Sisitemu yo guhuza umuriro nububiko bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura inshuro

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za baterizikoreshwa hafi ya zose zibyara ingufu, kohereza no gukoresha. Bitewe nigihe gito cyo gusubiza, kwihuta kwihuta no kugenzura neza, bizana kwaguka gukomeye no kunoza imikorere cyangwa imikorere mubice byose byasabwe.

Amahame shingiro ya AGC mumashanyarazi yubushyuhe

Sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora kuri frequence nimbaraga zikora muri sisitemu yingufu yitwa Automatic Generator Control (AGC). Mubisanzwe bivuga kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kwintego yumutwaro wateganijwe kubyara ibice bitaziguye na power gride yohereza binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura (DCS). Nibikorwa byibanze byo kubyara ibice.

Hashingiwe ku gutanga ingufu nyinshi - ingufu z'amashanyarazi zifite ireme, AGC (Automatic Generation Control) ihaza igihe nyacyo - igihe cyo kugereranya amashanyarazi n'ibisabwa, kandi igasubiza impinduka z'umutwaro mu minota mike kugeza ku minota mirongo, bityo bikaba bikurikiza amategeko ya kabiri. Inshingano zibanze zirimo gukomeza umurongo wa gride murwego rwemewe rwikosa, ni ukuvuga ikosa ryinshuro - guhinduka kubuntu; kugenzura net net power ya gride ihujwe kugirango ikore ukurikije agaciro kateganijwe; kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zahinduwe za gride ihuza imiyoboro iteganijwe; no guhuza amashanyarazi (ibice) yitabira amabwiriza ya kure kugirango akore akurikije ihame ryiza ryogutanga ubukungu, kugirango arusheho kugwiza inyungu za gride, hashingiwe ku kuzuza inzitizi z’umutekano wa gride, inshuro za gride, hamwe na gahunda yo guhanahana amakuru hanze, bityo bikagira uruhare mukugenzura inshuro eshatu.

Kugirango habeho imikorere itekanye kandi ihamye ya sisitemu yingufu, haribisabwa intego kubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi atanga uruhare mubikorwa bya AGC (Automatic Generation Control). Muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa, ubushobozi bwapimwe bw’amashanyarazi yitabira AGC muri rusange busaba ko babarirwa hejuru ya 50% yubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho muri sisitemu, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi yitabira AGC bingana na 15% byimitwaro ya sisitemu. By'umwihariko, kubice byamashanyarazi yitabira AGC, mugihe ingufu zapimwe ari P, urwego rwo kugenzura ingufu muri rusange ni 50% P kugeza 100% P; igipimo ntarengwa cyo guhindura ingufu kumunota ni 3% P; igihe cyo kugenzura imitwaro igihe kigomba kuba munsi yamasegonda 30; naho kubijyanye na dinamike ikosora, gufata 300MW yumuriro wumuriro nkurugero, ikosa ryo kugenzura ntiri munsi ya 3MW, kandi ikosa ntarengwa riri munsi ya 5MW.

 

Sisitemu ya AGC, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, igizwe ahanini n’umugenzuzi wa AGC ku kigo cyohereza amashanyarazi, umuyoboro nyawo - wohereza igihe, ishami rishinzwe kugenzura kure (RTU), na DCS y’ikigo. Amashanyarazi yohereza amashanyarazi, ashingiye kubintu nyabyo - igihe cyerekeranye numurongo wa gride, imiterere yimikorere, hamwe na grid frequency, yohereza kure imizigo kubice, itanga amategeko ya AGC.

Aya mabwiriza yoherezwa muri RTU y’amashanyarazi akoresheje umuyoboro wa kure, nko mu itumanaho. RTU noneho yohereza amabwiriza ya AGC nka 4 - 20mA yerekana ibimenyetso kuri DCS yikigo. DCS ihindura ingufu zumuriro nyazo zishingiye kumipaka yimitwaro no kugereranya igipimo cyimiterere, ikurikirana amategeko ya AGC. Icyarimwe, urwego nyarwo - umwanya wigihe, nkibisohoka ingufu nyazo, uko ibikorwa bya AGC bigenda, umutwaro no kugabanya igipimo cy’ibipimo, bihindurwamo ibimenyetso 4 - 20mA byerekanwa na transmit hanyuma bigashyikirizwa RTU. RTU noneho ihindura urwego nyarwo - umwanya mubihe byamakuru ya telemetrie, byoherezwa mukigo cyohereza amashanyarazi binyuze mumiyoboro ya kure ikoresheje itumanaho ryinshi -. Niyo mpamvu, AGC ni uburyo bwa kure bwo gufunga-kugenzura uburyo bwo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, bwubatswe kuri sisitemu ishingiye kuri mudasobwa igenzura no kugenzura amakuru (SCADA), amashanyarazi ashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa, hamwe na sisitemu yo kohereza amakuru yizewe cyane.

Amabwiriza ya AGC hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwo gusubiza amashanyarazi yumuriro yerekanwa kumashusho:

Nka serivisi yishyuwe yishyuwe itangwa ninganda zamashanyarazi kuri gride yamashanyarazi, AGC (Automatic Generation Control) igengwa numuyoboro utandukanye wamashanyarazi mukarere binyuze mumategeko arambuye ashyira mubikorwa gahunda ya grid - ihuza imiyoboro ya serivise ifasha hamwe na gride - imicungire yibikorwa (byitwa "amategeko abiri"). Aya mategeko atanga amabwiriza arambuye kubijyanye no kubara imikorere nuburyo bwo gusuzuma serivisi zishyuwe, harimo na AGC. Dufashe "amategeko abiri" (verisiyo ivuguruye ya 2019) y’amashanyarazi mu karere k’amashanyarazi yo mu karere k’amajyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’isuzuma ry’amashanyarazi atanga serivisi za AGC birimo indangagaciro K_An'ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana imikorere K._p, aho K._pirerekanwa muburyo bukurikira:

K_p=K₁×K₂×K₃

Muri formula: