarembo ya EMS hamwe na 200 - milisegonda ya milisegonda, PCS ikomeje gusohora igihembwe - isegonda-ihagije kugirango umwanya wo guhunga utangire.
Grounding irema indi mine yo kwishyira hamwe. Buri sisitemu ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ishingiye kuri rack. PCS ishingiro kuri transformateur. Iyo ibi biremereye ibizunguruka, kuzenguruka imigezi bikurura amakosa cyangwa, birushijeho kuba bibi, guhisha ibintu byukuri kugeza igihe byananiranye.
Inzego zinyuranye mubikorwa
Tekereza ibirori byo kugenzura inshuro. Imiyoboro ya gride igabanuka kuri 59.92 Hz (munsi ya 60 Hz intego). Dore uko bigenda muburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ingufu za batiri subs ystem:
EMS yakira ibimenyetsouhereye kumurongo wa gride ukoresheje sisitemu yoherejwe yoherejwe (gutinda-milisegonda 50)
EMS ibaza BMSkuri reta iboneka hamwe nicyumba cyumuriro (gutinda-milisegonda 20)
EMS itegeka PCSgusohora kurwego rwimbaraga (gutinda-milisegonda 30)
PCS irazamukainverter isohoka ikurikira igitereko - igipimo cyerekana igipimo (500 milisegonda)
Ikurikirana rya BMSimbaraga za selile mugihe cyo gusohora, guhindura kuringaniza mugihe nyacyo -
Gucunga ubushyuhebyongera ubukonje buteganya kubyara ubushyuhe (gutinda kwa kabiri)
Igihe cyose cyo gusubiza: munsi yisegonda 1. Ariko buri sisitemu igomba kurangiza imikorere yayo. BMS ntishobora gutanga imbaraga selile zidafite. PCS ntishobora guhinduka byihuse kuruta transistors yayo ibemerera. Sisitemu yubushyuhe ntishobora gusubiza ako kanya kubyara ubushyuhe.
Niyo mpamvu hafi 19% yimishinga yo kubika bateri inararibonye yagabanutse kubera ibibazo bya tekiniki nigihe cyo guteganya. Sisitemu imwe idakora neza binyuze mumurongo wose wagaciro.
Ibyemezo byo Kugena Imyaka icumi - Ingaruka ndende
Amahitamo abiri yububiko asobanura imikoranire ya sisitemu: AC - ihujwe na DC - ihujwe, hamwe na hamwe hamwe na topologiya ikwirakwizwa.
AC - sisitemu ihujweguhuza ububiko bwa batiri kumurongo wizuba kuruhande rwa AC, bivuze ko buriwese afite inverter yigenga. BESS ifite inverter yihariye yihariye ihujwe na bateri. Ibi byoroshya retrofits ariko bisaba guhinduka kabiri (izuba DC → AC → DC bateri → AC grid), gutakaza 8-12% kubihombo bikora neza.
DC - sisitemu zifatanijekugabana inverter hagati yizuba nububiko, ihuza bisi ya DC. DC {{1} systems sisitemu ihujwe ikoresha inverter ya inverter isangiwe hagati ya PV na BESS. Ibi bizamura imikorere kuri 94 - 96% ariko bitera kwishingikiriza-niba inverter isangiwe inaniwe, izuba hamwe nububiko bigenda kumurongo.
Topologiya yibanzeikoresha PCS nini (2-5 MW) ihuza bateri nyinshi. Ibi bigabanya igiciro cyigishoro hamwe nibirenge ariko bitera ingingo imwe yo gutsindwa.
Ikwirakwizwa rya topologiyaibice bibiri bito bya PCS (100 - 500 kW) hamwe nibice byihariye. Ibi bigura 15-20% birenze ariko biremera gutesha agaciro-imwe PCS gutsindwa bigira ingaruka kuri rack gusa, ntabwo kwishyiriraho byose.
Gutinda kwa komisiyo kuva kumezi umwe kugeza kumezi abiri birasanzwe, hamwe bimwe bimara amezi umunani cyangwa arenga, akenshi biterwa nibibazo byo kwishyira hamwe birenze ibibazo bya tekiniki gusa. Uku gutinda ntabwo gusubika amafaranga yinjira gusa; kongererwa igihe cyubusa mbere yo gutangira bishobora gutesha bateri bicaye kuri reta zishyuwe.
Sisitemu Yumutekano: Kwigira Kubitagenda nabi
Kuva mu 2020, ibibazo bya BESS byananiranye byagabanutse, aho byabaye 15 mu 2023, ariko inkongi y'umuriro iheruka nko kubika ingufu za Gateway i San Diego muri Gicurasi 2024 yahuye n’umuriro - mu minsi irindwi. Ibi bintu byateye ubwihindurize muri sisitemu yumutekano.
Gutahura Ubushyuhe
Iyo bateri yananiwe, ubushyuhe bwakagari buzamuka vuba bidasanzwe - muri milisegonda. Ingufu zibitswe zisohora gitunguranye, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 400 muri thermo - imiti idasaba ogisijeni.
Kumenya hakiri kare bishingiye ku gipimo - cya - guhinduka. Ubushyuhe buzamuka dogere 5 mumunota umwe byerekana imikorere isanzwe. Ubushyuhe bwo gusimbuka dogere 5 mumasegonda icumi byerekana ko umuriro uza. Kwangirika kumubiri, kwangirika bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije, gusaza, cyangwa kubungabunga nabi biri mubitera guhunga ubushyuhe.
Ibice bya BMS byateye imbere ubu birimo:
Multi - ingingo yerekana ubushyuhe (sensor imwe kuri selile 4-6 aho kuba kuri module)
Gukurikirana ihungabana rya voltage (kugabanuka kwa voltage munsi yumutwaro ubanziriza ibintu byubushyuhe)
Gutahura gazi (guhunga ubushyuhe burekura ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bihindagurika mbere yumwotsi ugaragara)
Ikibazo cya sisitemu: umuvuduko wo gutahura nigipimo cyiza cyibinyoma. Birakabije kandi ibyashizweho byahagaritswe kumagare yumuyaga. Kwihanganirana cyane no gutahura biza bitinze.
Guhuza umuriro
Inzira yonyine yo kugenzura lithium - ion gutwika ni ugukoresha amazi menshi kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke kuburyo reaction ihagarara, cyangwa ikareka igashya. Ariko kwangirika kwamazi bitera ibibazo byayo - gushiramo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bitanga ingufu no kwanduza imiyoboro yumuyaga.
Uburyo bugezweho bwo guhagarika uburyo:
Urwego rwo kumenya:Ibyuma byerekana umwotsi, ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe, hamwe na VESDA (Ibikoresho Byambere Byerekana Umwotsi) ukoresheje icyitegererezo
Urwego rwo guhagarika:Sisitemu ya aerosol (kubirindiro bito), umwuzure wa gaz inert (azote cyangwa argon), hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzuza amazi.
Urwego rwo kwigunga:Module - urwego ruhagarika, rack - abahuza urwego, numuriro - byagaragaye inzitizi hagati ya racks
Sisitemu igomba guhuza. Gutahura gazi bitera module guhagarika, byerekana BMS kugabana imizigo, iburira EMS kuva mubyoherejwe ku isoko, itegeka PCS kumanuka - byose mbere yo guhagarika ibikorwa. Ibikurikiranye. Gukora guhagarika mugihe ugifite ingufu bitera ingaruka zo guturika.
Data Subsystems: Itandukaniro rituje
20% ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ikusanya gusa {{1} data amakuru meza, yangiza igihe kirekire - igihe cyo kwizerwa nagaciro k’umutungo. Ntabwo ari amasomo {{4} quality ubuziranenge bwamakuru agena niba ubona gutesha agaciro hakiri kare cyangwa ukavumbura bikabije.
Gukurikirana Ubwubatsi
Inganda BESS itanga amakuru atangaje. Ikigo cya MWh 100 gifite selile - gukurikirana urwego rutanga:
50, 000+ ibipimo bya voltage kumasegonda
30, 000+ gusoma ubushyuhe ku isegonda
10, 000+ ibipimo bigezweho ku isegonda
Gukomeza itumanaho ryamakuru, ibyabaye, no kugenzura amategeko
Sisitemu yimibare igomba gushungura urusaku, kwikuramo udatakaje amakuru yo kwisuzumisha, igihe cyagenwe neza (milisegonda isobanutse), kohereza neza, no kubika neza. Inshuro zombi zo kwinjiza amakuru hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri - munsi - amakuru yikemurwa arashobora kugoreka ibipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi no guhisha ibimenyetso byamakosa hakiri kare.
Ibikoresho byinshi byinjira kuri 1 - intera ya kabiri kugirango ugabanye ingano yamakuru. Ariko amakosa yimiterere ahinduka muri milisegonda. Ubwumvikane: gukomeza guhoraho - kugenzura umuvuduko kurwego rwa BMS hamwe na 100 - milisegonda, ikwirakwizwa mu karere. Guteranya kuri 1 - impuzandengo ya kabiri yo kubika urwego rwa EMS. Bika umunota 1 impuzandengo yigihe kirekire. Ariko buffer amakuru-yikirenga, kandi uyibike mugihe habaye anomalies.
Guteganya Kubungabunga Binyuze muri Data Sisitemu
Abakozi bateye imbere bacukumbura amakuru ya sisitemu yo gutesha agaciro. Kurwanya kwiyongera mubahuza DC bibanziriza gutsindwa nibyumweru. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe ishushanya kongera ibimenyetso byerekana ingufu zungurura. PCS isohoka yumurongo utezimbere guhuza kugoreka kuburira gusaza kwa capacitor.
Imashini yiga imashini yatojwe kumikoranire ya sisitemu irashobora guhanura ibyananiranye 2 - ibyumweru 4 mbere yo gukurikirana gakondo. Ibi bihindura kubungabunga kuva reaction kugeza kuri gahunda, kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe cyo kuva kuri 3-5% buri mwaka kugeza munsi ya 1%.
Ubukungu bwubukungu: Uburyo Ubwubatsi bugira ingaruka kumafaranga
Ububiko bwa Batteri bwinjiza amafaranga binyuze munzira nyinshi zinjira, buri kimwe gisaba imyitwarire itandukanye.
Ingufu za Arbitrage
Gura hasi (ijoro), kugurisha hejuru (impinga ya nimugoroba). Byumvikane neza. Ariko sisitemu yimikorere itera ibiciro byo guterana amagambo:
Imipaka ya BMS:Kuzenguruka cyane byihuta kwangirika. BMS irashobora kubuza gusohora munsi ya 20% SoC kugirango irinde ubuzima bwa bateri, bigatuma iyo 20% yubushobozi idashobora kuboneka nkemurampaka.
Inzitizi za PCS:Inverters ifite igipimo ntarengwa (mubisanzwe 10-20% yubushobozi kumunota). Niba ibiciro bizamutse gitunguranye, PCS ntishobora gufata iminota mike yambere yibiciro bihanitse mugihe cyo kuzamuka.
Kubuza ubushuhe:Mu gihe cyizuba ryinshi - mugihe ibiciro biri hejuru - ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bugabanya ingufu zo gusohora. Ubushyuhe bwumuriro ntibushobora gukonja byihuse, guhatira EMS kugabanya umusaruro wa 15-25% neza mugihe amafaranga yinjiye.
Ibi ntabwo ari hypothettike. Abakoresha bateri bagomba gucunga ibyago byo gutanga ingufu mumasoko mugihe basaba kugura izo mbaraga hakiri kare, bigatera ingaruka zifitanye isano. Kugabanuka kwa sisitemu yo kubuza gusohora byuzuye mugihe cyizamuka ryibiciro bihindura amafaranga ateganijwe kwinjiza $ 50.000 kumunsi kwinjiza $ 35,000-30% yogosha imisatsi biturutse kumyubakire yububiko.
Amabwiriza yinshuro
Ububiko bwa bateri burashobora kuva mumurongo ujya mumbaraga zuzuye mumasegonda kugirango uhangane na gride itunguranye, bigatuma biba byiza kugenzura imirongo. Ariko iyi serivisi yinyongera ishimangira sisitemu zitandukanye nubukemurampaka.
Amabwiriza arasaba guhora yishyuza no gusohora - gusubiza ibyapa byigenga byikora buri masegonda 4. Batare ikora inshuro nyinshi irashobora gukora mikoro 10,000 - buri munsi ugereranije na 1-2 zuzuye kugirango ubukemurampaka.
Ibi birema sisitemu yo kwambara:
BMS:Imirongo iringaniza ingirabuzimafatizo ikora ubudahwema, gushyushya iringaniza
PCS:Transistors ihinduka kenshi, byihutisha ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Ubushyuhe:Imbaraga zihoraho zitanga ubushyuhe buhoraho busaba gukonja guhoraho
Moderi ya Batiri:Ubushobozi buturuka kuri micro - inzinguzingo zitandukanye nubwoko bwimbitse -
Amafaranga yinjira kuri MW ni menshi (akenshi 2 - 3x ubukemurampaka), ariko ibiciro bitaziguye biturutse ku kwangirika byihuse nabyo biri hejuru. Ubwubatsi bwububiko bugena niba iyi karamu yubucuruzi hanze.
Emerging Subsystem Technologies Ivugurura Inganda
Ikibazo - Ibibazo byo Kwishyira hamwe kwa Leta
Batteri zikomeye - bateri zisezeranya umutekano mwiza nubucucike bwingufu, ariko zirema ingufu za batiri kubika sisitemu yo guhuza umutwe. Batteri zikomeye - bateri zisezeranya umutekano mwiza, ubwinshi bwingufu, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kubaho, birashoboka kugabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu muri rusange.
BMS zubu zateguwe hafi yuburyo bwa electrolyte yananiwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo - ingirabuzimafatizo zananirana mu buryo butandukanye - gukura kwa lithium dendrite aho guhunga ubushyuhe, gucika imashini aho kumeneka kwa electrolyte. Kwinjizamo bikomeye - selile za leta bisaba ingamba zogukurikirana zuburyo bushya, uburyo butandukanye bwo kuringaniza, hamwe nubuyobozi bwahinduwe nubushyuhe.
PCS, ariko, ntabwo yitaye kuri chimie ya electrolyte. Ireba gusa voltage nubu. Ibi bivuze ko bat - bateri za leta zishobora gusubira mubikorwa byashizweho muguhindura modul mugihe ugumya guhindura imbaraga no kugenzura sisitemu. Ariko BMS igomba kuzamura cyane.
AI - Gucunga Ingufu
Ubwenge bwa artile hamwe no kwiga imashini byinjizwa muri sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu kugirango ishobore gukurikirana - kugenzura igihe, kubungabunga ibiteganijwe, no gukora neza. Aho kugirango amategeko - yoherejwe (yishyuza mugihe igiciro <$ 30 / MWh), sisitemu ya AI irahanura:
Amahirwe yo kwinjiza amahirwe yo kugabura
Gutesha agaciro ibiciro bigendeye ku bushyuhe n'uburebure bwa cycle
Serivise ya serivise isaba amahirwe arenze amasaha 24-48
Ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika inyuma - agaciro ibyabaye
Ibi bihindura EMS kuva reaction kuri probabilistic. EMS gakondo ibona $ 50 / MWh igiciro ihitamo gusohora. AI EMS ibona igiciro cya $ 50 / MWh, iteganya amahirwe 70% y’ibiciro $ 80 / MWh mu masaha 2, ikareba SoC hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwa none, ikanahitamo gufata - yinjiza $ 30 / MWh igihe ubuhanuzi bumaze kugera.
Ikibazo cya sisitemu: AI isaba ubuziranenge bwamakuru 20% ya sisitemu idatanga ubu. Imyanda muri, imyanda isohoka ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukwiga imashini.
Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu
Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu za Hybrid zihuza bateri hamwe nikoranabuhanga nka supercapacitor - mugihe bateri zibika ingufu nyinshi mugihe kirekire, supercapacator ziza cyane muburyo bwihuse / gusohora.
Ibi birema amashanyarazi mashya yo kubika ingufu za sisitemu: kugabana ingufu. Iyo ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura kigeze, gikwiye gukoresha ingufu za bateri cyangwa imbaraga za supercapacitor? Supercapacitor ikora sub - ihindagurika rya kabiri (amagana yikurikiranya kumasaha) mugihe bateri zitwara gutandukana bikabije (iminota kumasaha).
Igenzura rya Hybrid ryicaye hagati ya EMS na sisitemu yo kubika kugiti cye, igenera amategeko yingufu zishingiye kubirimo. Inzira ndende - ibice byinshyi (hejuru ya 0.1 Hz) inzira ya supercapacitor. Hasi - ibice byumurongo ugana kuri bateri. Ibi bizamura igihe cya bateri 40-60% mugukoresha amabwiriza mugukomeza umuvuduko.
Gutegura Subsystem Resilience: Amasomo avuye kumurima
Amahame atatu yo gushushanya atandukanya ibice bikora kuri 97-99% kuboneka kubarwanira 85-90%.
Kugabanuka Aho Bifite akamaro (Ntabwo ari hose)
Batteri zirenze urugero zihenze kandi utsinde intego - urimo kwishyura ubushobozi udashobora kugurisha. Ariko sisitemu yo kugabanuka iratanga umusaruro:
Igenzura rya EMS ebyiri:Imwe ikora, imwe ishyushye. Kunanirwa munsi yamasegonda 30. Igiciro: $ 15,000 y'inyongera. Amafaranga yinjira arinzwe icyumweru - gusimbuza umugenzuzi muremure: $ 500, 000+.
N +1 Iboneza rya PCS:Ibice bine 1-MW PCS kubushobozi bwa MW 3 aho kuba imwe ya MW 3. Umwe birananirana, uri kuri 75% ubushobozi, ntabwo ari zeru. Igiciro cyo hejuru: 18%. Gutezimbere kuboneka: 6-8%.
Inzira zitumanaho zirenze urugero:Ihuza ryibanze binyuze muri fibre, kugarura ukoresheje modem ya selire. Iyo fibre igabanijwe mugihe cyo kubaka cyegeranye (bibaho birenze uko wabitekereza), kugarura selile ikomeza ibikorwa byibanze. Igiciro: $ 3000. Igihe cyo guhagarika cyabujijwe: iminsi ishobora kuba.
Ikidakeneye kurengerwa: moderi ya bateri kugiti cye. Iyo umwe ananiwe, abandi bafata akajagari mu buryo bwikora. Kurenga - ingero module ibara "mugihe gusa" isesagura igishoro.
Sisitemu Yarebwa Gukubita Sisitemu Yizewe
Ntushobora kugumana ibyo udashobora gupima. Ibishushanyo mbonera byiza byibanze bishyira imbere:
Nukuri - umwanya wibibahokwerekana imbaraga zitemba, sisitemu yimiterere, hamwe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe
Imenyekanisha ryibanze(kunegura / kuburira / amakuru) kugirango wirinde umunaniro ukangutse
Ibikoresho byo gusesengura inziragutwikira imikorere nyayo irwanya gutesha agaciro
Gukina amakosakwemerera inyandiko - ibyabaye gusubiramo ibyerekeranye na sisitemu iganisha ku kunanirwa
Gutinda kwa komisiyo biri hagati yukwezi kumwe n amezi abiri mubisanzwe, hamwe nabakozi badafite uburambe rimwe na rimwe bakora amakosa asubiza imishinga inyuma. Sisitemu igaragara ishobora kureka abakora bato bakumva ibibera mbere yo guteza ibibazo.
Porogaramu - Ibikorwa Remezo bisobanuwe
Kwiyubaka cyane birashobora gufata sisitemu nka software - yasobanuwe kuruta ibyuma - byagenwe. BMS ikora kuri software ishobora kuvugururwa. EMS ikoresha binyuze muri kontineri. Igenzura logique iba muri dosiye iboneza, ntabwo ikomye.
Mugihe ibyo uruganda rukora kuri bateri ya sodium - ion yakonje mugihe ibiciro bya LFP byakomeje kugenda bigabanuka, kwishyiriraho hamwe na software - byubatswe byashobokaga kugarura uburyo bwo kwishyuza algorithms kuri chimisties zitandukanye binyuze muma software aho kuyasimbuza ibyuma.
Ihinduka rifite ingaruka mbi: umutekano wa cyber wiyongera hamwe nubushobozi bwa kure bwo kuvugurura. BESS sisitemu yububiko noneho igomba kubara ubwoko bwibitero nibishobora kuvamo, hamwe nubushobozi ningaruka mbi ziterwa no gukoresha nabi ibice byasuzumwe neza. Porogaramu yose - yasobanuwe sisitemu ihinduka igitero cyo hejuru.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu?
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) irinda selile kugiti cye ikurikirana voltage, ubushyuhe, nubu kuri selire cyangwa module. Irinda imikorere idahwitse kandi igereranya ubuzima bwa bateri. Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) itezimbere imikorere yubukungu yikigo cyose muguhitamo igihe cyo kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora hashingiwe kubiciro byisoko, ibimenyetso bya gride, nimbogamizi zikorwa. BMS ikorera kuri milisegonda inshuro yibanda kumutekano; EMS ikora kumunota - kugeza - isaha yibanda kumafaranga. Byombi ni ngombwa, ariko bikora imirimo itandukanye rwose.
Kuki sisitemu yo kubika bateri ikenera gucunga ubushyuhe niba bateri ikora mubushyuhe bwicyumba?
Batteri irwara gusaza, cyangwa kwangirika guterwa no kwishyurwa - gusohora, byihuta cyane hanze yubushyuhe bwiza. Litiyumu - ion selile ikora kuri dogere 45 itesha agaciro kabiri inshuro imwe kuri dogere 25. Ikirenzeho, ubusumbane bwubushyuhe muri sisitemu ya bateri butera selile zangirika ku bipimo bitandukanye, biganisha ku gutakaza ubushobozi no kongera umutekano muke. Imicungire yubushyuhe ntabwo ikonje gusa - ikomeza ubushyuhe bumwe mubihumbi ibihumbi kugirango barebe ko basaza kandi bakomeze kuringaniza.
Ese sisitemu ya batiri ituruka mubikorwa bitandukanye ishobora gukorana?
Nibyo, ariko hamwe na caveats. Ibikoresho byiza nka DC na AC wiring, HVAC, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro akenshi bitangwa nabacuruzi batandukanye kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze byakorewe hamwe. Porotokole isanzwe yitumanaho (Modbus, CANbus, DNP3) yemerera imikoranire yibanze, ariko ibintu byateye imbere akenshi bisaba protocole yihariye. Kwipimisha kwishyira hamwe biba ingirakamaro - abakozi badafite uburambe cyangwa amakosa yo kwishyira hamwe agira uruhare mubukererwe bwa komisiyo yukwezi kumwe. Mbere - ibisubizo bihuriweho nabatanga isoko bitwara amafaranga menshi ariko bigabanya ingaruka za komisiyo.
Nigute sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi itwara bateri igabanuka mugihe cyo gusohora?
Ibice bya PCS bigezweho birimo ramp - hasi ya algorithms. Mugihe leta yishyurwa yegereje imipaka ntarengwa (mubisanzwe 10 - 20%), BMS yohereza imburi zahawe impamyabumenyi kuri EMS, itegeka PCS kugabanya ingufu ziva buhoro buhoro. Aho kuzimya mu buryo butunguranye - byahungabanya urusaku-PCS igenda kuva 100% ikagera kuri 80% ikagera kuri 60% hejuru yamasegonda 30-60, bigaha abakoresha gride umwanya wo kuzana ubundi buryo kumurongo. Guhagarika byihutirwa bibaho kubwumutekano, ariko imikorere isanzwe itanga kwangirika neza aho gutandukana gitunguranye.
Bigenda bite iyo bateri imwe yananiwe kwishyiriraho nini?
Sisitemu ikomeje gukora kubushobozi buke. Ibikoresho bya batiri bihuza muburyo bubangikanye, iyo rero umwe ahagaritse, abandi bagumana ingufu zitemba. BMS itandukanya rack yananiwe ikoresheje abahuza - amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike ayitandukanya na bisi ya DC. EMS yakira imenyekanisha ry'ubushobozi bwagabanutse kandi igahindura amasoko ku isoko. PCS ntabwo "ibona" ibice byihariye, gusa imbaraga za DC zose hamwe nubu, bityo ihita ihuza nimbaraga zose ibisigaye bishobora gutanga. Amafaranga yinjira agabanuka ugereranije nubushobozi bwatakaye, ariko kwishyiriraho bikomeza gukora mugihe gusana bikomeje.
Ni ubuhe buryo buringaniye bwo kwishyurwa no kugereranya ubuzima muri sisitemu nyayo?
Mugihe cyagenzuwe, SoC igereranya igera kuri 2 - 3% byukuri. Mubihe byumurima hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye, gusaza, nuburemere bwimitwaro, ubunyangamugayo bugabanuka kugeza 5 - 8%. Ikigereranyo cyubuzima ntigisobanutse neza - mubisanzwe muri 10% yubushobozi busigaye. Uku kutamenya neza guhatira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije: niba BMS igereranya 80% SoC ifite ± 5% ikizere, EMS ifata ubushobozi bushoboka nka 75% kugirango birinde impanuka zirenze urugero. Kunoza iyi mibare ukoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo kwerekana no kugereranya igihe gikomeje kuba ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi, kuko buri ijanisha ryikigereranyo cyibinyoma bitwara ibihumbi ijana byinjira buri mwaka mubikorwa binini.
Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kubaho bwa sisitemu zitandukanye?
Moderi ya bateri isanzwe yemeza 10 - imyaka 15 cyangwa 4000 - 6,000 cycle -yaba iyambere. Sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi imara imyaka 15-20 hamwe no kubungabunga buri gihe (gusimbuza capacitor buri myaka 5-7, gusimbuza abafana buri myaka 3-5). Sisitemu yo kugenzura na software bifite ubuzima butazwi ariko bisaba kuvugurura buri myaka 2-3 kugirango ibungabunge umutekano n'umutekano. Ibyuma byo gucunga ubushyuhe (ibice bya HVAC, abafana, pompe) bikora kumyaka 10-15 hamwe no kubungabunga buri mwaka. Kudahuza mubuzima burashiraho ingamba zo gusimbuza module-witeze gusimbuza moderi ya batiri inshuro 1-2 mugihe ugumya guhindura ingufu no kugenzura ibikorwa remezo mubuzima bwumushinga wimyaka 30.
Ibitekerezo bya Subsystem Guhindura Byose
Kubika Bateri ntabwo ari chimie gusa. Nibintu bigoye guhuza kugenzura, kugenzura, guhindura, gucunga ubushyuhe, hamwe na sisitemu yumutekano - buri kimwe gifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa, ibisabwa byo kubungabunga, hamwe nimbogamizi zikorwa.
Nubwo umwaka wa 55% - ku kuzamuka kwa - mu mwaka wa BESS ku isi hiyongereyeho 69 GW / 169 GWh mu 2024, inganda ziracyahanganye n’ibibazo byo kubika ingufu za batiri. Ibisanzwe bisanzwe kunanirwa hafi ya byose biterwa na moderi ya batiri ntabwo aribyo - ibyabaye byinshi byerekana kuringaniza - bya - ibice bya sisitemu nibibazo byo kwishyira hamwe.
Gusobanukirwa na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri zihindura uburyo usuzuma ibyashizweho, guhanura ibitagenze neza, guhindura imikorere, no gushushanya imbaraga. Ingirabuzimafatizo zitanga ingufu, ariko sisitemu zitanga ubwizerwe, umutekano, nagaciro k’ubukungu. Mu nganda aho hafi 19% yimishinga ifite uburambe bwagabanije kugaruka kubibazo bya tekiniki, ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu akenshi itandukanya ibyagezweho neza no gutenguha bihenze.
Ibikorwa bitatu byihariye bitezimbere imikorere yimikorere ako kanya:
Shyira mubikorwa selile - gukurikirana urwegoaho ingengo yimari yemerera - module - gukurikirana urwego ibura ibipimo byatsinzwe hakiri kare selile - amakuru yerekana.
Shyira imbere ikizamini cyo kwishyira hamwemugihe cyo gutangiza - gutinda kwukwezi kumwe kugeza kumezi abiri birasanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bikageza kumezi umunani kubera ibibazo byo kwishyira hamwe, ariko kwipimisha neza birinda ibibazo bikomeye nyuma.
Gushiraho ibipimo fatizo byubuziranengeguhera kumunsi wambere - 20% ya sisitemu ikusanya gusa {{2} data amakuru meza yangiza imicungire yumutungo muremure.
Kubika ingufu za bateri bizakomeza kwiyongera - abategura gahunda bateganya 18.2 GW yingirakamaro - yongerewe ingufu za batiri muri 2025. Ariko igipimo gikuza ibibazo bya sisitemu aho kubikemura. Ibikoresho bitera imbere bizaba aribyo byubaka ubwubatsi butagaragara buhuza bateri na gride, umutekano mubukungu, hamwe nukuri - kugenzura igihe kirekire - igihe cyo kwizerwa.
Ibyingenzi
Kunanirwa kwa bateri kubara umubare muto wibyabaye BESS - kwishyira hamwe, guterana, no kugenzura ibibazo bya sisitemu bitera ibibazo byinshi
Ibice bitanu byingenzi bisobanura imikorere ya sisitemu: moderi ya batiri, BMS, PCS, EMS, hamwe nubuyobozi bwumuriro, buri kimwe gikora mubihe bitandukanye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byububiko (AC na DC guhuza, guhuza hamwe no gukwirakwiza topologiya) bifite imyaka icumi - byinjira kandi byizewe
Ubwiza bwamakuru bugena niba kubungabunga ibiteganijwe bishoboka-20% ya sisitemu ibura gukemura bihagije
Sisitemu yumutekano igomba guhuza gutahura, guhagarika, no kwigunga muburyo bwihariye kugirango birinde kuzamuka
Imikorere yubukungu iterwa nuburyo sisitemu ikemura ibibazo bivuguruzanya - maxim