Urugendo rwa Batteri Urugendo: AC vs DC RTE

Urugendo rwa Batteri ruzenguruka (RTE) numubare umwe wingenzi muguhitamo ingufu sisitemu ya bateri izatanga mubyukuri muri serivisi. Litiyumu igezweho pack- ipaki ya batiri ipimye kuri terminal ya DC mubisanzwe igwa hagati ya 92% na 96%. Gupfunyika iyo paki muri sisitemu yo guhindura imbaraga (PCS), gucunga ubushyuhe, kugenzura no kwikorera imizigo, hamwe numero ya AC - numubare wabakiriya ubunararibonye ni 84% kugeza 92%. Kurongora - sisitemu ya aside iricara munsi, hafi 70% kugeza 85%. Ibyo byuho bisa nkimpapuro, ariko mugihe cyumunsi wiminsi 365 bahitamo niba umushinga utera intego yo kwishyura.

Aka gatabo gakubiyemo formulaire, RTE isanzwe ikurikirana na chimie, itandukaniro riri hagati ya bateri - urwego na sisitemu - nimero yurwego, niki gitera igihombo, nibibazo ugomba kubaza mbere yo gushyira umukono kuri progaramu yo kugura BESS.
 

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora ingendo za Bateri?

Urugendo ruzenguruka ni igipimo cyingufu zikoreshwa bateri itanga imbaraga washyizemo kugirango uyishyure, igaragazwa nkijanisha. Kwishyuza sisitemu ifite 100 kWh, subiza 90 kWh, kandi RTE ni 90%. Igihombo kijya mubushyuhe bukabije muri selile na busbars, igihombo cyo guhindura muri PCS, hamwe nu mutwaro wa parasitike nka sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS), HVAC, abafana, abahuza na electronics.

Amasoko, RTE irenze amatsiko ya tekiniki. Irashiraho mu buryo butaziguye umubare w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, uzimya - amashanyarazi ya gride cyangwa lisansi - igihe cyo gutanga amashanyarazi gitakaza buri cyiciro, kandi gihindura ingano ya bateri ukeneye kugirango ugere ku ntego yatanzwe. Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri AmerikaIbiro by'amashanyarazina Sandia National Laboratories 'protocole protocole byombi bifata RTE nka KPI yibanze yo kubika bihagaze, hamwe nubushobozi nigihe cyo gusubiza.

Inzira ya Bateri Yurugendo Rwiza

Inzira iroroshye:

Urugendo ruzenguruka (%)=Ingufu zashizwe ÷ Ingufu zishyurwa × 100

Tuvuge ko sisitemu ya kabili 100 kWh yo hanze ikuramo 95 kWh kuri gride mugihe idirishya rya char- ryishyuza kandi rigasohora 85 kWh mugihe cya nimugoroba. Urugendo rwa AC ruzenguruka kuri urwo ruzinduko ni 85 ÷ 95 × 100=89.5%. Koresha ibara rimwe muburyo bwinshi kugirango woroshye - kurusaku rwo gupima - Porotokole yo gusuzuma Sandia irasaba impuzandengo yikurikiranya ryinshi nuburyo bukoreshwa kumubare uhagarariye.

Ikintu kimwe formula iterekana: aho metero iri. Himura ingingo yo gupimisha kuva muri selire ya selire kuri AC switchboard hanyuma bateri imwe yumubiri izatanga raporo itandukanye. Niyo mpamvu impapuro ebyiri zivuga "95% RTE" zishobora gusobanura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye cyane.
 

Ingendo Zisanzwe Zuzenguruka Ubwoko bwa Bateri

Imibare ikurikira irerekana ibisanzwe bivugwa kuva ku rupapuro rwabigenewe, raporo ya tekiniki ya NREL no gupima umurima. Mubifate nka ballpark - imikorere nyayo iterwa na C - igipimo, ubushyuhe, idirishya rya SOC nimbibi za sisitemu.

• LiFePO4 (fosifate ya lithium):92% kugeza 96% DC RTE kurwego rwipaki; 86% kugeza 92% AC RTE kurwego rwa sisitemu. Ubutabire bwa chimie yiganjemo ububiko bwubucuruzi ninganda.
• NMC lithium - ion:92% kugeza 95% DC RTE. Bikunze kugaragara muri EV - byakomotse kuri modul hamwe na sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za C&I aho ubucucike bwingirakamaro burenze ubuzima bwigihe kirekire.
• Kurongora - aside (umwuzure na AGM):70% kugeza 85% DC RTE, igabanuka cyane kubushyuhe buke cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi. Biracyakoreshwa mugihe gito cyo gusubira inyuma ariko gake cyane guhitamo neza kumagare ya buri munsi.
• Vanadium redox itemba:65% kugeza 80% AC RTE. Hasi kurenza lithium kubera pompe parasitike imizigo hamwe ningendo ya shunt, ariko hamwe nubuzima burebure bwigihe kirekire hamwe nubujyakuzimu - ya - kwihanganira gusohora.
• Sodium - ion:85% kugeza 92% DC RTE muri selile zubucuruzi zubu. Gusezerana kubiciro - imishinga yoroheje ariko imikorere iracyahinduka kubakora.

Niba urimo gupima chemisties kurwanya imikoreshereze yihariye, gusenyuka kwaubwoko bwa bateri butandukanye bwo kubika ingufuijya mubucuruzi - offs muburyo burambuye.

Batteri - Urwego RTE vs DC RTE vs AC RTE vs Sisitemu RTE

Aha niho impaka nyinshi zitanga amasoko zitangirira. Datasheets yerekana imibare yapimwe kumipaka ine itandukanye, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yaryo ni gake cyane kurenza amanota 4 ku ijana.

• Akagari - urwego RTE (94% –97%):Gupimirwa kuri selile imwe ya terefone munsi ya laboratoire igenzurwa. Ni ingirakamaro mu kugereranya chimie, ntabwo ari ingano ya sisitemu.
• Gupakira / DC RTE (92% –96%):Gupimirwa muri bisi ya DC ya paki yateranijwe, harimo igihombo cya BMS ariko ukuyemo PCS. Numubare benshi bagurisha lithium bapakira ibicuruzwa.
• AC RTE (86% - 92%):Harimo AC - kugeza - DC ihinduka mugihe cyo kwishyuza na DC - kugeza - Guhindura AC mugihe cyo gusohora binyuze muri PCS. Umubare uri inyuma - umukiriya wa - mubyukuri.
• Byuzuye - sisitemu RTE (82% –90%):Ongeraho HVAC, igenzura, impinduka, imbaraga zifasha hamwe no gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Umubare ukwiye wubukungu bwumushinga no kwerekana umusaruro.

Kumasoko, AC cyangwa sisitemu - sisitemu RTE hafi ya yose ifite akamaro kuruta selile - imikorere myiza, kuko yerekana ingufu zikoreshwa mugihe cyo kwinjiza cyangwa kuzigama. Kugereranya selile yumucuruzi - urwego 96% nundi mucuruzi wuzuye - sisitemu 87% ntabwo arintambara iboneye - kandi bibaho buri gihe. Uruhare rwa inverter muri iki cyuho ni runini bihagije kubyumvasisitemu yo guhindura imbaraga (PCS)ni byiza gusoma.
 

Impamvu Kuzenguruka Urugendo rutigera na rimwe 100%

Ihinduka ryose hamwe nibitemba byumuyaga binyuze mubintu bifatika bisaba ingufu. Indobo yiganjemo igihombo ni:

Kurwanya imbere no gushyushya joule.Ibiriho binyuze muri selile, busbars, fus, abahuza ninsinga bitanga I²R igihombo nkubushyuhe. Niyo mpamvu imikorere - C - imikorere yikigereranyo igabanya imikorere: gukuba kabiri inshuro enye igihombo cyo guhangana ningufu zimwe zimutse.

Igihombo cyamashanyarazi.Litiyumu - ion intercalation reaction irahindurwa cyane ariko sibyo rwose. Agace gato k'ingufu kabuze imbaraga zirenze urugero, reaction kuruhande hamwe nubushyuhe buke buri cyiciro.

Igihombo cya PCS.Ikurikiranyabihe rya kijyambere PCS ikora hafi 97% –98.5% ikora neza ku mutwaro wagenwe ariko igabanuka ku buryo bugaragara ku mutwaro muto igice - rimwe na rimwe munsi ya 92% kuri 10% yikuramo. Guhindura kabiri kuri buri cyiciro (kwishyuza no gusohora) byongera igihombo.

BMS n'imitwaro ya parasitike.Kuringaniza ingirabuzimafatizo, itumanaho, abahuza, gukonjesha abafana hamwe na elegitoroniki ihagaze ikoresha ingufu ubudahwema. Mugihe cyoroheje cyisubiramo cyama progaramu, imitwaro ya parasitike irashobora kugabanya bucece kugabanya imikorere igaragara mukwezi kwishura.

Gucunga ubushyuhe.Icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa gukonjesha bikurura imbaraga nyazo. Mu kirere gishyushye, sisitemu ya HVAC yuzuye ibintu birashobora guhinduranya sisitemu RTE ku manota 2-4 ku ijana. Guhitamosisitemu yo gukonjesha kuri BESSshiraho iyi mibare.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku rugendo rwo kuzenguruka

RTE ntabwo ari umutungo uhamye wa bateri. Igenda hamwe nibikorwa, rimwe na rimwe amanota arenga 5 ku ijana.

C - igipimo

Imibare myinshi ya lithium yerekana RTE kuri 0.5C cyangwa 0.25C. Kuri 1C ipaki imwe mubisanzwe itakaza amanota 1-3; kuri 2C, ibindi. Niba umubare wumucuruzi wumurongo wapimwe kuri 0.2C ariko umushinga wawe uzunguruka kuri 1C kugirango wogoshe impinga, tegereza ko munsi - isi ikora neza kuruta agatabo.

Ubushyuhe

Ubushyuhe bukonje bwongera cyane kurwanya imbere. Ipaki ya LiFePO4 itanga 94% DC RTE kuri dogere 25 irashobora kugabanuka munsi ya 88% kuri dogere 0, kandi kwishyuza lithium - ion mubisanzwe birabujijwe munsi ya dogere 0 kugirango wirinde lithium. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bufasha kuzenguruka - gukora neza mugihe gito ariko kwihutisha gusaza kalendari no guhatira HVAC gukora cyane. Basabwelithium ya batiri yubushyuheni byiza kugenzura aho washyizeho mbere yo gupima imicungire yubushyuhe.

Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora nidirishya rya SOC

Operating between 10%–90% SOC is generally more efficient than pushing to 0%–100%, because end-of-charge and end-of-discharge regions have higher overpotentials. Many commercial systems are factory-configured to a slightly narrower window for this reason - and to extend cycle life.

Sisitemu yububiko

DC {0 AC - ibishushanyo bifatanije gutsindira retrofit yoroshye hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye. Nta nubwo ari byiza ku isi hose; guhitamo neza biterwa nuko wubaka bishya cyangwa retrofiting. Kugereranya kwaAC - ihujwe na DC - ububiko bwa batiriikubiyemo ubucuruzi - offs muburyo burambuye.

Umwirondoro wubufasha

BESS yuzuye irimo ibirenze bateri. Imikoranire hagati ya selile, BMS, PCS, EMS, HVAC nibikoresho birinda bisobanura imikorere ya sisitemu mubona mubyukuri. Urwego rwingirakamaro hano ni ugusenyuka kwaintangiriro ya BESS sisitemunuburyo buri wese agira uruhare cyangwa kugabanya RTE.

Niki Cyiza Cyurugendo Cyiza kuri Bateri?

Igisubizo gifatika kubaguzi muri 2026:

• Hejuru ya 90% AC sisitemu RTE:Nibyiza kubucuruzi bwuzuye cyangwa bwingirakamaro BESS. Kugerwaho hamwe na LiFePO4 igezweho hiyongereyeho {{2} string umugozi mwiza cyangwa PCS yo hagati.
• 86% - 90% AC sisitemu ya RTE:Ibisanzwe neza - sisitemu ya C&I. Biremewe kubikorwa byinshi byo kogosha no gutwara imishinga.
• 82% - 86% AC sisitemu RTE:Biremewe gusubira inyuma cyangwa byoroheje byizunguruka, ariko birashoboka ko bidakora neza mubukungu bwamagare burimunsi.
• Munsi ya 82% AC sisitemu RTE:Iperereza. Sisitemu yaba idahuye ninshingano zayo, ikarenza umutwaro, cyangwa umubare wamakuru yatanzwe.

Niba umucuruzi asaba 95% AC RTE kuri sisitemu ya turnkey, baza raporo y'ibizamini. Iyo mibare irashobora kugerwaho kurwego rwa DC, ariko ntibisanzwe kumupaka wa sisitemu ya AC iyo HVAC hamwe na standby zirimo.

Uburyo Urugendo Ruzenguruka rugira ingaruka mubukungu bwumushinga

Ubucuruzi bwogosha bwogosha no gusaba amafaranga

Kurubuga rwubucuruzi rwo muri Amerika rwishyura amadolari 20 / kilowat mu kwezi kwishyurwa buri kwezi, sisitemu ya 500 kWh yogosha 100 kW ya pex irinda hafi $ 24,000 kumwaka kubisabwa byonyine. Niba RTE igabanutse kuva kuri 90% ikagera kuri 85%, ushobora gutakaza 5% yingufu ziboneka kugirango wogoshe iyo mpinga cyangwa ugomba gutumiza ingufu za gride nyinshi kugirango ubyuzuze. Hafi yubuzima bwibikoresho, ayo manota 5 yinjiza mubice bitari - bidafite ishingiro byumushinga IRR. Ishusho yuzuye yauburyo kubika ingufu mubucuruzi bizigama ubucuruzi amafarangairenze neza RTE, ariko RTE niyigwiza kurindi zinjiza zose.

Imirasire y'izuba - gukoresha

Imirasire y'izuba ituye cyangwa ntoya ibika 15 kWh yumusaruro utanga buri munsi itanga 13.8 kWh kuri 92% RTE na 12.3 kWh kuri 82% RTE. Iminsi irenga 300 yo gusiganwa ku magare ni 450 kWh y’ingufu zikoreshwa n’izuba zikoreshwa ku mwaka - ubusanzwe $ 90 kugeza 200 $ yo kwirinda ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitewe n’ibiciro byaho.

Hanze - grid na sisitemu ya microgrid

Muri off - iboneza rya gride, buri kWh yumuzingi {{1} loss gutakaza urugendo bigomba gusimburwa na PV nyinshi, igihe cya mazutu cyinshi, cyangwa ubushobozi bwa bateri. RTE ifatanije numunsi wubwigenge muburyo butuma bateri yo hasi - ikora neza cyane ihenze kubitanga. Kubutumwa - imbuga zikomeye iki nacyo nikibazo cyo kwizerwa, ntabwo ari ubukungu gusa.Ubucuruzi ninganda BESS ibisubizokuri izi porogaramu zisobanurwa kurwego rwa AC sisitemu kubwiyi mpamvu.

Icyitonderwa cyumurima: Ibitekerezo bya RTE

Ibishushanyo bike bikwiye kumanikwa kuva BESS yoherejwe:

Umucyo - sisitemu zo gusubiza inyuma akenshi zidakora imibare yamakuru.Inama y'abaministre 500 kWh izunguruka gusa mugihe cyo kubura imara 99% yubuzima bwayo. Gukoresha neza na 200 W ubudahwema ni 1.750 kWh / umwaka - igice kinini cyibicuruzwa byose. Byatangajwe na RTE bifata umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare kandi hafi ya byose ntibigaragaza.

Ikirere gishyushye cyangirika RTE ibihe byigihe.Ubukonje bukonje kuri sisitemu yabitswe muri dogere 40 ibidukikije byizuba birashobora gukurura 3-5% byinjira, bitewe nubushakashatsi hamwe nubunini bwa HVAC. Sisitemu imwe mu kirere cya dogere 20 izarusha impanga zayo zishyushye - nta gihindutse ku ngirabuzimafatizo.

Igice - umutwaro uremereye kuruta gukora neza.PCS ifite igipimo cya 98.5% irashobora kwicara kuri 93% mugihe umurizo muremure wibisabwa nyabyo - kogosha. Niba inshingano zawe zimara umwanya munini ku mbaraga nke, shyira mugaciro ukurikije.

RTE itesha agaciro.Gupakira RTE mubisanzwe igabanuka amanota 1-2 hejuru yibihumbi bike byambere uko kurwanya imbere gukura. Abacuruzi bamwe bavuga intangiriro - ya - nimero yubuzima badashyizeho ikimenyetso.

Incamake

Urugendo rwa bateri ruzenguruka neza numubare woroheje. Irasa nigishushanyo kimwe kuri datasheet, ariko mubikorwa ni umuryango wimibare yapimwe kumipaka itandukanye, mubikorwa bitandukanye, hamwe nibindi bitandukanye kumitwaro ifasha. Ku byemezo byamasoko nyayo, AC cyangwa sisitemu - sisitemu RTE yapimwe mubikorwa byihagarariwe niyo shingiro ryukuri ryo kugereranya, kandi 86% - 92% ni intera ifatika y'iriba - ryakozwe na lithium - ion BESS muri 2026.

Mbere yo kwiyemeza sisitemu, guhatira abacuruzi bose kuvuga kumupaka umwe, kubona ibizamini byanditse, no guhangayikishwa - gerageza umubare ukurikije inshingano zawe, ikirere hamwe numwirondoro wawe. Agaciro kamakuru adashobora kurokoka ibyo bibazo ntabwo bishoboka kurokoka umushinga.