Gufasha Umuyoboro mushya w'ingufu

 

Amashanyarazi mashya mashya, agereranwa numuyaga nizuba, yerekana imbaraga zikomeye zituruka kumashanyarazi no kutamenya neza. Umuyaga n’izuba byombi biva mu kirere biterwa n’ibihe by’ikirere, bikunda guhura n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi cyangwa ibitonyanga, bikaba bitera imbogamizi kuri gride ihuza imirongo ya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi.

Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibintu bigoye cyane bigereranywa na gride, mu bihe bisanzwe by’urwego runini - rwagati rwagati rwagati rwihuza cyangwa rusohoka rw’amashanyarazi, impanuka z’amashanyarazi zirashobora kubaho, biganisha ku bibazo by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mutwaro no ku mikorere ya sisitemu nshya iteganijwe kubyara ingufu mu karere kanini, bisaba ubushobozi buhagije muri sisitemu kugira ngo birinde kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo guhuza amasoko mashya y’ingufu, ari ngombwa mu kugera ku igenamigambi ndetse no mu bukungu.

Guhuza ububiko bwingufu nisoko rishya ryingufu byibanda cyane kubintu bitatu: Icya mbere, mukurekura gride - urwego rwimitwaro mugihe gito, ituma 10 - umunota - urwego rwo kugenzura ingufu za gride yumuriro, kugabanya ihindagurika ryigihe gito - no gukoresha imbaraga za gride zihari kugirango zihuze amasoko mashya yingufu. Icya kabiri, mugutezimbere umunota - urwego rurimo iteganyagihe rishya riteganijwe, kandi hashingiwe ku gihe gito - umunsi wigihe - mbere y’iteganyagihe ry’amashanyarazi, ryinjiza neza ingufu nshya muri ultra - ngufi -. Ibi bitezimbere imikorere ishyize mu gaciro hamwe ningengabihe yingingo zinyuranye zitanga amashanyarazi muri gride, bigabanya ibyifuzo byumutungo wogukurikirana byihuse, byongerera ukuri no gutuza kwiteganyagihe rya gride, kandi bikoroshya umunota - urwego nyarwo ruhindagurika mugihe nyacyo mumasoko mashya yingufu, bikagabanya ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yibice bitanga ingufu zisanzwe.

Kwiyogoshesha no Kuzuza Ibibaya

Ugereranije no kubyara ingufu zisanzwe, kubyara ingufu zishobora kugira igipimo gito cyo gukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa ibice. Dufashe akarere ka "Amajyaruguru atatu" y'igihugu cyanjye, nkurikije imibare y’umutungo w’umuyaga, bishoboka ko umusaruro w’umuyaga w’umuyaga urenga 60% y’ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwose muri rusange uri munsi ya 5%. Kunoza imikoreshereze yumurongo, igenamigambi ryubushobozi busanzwe rigamije guhaza 95% byogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa 60% yubushobozi bwose bwimirima yumuyaga. Ibintu birakabije kubifotora. Kubwibyo, ijanisha runaka ryingufu zumuyaga rizagabanywa kubera ubushobozi budahagije bwo gukwirakwiza, kandi ingufu zizuba zizagabanywa kubera imizigo idahuye (anti - impinga - ibiranga kogosha).

Amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa, hamwe nigihe kirekire - ihindagurika ryigihe cyigihe cyisaha kumunsi wose, hamwe no kugera kumashanyarazi menshi nimugoroba (muri rusange 7-10 PM), bizongera sisitemu yo kuzamura ubushobozi no kuzamuka. Ku rundi ruhande, imbaraga z'umuyaga, akenshi zigera kumusaruro wuzuye nko mu gicuku, iyo umutwaro uri kumwanya muto wumunsi. Kubwibyo rero, kugira ngo ukureho ukutamenya gushidikanya ku iteganyagihe ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, haba amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibisanzwe bitanga ingufu bigomba kugira ingaruka zikomeye zijyanye no kogosha cyane.

Kwiyogoshesha no kwuzuza ikibaya ukoresha igihe - guhinduranya ibintu biranga ububiko bwingufu kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza umurongo, kugabanya ibikenewe guhuza imigendekere yimitwaro, no kugabanya ibyifuzo byiyongera kandi bigabanuka kubisanzwe bitanga amashanyarazi asanzwe.

Mugutondekanya imitwaro yatanzwe ya buri munsi P_l hamwe ningufu zishobora kubyara ingufu zituruka kumurongo P_ {NE}, dushobora kubona sisitemu yanyuma ihwanye nu mutwaro loadP_i, ni ukuvuga, ∑P_i=P_l - P_ {NE}. Nyamara, urebye ibisohoka bigenga amashanyarazi asanzwe hamwe nimpinga - yogosha amashanyarazi, hamwe nimbaraga nini P_L umurongo uhuza uturere ushobora kohereza cyangwa kugera kuri gride yo hanze, ingufu nini cyane P_ {max} ya gride - ibice byahujwe ni:

P_ {max}=μ (P_f + P_b + P_L) (3-3)

Aho:

ahantu honyine uzasanga hanze y'urugo

 

 

• P_f - Imbaraga ntarengwa zo gusohora impinga - kogosha;
• P_b - Ibisohoka byibuze byibice bidashobora kwitabira kogosha impinga;
• μ - Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukora neza.

Muri formula, C yerekana ibisohoka imbaraga zo kugenzura coeffisiyeti yimisozi - yogosha. Imibanire yimbaraga irerekanwa mumashusho.

Imbaraga ntoya P_ {min} ya gride - ibice bihujwe ni:

Mugihe gito cyo kwikorera t₁ - t₂, ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bwamanutse bubitswe nimpinga zisanzwe - kogosha nimbaraga nini zishobora kongera ingufu P '_ {NE} umuyoboro ushobora kwemerera muri iki gihe, ni ukuvuga, P' {NE}=P {max} {{5} kugabanya).

Birashobora kugaragara ko hatabayeho kubika ingufu, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mugihe t₁ - t₂ zishobora kuba nke; icyakora, hamwe nububiko bwingufu, kwishyuza mugihe cya t₁ - t₂ no gusohora mugihe t₃ - t₄ ihinduranya ingero zingana zingana zumutwaro ∑P_i murwego rwa P_ {min} na P_ {max}, kwirinda ingufu zituruka kumasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe n’umuyaga / izuba, kugabanya ubushobozi bw’imikoreshereze y’ingufu, kugabanya ingufu za gride ku bushobozi bw’ibigega, no kunoza imikorere muri sisitemu. Imbaraga P_ {BESS} ya BESS (Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Batiri) ni:
P_ {BESS}=max (P_ {min} - ∑P_ {min}, ∑P_ {max} - ∑P_ {max}) (3-6)
Ingufu E_ {BESS} ya BESS ni:

E_ {BESS}=max {μ_c ∫ {t₁} ^ {t₂} (P {min} - ∑P_i) dt, 1 / μ_d ∫ {t₃} ^ {t₄} (∑P_i - P {max}) dt} (3-7)

Aho:

 

• μ_c - Kwishyuza imikorere ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu;
• μ_d - Gusohora imikorere ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.

Ubundi bushakashatsi muburyo bwagutse bwerekana ko kuburemere bwimitwaro nibibaya bikunze kuba birebire, kugena uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zubushobozi runaka birashobora kugabanya neza itandukaniro - itandukaniro ryibibaya, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.

Urwego rwo kunoza imitwaro yimpanuka - itandukaniro ryikibaya ni:

• Aho P._imaxni umutwaro ntarengwa uteganijwe;
• P_imaxni umutwaro uteganijwe.

Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za sisitemu uburyo busa nubwa mbere kandi ntibuzongera.

Kunoza ubuhanuzi

Dukurikije NBT32011 - 2013 "Ibisabwa bya tekiniki kuri sisitemu yo guhanura ingufu za sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaic", imizi isobanura ikosa rya kare rya kare - mu gihe cyo guhanura igihe mu gihe cyo kubyara amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi (usibye ibihe bifite umusaruro muke) igomba kuba munsi ya 0.15; umuzi bivuze ikosa rya kare ryisaha ya kane ya ultra - guhanura igihe gito bigomba kuba munsi ya 0.1, kandi igipimo cyatsinzwe buri kwezi kigomba kuba hejuru ya 85%.

Dukurikije "Ingamba z’agateganyo zerekeye imicungire y’umuriro w’umuyaga w’umuyaga no kuburira hakiri kare", ikosa ntarengwa ry’umurongo uteganijwe wa buri munsi w’umurima w’umuyaga ntirishobora kurenga 25%, ikosa nyaryo - igihe cyo guteganya igihe ntirishobora kurenga 15%, kandi umuzi bivuze ko ikosa rya kare ryateganijwe kumunsi wose rizaba munsi ya 20%.

 

Byombi bigufi - manda na ultra - ngufi - iteganyagihe ritanga amakuru yo guhanura hagati yiminota 15. Kubwibyo, ibisohoka byingufu nshya bishobora kugabanywa no kugenzurwa muminota 15, hamwe nibice 96 byo kugenzura umunsi wose. Byemewe kugenzura ikosa ryagutse ΔP yashizweho hashingiwe ku ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe mu bijyanye no guhanura tekiniki. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3-8, P (1) na Pe (2) nizo mbaraga zahanuwe zingirakamaro kumwanya wambere nuwakabiri muminota 15, mugihe AP ari yo yemerewe kwaguka, yashyizwe kuri 15% yubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo kubyara ingufu nshya.

Igihe gito - itandukaniro ryoroshye koroshya ingufu nshya

Igihe gito - igipimo cyigihe cyo guhindura ingufu nshya zitanga ingufu nazo zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa kugirango amashanyarazi ahamye. Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi iriho ubu kugirango imbaraga zoguhindura imbaraga za gride nshya - kubyara amashanyarazi byerekanwe mumbonerahamwe ikurikira.

Mubishobora kongera ingufu zorohereza porogaramu, BESS (Power Equipment Element Sisitemu) ikoreshwa mukubika no kurekura ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, guhagarika umunota - urwego rwimihindagurikire yimbaraga mumashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa -. Ibi byemeza ko ibisohoka hamwe P ihindagurika ryububiko bwingufu PBEss (Power Element Sisitemu) hamwe ningufu zishobora kuvugururwa Pv (Power V) byujuje ibisabwa tekinike yavuzwe haruguru, hamwe nigihe cyo kugenzura ahanini gishyirwa kumunota 1. Ariko, bitandukanye na algorithms zitezimbere ubuhanuzi, ubu buryo bwibanze cyane cyane kumihindagurikire yimbaraga ziva mumashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, muguhitamo imbaraga zihariye zapimwe za BESS, amakuru yintangarugero yinkomoko yo gusesengura imibare no gusesengura bishoboka bizaba umunota - urwego na 10 - umunota-urwego rukora imbaraga zimbaraga ziva mumashanyarazi.

Imbaraga nubushobozi bya BESS birashobora gushingira kumibare ishoboka yimpinduka zashize zahindutse hamwe nimpinduka ziterwa no gukoresha amashanyarazi, bigamije kuzuza ibisabwa byoroheje muri 80% kugeza 90% byimanza. Ibi ntibizasubirwamo hano. Kugirango umenye neza ko ihindagurika ryingufu zujuje ibyangombwa byavuzwe haruguru, bibiri byingenzi BESS igenzura imbaraga za algorithm zikoreshwa:

• Imwe ni ingingo - na - uburyo bwo kugabanya ingingo;
• Ubundi nuburyo buke - pass uburyo bwo kuyungurura.

Ingingo - na - uburyo bwo kugabanya imipaka

 

Dufashe igishushanyo nkurugero, igishushanyo cyerekana igereranya rinini hagati yingufu nshya zisohoka P._ne(j) mugihe j hamwe nibisohoka hamwe P (J - n) muminota 10 ishize. Birashobora kugaragara ko mugihe (j-3), ni ukuvuga, impinduka hagati ya P (j-3) na P._ne(j) nini nini, kandi irenga iminota 10. Kugereranya byerekana ko △ P.₁₀.

Kubwibyo, kugirango wuzuze iminota 10 ihindagurika ryimbaraga, ibisohoka bya BESS (byiza kwishyurwa, bibi kubisohora) ni:

Hasi - pass uburyo bwo kuyungurura

 

Ukurikije gushungura ihame mugutunganya ibimenyetso, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, hasi - pass filter ituma ibimenyetso bisohoka byoroha wongeyeho cyangwa ukuramo amplitude yikimenyetso cyinjira. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubona BESS bizagera no ku ihindagurika ry’imihindagurikire y’ingufu zituruka kuri sitasiyo nshya y’amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwishyuza no gusohora ibintu, kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa bya tekiniki bijyanye.

Agaciro kateganijwe kuri gride yose - imbaraga zahujwe ∑P \\ sum P∑P itangwa na:

Kugaragaza amakuru, aho t nigihe cyo kugenzura, kandi dufata umunota 1:

∑P (j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * ∑P (j-1) + (t / (τ + t)) * P_ne (j)

Uhaye ∑P (j)=P_ne (j) - P_bess (j)

P_bess (j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (P_ne (j) - ∑P (j-1))

P_bess (j)=(τ / (τ + t)) * (∑P (j) - ∑P (j-1))

Ukurikije gride - ihuza imbaraga za tekinike ihindagurika, tekinike umunota - urwego ruhindagurika rwa ∑P (j) rugomba guhaza:

| ∑P (j) - ∑P (j-1)|Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na min (ΔP_i, 0.1 P_0)

Gusimbuza formulaire yo kubara P._bess(j) tubona: