Batare ya megawatt 1 igomba gushyirwaho ahantu hashobora kugera kuri gride, umwanya uhagije (mubisanzwe 1.000 - metero kare 4000), kwemeza akarere neza, hamwe nubufasha bwibikorwa remezo. Imbuga zisanzwe zishyirwaho kuri bateri ya megawatt 1 zirimo amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byinganda, umutungo wubucuruzi, hamwe n’ahantu hashobora kubyara ingufu. Ahantu heza hashingiwe kumikoreshereze yawe - haba kuri serivise ya gride, inyuma ya - ya metero zikoreshwa, cyangwa ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.
Ibibanza Byibanze Byibanze Ukoresheje Urubanza
Amashanyarazi
Substations zerekana ahantu heza cyane kubikorwa byingirakamaro - igipimo cya megawatt 1 yashizemo. Izi mbuga zimaze kugira ibikorwa remezo byingenzi bya gride, bigabanya cyane ibiciro byihuza nigihe.
Kuba hafi ya substation bitanga inyungu nyinshi zirenze kuzigama. Ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi - impinduka, sisitemu yo gukingira, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukingira - yamaze gushyirwaho kandi igashyirwa kuri megawatt - igipimo cy’amashanyarazi. Ibi bivanaho gukenera kuzamura ibiciro bihenze bishobora kongera $ 200,000 kugeza 500.000 $ mu ngengo yimishinga.
Abakoresha amashanyarazi bagenda bashimangira ububiko - bubitse kuko butanga inkunga igenewe aho gride ikenera guhinduka cyane. Batare ya megawatt 1 kuri substation irashobora gusubiza gutandukana kwinshi muri milisegonda, byihuse cyane kuruta amasoko gakondo. Amakuru aturuka muri ERCOT yerekana ko bateri zitanga serivise zinyongera ahantu hasimburwa zigera kubintu 15-20% byubushobozi burenze ibyo kwishyiriraho kure.
Ibisabwa bifatika biroroshye: uzakenera hafi hegitari 0,02 kugeza 0.1 kuri hegitari imbere cyangwa yegeranye numutungo wubutaka. Sisitemu nyinshi za MW 1 zirahagera nkibikoresho byabitswe - mubyukuri byohereza ibintu byuzuyemo bateri, inverter, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Ibi bice bisaba padi ya beto, kugenzura ibidukikije, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro.
Ikibazo kimwe gikwiye kwitonderwa: imbuga zo gusimbuza akenshi zifite ibyifuzo byingirakamaro byingirakamaro kandi birashobora guhura nigihe kirekire cyo kwemererwa kubera guhuza nabashinzwe kohereza. Imishinga isanzwe ifata amezi 6-12 kuva guhitamo urubuga kugeza kuri komisiyo iyo yicaye kumasoko asanzwe.
Ibikoresho by'inganda
Inganda zikora nibikorwa byinganda bifite ingufu nyinshi byerekana ahandi hantu hateganijwe. Izi "inyuma ya -" - metero "zemerera ibikoresho gukoresha bateri kugirango igabanuke amafaranga, kuzamura ubwiza bwamashanyarazi, hamwe nububiko bwinyuma mugihe cyananiranye.
Imbuga zinganda zungukirwa no gushiraho sisitemu ya bateri ya megawatt 1 muburyo butandukanye. Ibikoresho bifite itanura ryamashanyarazi arc, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma, cyangwa imitwaro minini ya moteri ifite ibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane bikurura amafaranga yingirakamaro. Bateri nini ikwiye irashobora kogosha iyi mpinga kandi igabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi buri kwezi 30-40% mubihe bimwe.
Icyuma cya Nucor muri Arizona cyerekana iyi porogaramu neza. MW 50 zabo inyuma ya - sisitemu ya batiri ya - (ihwanye na MW mirongo itanu 1 MW) ituma imbaraga nini ziva mumatara yabo ya arc. Iyinjizamo ryagabanije imiyoboro ya gride kandi itezimbere ubushobozi bwikigo gukora mubushobozi bwuzuye.
Guhitamo ikibanza mumitungo yinganda byibanda hafi yumurimo wingenzi wamashanyarazi no guhumeka bihagije. Sisitemu ya bateri itanga ubushyuhe mugihe ikora - bisaba sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikora ubudahwema. Kwishyiriraho hafi y'ibikorwa remezo bya HVAC birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho, ariko urubuga rugomba gukomeza kwemererwa neza kuva aho rukorerwa bitewe nibisabwa numuriro.
Umwanya usabwa biterwa nuburyo bwa sisitemu. Ubusanzwe sisitemu ya 1 MW / 2 MWh ifite sisitemu ifite metero kare 320 (20 - ikirenge cya ISO ikirenge cya ISO), hiyongereyeho ikindi gice cyo gusubira inyuma-mubisanzwe metero 10-20 kumpande zose kugirango ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro.
Ibicuruzwa
Inyubako nini z'ubucuruzi - ibigo byamakuru, ibitaro, kaminuza, hamwe n’amasoko yubucuruzi - bigenda byinjiza sisitemu ya megawatt 1 yo gucunga ibiciro by’ingufu no kwemeza ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Ibi bikoresho bitanga intego ebyiri: kugabanya amafaranga yumuriro mugihe - ya - koresha optimizme no gutanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gusubira inyuma.
Ibigo byamakuru byerekana ikibazo gikomeye cyo gukoresha. Ibi bikoresho bisaba amasaha 24/7 kandi mubisanzwe bikomeza moteri ya mazutu kugirango ibike. Ongeramo bateri ya MW 1 ikora sisitemu yo gusubiza inyuma ivanga ako kanya mugihe cyo kubura, igaha generator umwanya wo gutangira mugihe ikomeza imbaraga zidafite seriveri. Ubu buryo bwerekanye ko bwizewe kuruta amashanyarazi yonyine, bushobora gufata amasegonda 10-30 kugirango ugere kumusaruro wuzuye.
Kwishyiriraho imitungo yubucuruzi bisaba kwitondera neza amategeko yubaka n’amabwiriza y’umutekano w’umuriro. Sisitemu irenze 20 kWh igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa byubucuruzi muri NFPA 855, igenga sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihagaze. Ibipimo byerekana intera ntoya yo gutandukanya hagati ya bateri (mubisanzwe metero 6) kandi igategeka sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro byikora.
Ikibanza mumitungo yubucuruzi gifite akamaro kanini. Gushyira hejuru yinzu hejuru ya sisitemu ntoya ariko gake yakira MW 1 kubera uburemere bwuburemere - izi sisitemu zishobora gupima toni 20 - 30. Kwubaka kurwego rwubutaka ahaparikwa cyangwa ubutaka budakoreshwa nibyiza. Urubuga rukeneye amakamyo yo kugemura (kontineri ya batiri igera kuri romoruki iringaniye) n'umwanya wo kubona ibinyabiziga byihutirwa.
Ibitaro byerekana ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyubucuruzi, aho imbaraga ziringirwa zirokora ubuzima. Ibigo byinshi byubuvuzi byohereje sisitemu ya MW 1 kugirango yongere amashanyarazi yihutirwa, hamwe na bateri itanga ako kanya mugihe amashanyarazi azunguruka. Iboneza birinda imbaraga zigihe gito guhagarika bibaho mugihe cyo gutangira generator.
Imirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga Co - Ahantu
Guhuza bateri ya megawatt 1 hamwe nibisekuru bishobora kuvugururwa bimaze kuba rusange mugihe abitezimbere bashaka kugwiza agaciro k'amasoko y'ingufu rimwe na rimwe. Ahantu ho kwishyiriraho sisitemu mubisanzwe byegeranye nibishobora kuvugururwa aho bihurira.
Co - ububiko bubitse bukemura ikibazo cyibanze nizuba n umuyaga: ibisohoka ntabwo bihuye nibisabwa. Imirasire y'izuba igera ku manywa y'ihangu iyo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bikunze kuba bike, mugihe umuyaga utandukana bitewe nigihe n'ibihe. Batare ifata ibisekuru birenze mugihe gito - mugihe cyibiciro no gusohora mugihe kinini - amasaha asabwa mugihe amashanyarazi ategeka ibiciro bihendutse.
Ubukungu bukora neza cyane mugushiraho izuba mumirasire ya 2 - 5 MW-aho bateri ya MW 1 ishobora kubika amasaha 2-4 yumusaruro wuzuye. Umushinga w'izuba wa TotalEnergies wo muri Danemark Fields muri Texas urerekana ubu buryo, hamwe na 225 MWh yo kubika batiri ihujwe na MW 720 z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba.
Guhitamo urubuga kuri co - sisitemu iherereye yibanda kugabanya intera iri hagati yibisekuru nububiko. Buri metero yinyongera ya kabili yongeraho ikiguzi kandi itangiza igihombo cyamashanyarazi. Benshi mubateza imbere bashyira ibikoresho bya batiri muri metero 100 za inverter pad, bagabana umuhanda umwe winjira nibikorwa remezo byumutekano.
Ikintu kimwe gifatika gikunze kwirengagizwa: sisitemu ya batiri isaba gukonjesha 24/7 mugihe imirasire yizuba itanga gusa kumanywa. Ibi bivuze gukoresha sisitemu ya HVAC kuva gride power cyangwa ububiko bwa bateri ijoro ryose. Ingano ya sisitemu ikwiye kuri iyi mitwaro ya parasitike, ubusanzwe ikoresha 1-3% yubushobozi bwa bateri.
Imiyoboro - Igipimo gisanzwe
Sisitemu ya bateri imwe ya megawatt 1 ikora nkibikoresho byo kubika ingufu zidasanzwe, bitajyanye nibisekuru cyangwa inyuma ya metero yabakiriya. Ibi bikoresho bitanga serivisi za gride kubatwara uturere kandi bakitabira amasoko y'amashanyarazi menshi.
Imishinga isanzwe isaba ibipimo bitandukanye byurubuga kuruta co - yubatswe. Icyifuzo cyibanze ni uburyo bwo kohereza - byumwihariko, ahantu gride ikenera ubundi buryo bworoshye cyangwa ubushobozi. Abakozi ba gride yo mukarere batangaza ubushakashatsi bwihuza bugaragaza ahantu hagabanijwe ububiko bushobora gutanga agaciro gakomeye.
Texas iyoboye gahunda yo kohereza bateri yihariye, biteganijwe ko GW zirenga 6.4 zizaza kumurongo mugihe cya 2024.Iyi mishinga irerekana ingamba aho ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi riba ryinshi, bigatuma abashoramari bashobora gutandukanya ibiciro umunsi wose. Amakuru yamateka yaturutse muri ERCOT yerekana ko bateri - ihagaze neza ishobora kwinjiza amafaranga yumwaka $ 150-250 kuri kilowati bivuye mubukemurampaka bwonyine.
Ibisabwa byubutaka kumishinga yihariye biroroshye ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. Ububiko bw'ingufu bufite hafi hegitari 1 kuri megawatt, ugereranije na hegitari 12 ku bimera bya gaze. Ikirenge cyoroheje cyemerera abitezimbere gukoresha parcelle ntoya itari yakira ibisekuruza gakondo.
Ikibanza kigomba kuba cyujuje ibyangombwa byinshi bya tekiniki: ubutaka buringaniye (hahanamye ahantu hahanamye munsi ya dogere 5), kurinda umwuzure (ibikoresho bigomba kwicara byibuze metero 1 hejuru y’imyaka 100 y’umwuzure), hamwe nubutaka buhagije bwo gutwara ubutaka. Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije risanzwe rifata amezi 3-6 no gusuzuma ingaruka z'imiturire, gutekereza ku rusaku, n'ingaruka zigaragara ku muturanyi.
Ibisabwa byingenzi byurubuga
Ibikorwa Remezo bihuza ibikorwa remezo
Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi cya tekiniki gisabwa kuri megawatt 1 yo kwishyiriraho ni ubushobozi bwa gride ihuza ubushobozi. Ibi birenze kugira umurongo w'amashanyarazi uri hafi - ihuza rigomba gukora byombi kwishyuza (ingufu zitumizwa mu mahanga) no gusohora (imbaraga zohereza hanze) kurwego rwa megawatt yuzuye.
Ibisabwa guhuza biratandukanye cyane ukurikije urwego rwa voltage. Ikwirakwizwa - urwego ruhuza (mubisanzwe 12 - 35 kV) rukora inyuma ya - metero - zishyiraho umukiriya umwe. Kohereza - urwego (69 kV no hejuru) birakenewe mumishinga minini ya gride igurisha serivisi kumasoko menshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwihuza busuzuma niba gride yaho ishobora kwakira bateri ya MW 1 nta kuzamura. Ubu bushakashatsi busuzuma ubushobozi bwa transformateur, guhuza sisitemu yo kurinda, hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibikoresho bihari. Hafi ya 40% yimishinga isaba urwego runaka rwo kuzamura gride, uhereye kumurongo muto wo kurinda relaire kugeza kubisimbuza byinshi byahinduwe bigura $ 500,000 cyangwa arenga.
Umurongo uhuza umurongo mu turere twinshi wabaye icyuho gikomeye. Californiya, Texas, na New York kuri ubu byerekana impuzandengo yo gutegereza imyaka 2-4 uhereye kubisabwa kugeza ingufu, hamwe na gigawatt amagana yimishinga ishaka guhuza. Ukuri bivuze guhitamo urubuga ntigomba kubarwa gusa kubijyanye numubiri ariko nanone umwanya wumurongo hamwe nibishoboka byo kwemererwa mugihe.
Ihuza ritaziguye na substation ikomeza kuba zahabu, wirinda izo ngorane. Iyo ibyo bidashoboka, imbuga ziherereye kuri "stiff" ibice bya gride - ahantu hamwe nubushobozi buke bwubu hamwe ninzira nyinshi zibangikanye - zikunda kugira inzira zihuse, zidahenze cyane.
Umwanya hamwe nuburyo bwo gutekereza
Sisitemu ya bateri ya megawatt 1 yintambwe yumubiri irenze kure ya kontineri ubwayo. Konti yuzuye yo gutegura urubuga kubikoresho, ibyangombwa bisabwa, inzira zo kugera, n'umwanya ukoreramo.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bisanzwe bigizwe na metero imwe cyangwa ebyiri zoherejwe na metero 40 zoherejwe na bateri, inverter, transformateur, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura. Buri kintu gifite metero kare 320, ariko code yumuriro itegeka gutandukana cyane. NFPA 855 hamwe nubutegetsi bwibanze bisaba uburebure bwa metero 10-20 kumpande zose kugirango ishami ry’umuriro ryinjire, bikubye inshuro enye ibirenge bisabwa.
Umwanya winyongera ukenera harimo:
Amabati ya beto arambuye metero 2-3 kurenza impande za kontineri
Kugera kumuhanda ushoboye gutera amakamyo 80.000 yama pound
Transformer pad niba idakoresha sisitemu ihuriweho
Uruzitiro rwumutekano (mubisanzwe umurongo wa metero 6 uhuza insinga)
Imicungire yamazi yimvura mubice byinshi
Imiterere yurubuga ifite akamaro nkubuso bwose. Ibice birebire, bigufi bitera imbogamizi kubinyabiziga byihutirwa kandi birashobora kongera amafaranga yo gucukura amashanyarazi. Ahantu h'urukiramende byibuze metero 60 z'ubugari zitanga umwanya uhagije wo gukora hafi ya kontineri mugukomeza gukoresha neza ubutaka.
Topografiya igira ingaruka kumafaranga yo kwishyiriraho hamwe nigihe kirekire - imikorere yigihe. Imbuga zo murwego zigabanya amafaranga yo gutanga amanota kandi ikemeza neza ko zikoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Imbuga zifite amanota arenze 5% zisaba gutera amaterasi cyangwa kugumana inkuta, hiyongeraho $ 50- $ 150,000 kubiciro byumushinga bitewe nubutaka bwubutaka.
Imicungire yubushyuhe nikirere
Imikorere ya bateri no kuramba biterwa cyane no gukomeza ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora, mubisanzwe dogere 15-35. Iki gisabwa cyerekana guhitamo urubuga muburyo butahita bugaragara.
Sisitemu ya HVAC muri bateri 1 MW ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi - akenshi 20 - 40 kW ubudahwema. Mu bihe bishyushye nka Arizona cyangwa Texas, imizigo ikonje irashobora kugera kuri kilowati 50 mugihe cyizuba ryinshi. Ibi bitera ubucuruzi butoroshye - kuzimya: bateri igomba kubika bimwe mubushobozi bwayo kugirango ikore sisitemu yo gukonjesha, igabanye ingufu ziboneka mubikorwa byinjiza amafaranga.
Ibihe by’ikirere birenze ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije. Urwego rwubushuhe bugira ingaruka kumara igihe kirekire no gushushanya umuriro. Ibikoresho byo ku nkombe bihura nu mwuka wumunyu bisaba ibikoresho bigezweho. Ibihe bikonje bikenera sisitemu yo gushyushya hamwe na chimisties zitandukanye za batiri zikora neza mubushyuhe buke.
Imicungire yubushyuhe itangirana no guhitamo urubuga. Ahantu hamwe nigicucu gisanzwe - uhereye kumiterere iriho cyangwa topografiya - kugabanya imizigo ikonje. Igicucu, ntigishobora kuva mubiti cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora gutwikwa kubera ibisabwa byo gusubira inyuma. Bamwe mubateza imbere icyerekezo cya kontineri kugirango bagabanye izuba ryinshi kuruhande rurerure, kugabanya izuba ryiyongereyeho 15-20%.
Umwuka uva mukuzenguruka bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byo gukonjesha. Imbuga zikikijwe ninyubako cyangwa inkuta zifata ubushyuhe, guhatira sisitemu ya HVAC gukora cyane. Gufungura imbuga zifite umuyaga wiganje zituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza, nubwo umuyaga mwinshi ushobora gutera ibibazo byumukungugu bisaba kuyungurura byongewe kumashanyarazi.
Ikirere gikabije gitera ibibazo byihariye. Batteri muri serwakira {{1} regions uturere dukunze gukenera sisitemu yo kuzamura inanga. Uturere dufite imizigo iremereye bisaba imbaraga zubaka hamwe ninzira zishyushye zo kugera. Ahantu hashobora gukonja cyane (munsi ya dogere {5}
Umutekano wumuriro nuburyo bwihutirwa
Ibisabwa kugirango umutekano wumuriro ushire muburyo nuburyo sisitemu ya bateri ya megawatt 1 ishobora gushyirwaho. Litiyumu - bateri zibika ingufu nyinshi, kandi mugihe ibintu byo guhunga ubushyuhe ari gake, ingaruka zisaba ingamba zikomeye z'umutekano.
NFPA 855 ishyiraho ibipimo fatizo byo kurinda umuriro kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihagaze. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi birimo:
Sisitemu yo gutahura umuriro yikora ifite aho ihuriye nishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro
Sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro (mubisanzwe amazi - sisitemu yo kumena imashini yagenwe 30+ iminota yo gukora)
Inzitizi zubushyuhe hagati yububiko bwa batiri mugihe hashyizweho ibice byinshi
Guturika guturika kuri sisitemu yabitswe
Nibura gutandukanya metero 20 ninyubako zubatswe
Kubona ibinyabiziga byihutirwa byerekana ko ari ingenzi mugihe kibaye. Inzego zishinzwe kuzimya umuriro zikeneye umuhanda wose - ikirere gishobora gutera amakamyo 75.000 yama pound, hamwe na radiyo byibura metero 40. Imbuga nyinshi zo mucyaro ntizifite umuhanda uhagije, bisaba ishoramari rikomeye mugutezimbere uburyo bwo kubona ibyemezo mbere yo kubona ibyemezo.
Gutanga amazi yo kuzimya umuriro bitera indi mbogamizi yikibanza. Inkiko nyinshi zisaba byibura litiro 1.500 kumunota kumasaha 2 - ahwanye na litiro 180.000 zose hamwe. Ibibanza byo mumijyi no mumijyi mubisanzwe bihuza na sisitemu yamazi ya komini. Ahantu ho mucyaro hashobora gukenera ibigega byo kubika amazi cyangwa ibyuzi, ukongeraho 100.000- 300.000 $ kubiciro byumushinga.
Ibyabaye kuri McMicken muri Arizona muri 2019 byahinduye cyane uburyo ibisabwa byumutekano wumuriro bikoreshwa. Nyuma y’igiturika cyakomerekeje abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bane bitabira umuriro wa batiri, inkiko mu gihugu hose zakajije umurego mu bijyanye n’umutekano kandi zitangira gusaba ko hasuzumwa ingaruka zose. Benshi ubu bategeka ibisubizo bya UL 9540A byerekana ko guhunga ubushyuhe bitazakwirakwira hagati ya bateri.
Amahugurwa yambere yabasubije yabaye ibisabwa bisanzwe mubikorwa byinshi byemerera. Abashinzwe umushinga bagomba guhuza n’ishami ry’umuriro waho, bagatanga ibikoresho - gahunda zihariye zo gusubiza, kandi akenshi bagatera inkunga amahugurwa yihariye kubibazo bya sisitemu. Iyi mikoranire yabaturage yongerera igihe cyumushinga amezi 2-4 ariko bikerekana ko ari ngombwa kugirango ubone impushya.
Ibitekerezo bigenga na zone
Uruhushya
Gushyira bateri ya MW 1 bisaba kugendagenda ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara ahantu hatandukanye cyane kububasha. Ibikorwa mubisanzwe birimo ibigo byinshi kandi birashobora gufata igihe icyo aricyo cyose kuva kumezi 3 kugeza hejuru yimyaka 2.
Uruhushya rwo kubaka rugize urufatiro rwo kwemeza amabwiriza. Sisitemu igomba kubahiriza kodegisi yinyubako zaho, zikaba zigenda zerekana NFPA 855 kububiko bwo kubika ingufu. Inkiko zimwe zahinduye ibipimo bya NFPA mu buryo butaziguye mu mategeko y’ibanze, mu gihe izindi zigumana ibisabwa bitandukanye bishobora kuba byinshi cyangwa bike.
Impushya z'amashanyarazi zikubiyemo ibikoresho byo guhuza, insinga, na sisitemu z'umutekano. Iri suzuma ryemeza ko amategeko y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC) ingingo ya 706, yerekeye uburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Inzego zibemerera - akenshi ishami ryubwubatsi ryaho cyangwa ikigo cya leta - kizasuzuma igishushanyo mbonera -, umurongo wubutaka, hamwe nicyemezo cyibikoresho.
Impushya zo kubungabunga ibidukikije ziba nkenerwa mugihe gutegura ikibanza birimo guhungabanya ubutaka. Imishinga irenga hegitari 1 isanzwe isaba gahunda yo gucunga amazi yimvura ningamba zo kurwanya isuri. Intara zimwe zitegeka gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije kubikwa ingufu zose zirenga 200 MWh, nubwo sisitemu ya MW 1 isanzwe igwa munsi yurugero keretse iyo igenwe igihe kirekire.
Impushya zidasanzwe zo gukoresha cyangwa impushya zo gukoresha zirakunze kugaragara mugushiraho bateri, cyane cyane mumiturire cyangwa ivanze - gukoresha uturere. Izi mpushya zishaka zitanga inama zishinzwe igenamigambi ryibanze kugenzura neza imishinga, akenshi bisaba kumva rubanda no kwemerera abaturage ibitekerezo. Iyi nzira yongeraho amezi 3-6 ariko ntishobora kwirindwa mubucamanza bwinshi.
Amasezerano yo guhuza ibikorwa ningirakamaro yerekana ikindi cyemezo gikomeye, nubwo tekiniki atari "uruhushya." Aya masezerano agenga uburyo bateri ihuza gride, serivisi ishobora gutanga, ninde ufite inshingano zo kurinda sisitemu. Kuganira kumvugo ihuza akenshi bifata igihe kirekire kuruta kubona ibyemezo gakondo-amezi 6 kugeza 18 birasanzwe.
Gukoresha Uturere no Gukoresha Ubutaka
Amabwiriza agenga uturere agena aho ububiko bwa batiri bushobora gushyirwaho kandi mubihe bimeze. Nyamara, amategeko menshi agenga uturere yanditswe mbere yo kubika ingufu zabaye rusange, bitera gushidikanya no kudahuza inkiko.
Inganda n’ubucuruzi muri rusange zemerera kubika ingufu nkibikoresho byingenzi cyangwa ibikoresho. Uturere dukora, parike yubucuruzi, hamwe na koridoro yingirakamaro mubisanzwe byemerera kwishyiriraho MW 1 hamwe nimbogamizi ntoya irenze gusubira inyuma nuburebure bwuburebure.
Kuvanga - gukoresha hamwe na zone zo guturamo bitanga ibibazo byinshi. Inkiko zimwe zibuza kubika ingufu muri utwo turere, mu gihe izindi zemera binyuze mu mpushya zidasanzwe zifite ibihe bikomeye. Gusubira inyuma muri zone zo guturamo birashobora kuba bikomeye - rimwe na rimwe bisaba metero 500 cyangwa zirenga ziva mubikorwa - birinda neza kwishyiriraho ahantu henshi hakwiye.
Gutandukanya ubuhinzi bitanga amahirwe ashimishije, cyane cyane kubishyiraho bateri ihujwe na agrivoltaics cyangwa imishinga yizuba yo mucyaro. Uturere twinshi tw’imirima twemerera ibikorwa remezo byingufu nkibikoresho bikoreshwa, nubwo abaturanyi bashobora kubyutsa impungenge zurusaku ruturuka kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyangwa ingaruka zigaragara zituruka kumatara yumutekano.
Gutandukanya ibice bya porogaramu biba nkenerwa mugihe icyifuzo cyo kwishyiriraho kitujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Izi porogaramu zihura n’ibisubizo bitazwi kandi mubisanzwe bisaba kwerekana ko imikoreshereze itazangiza imitungo ikikije - impaka zitoroshye bitewe n’impungenge rusange z’ibyago by’umuriro. Intsinzi kubisabwa bitandukanye biratandukanye cyane, kuva munsi ya 10% mubutabera bwitondewe kugeza hejuru ya 60% mubice bishyigikira ingufu zisubirwamo.
Ibisabwa gusubira inyuma byiganje mu turere. Kurenga kuri metero 20 zo gukuraho umuriro twavuze haruguru, inkiko nyinshi zishyiraho izindi ngaruka ziva kumurongo wumutungo (mubisanzwe metero 10-50) no kubakira neza nkamazu, amashuri, cyangwa ibitaro (rimwe na rimwe 500+ ibirenge). Ibi bisabwa birashobora gutuma uduce duto duto tudakoreshwa mugushiraho MW 1.
Guhindura Ububasha
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ububiko bwa batiri buratandukanye cyane muri leta ndetse no hagati yintara zituranye. Gusobanukirwa gutandukana nibyingenzi muguhitamo urubuga.
Californiya yoroheje uruhushya rwo kubika ingufu hasubijwe intego zo kohereza. Amategeko agenga imyubakire ya leta akubiyemo ingingo zihariye zishyirwaho na batiri, kandi uturere twinshi twakoresheje inzira zemewe zemewe. Icyakora, intara zimwe na zimwe nka Kern na Los Angeles zashyizeho ingamba zo gusubira inyuma cyangwa guhagarika ibikorwa mugihe zitegura amabwiriza mashya, zishyiraho imifuka yoherezwa bigoye.
Texas ifata amaboko menshi - kuregera, hamwe na leta - igenga urwego kandi igenzura rikomeye. Ibi bitanga amahirwe mubice bimwe ariko bitateganijwe mubindi. Imijyi nka Austin ifite inzira zisobanutse zo kubika ingufu, mugihe intara zo mucyaro zishobora kubura amabwiriza akurikizwa, guhatira urubanza - na -.
New York yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’umutekano binyuze mu ivugururwa ry’amategeko y’umuriro 2024, harimo n’ibisabwa kugira ngo urungano rwigenga rusuzume sisitemu irenze urugero runaka. Leta irasaba kandi ko abakozi babishoboye baboneka mu masaha 4 kugira ngo bafashe abatabazi mu gihe cy'impanuka.
Indiana yashyizeho amategeko mu 2023 ishyiraho uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibikorwa - ububiko bwa batiri hejuru ya MW 1. Iri tegeko risaba kubahiriza NFPA 855 kandi rishyiraho ibipimo byigihugu byose bibanziriza amabwiriza amwe n'amwe - bitanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubateza imbere ariko bikagabanya ubuyobozi bwibanze.
Ikibazo cyamabwiriza adahuye kigera no kode yumuriro. Mugihe NFPA 855 itanga urwego rwigihugu, kurera bikomeza kubushake kandi kubishyira mubikorwa biratandukanye. Bamwe mubashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bubahiriza byimazeyo ibyateganijwe, mugihe abandi bafata inzira yoroheje ishingiye kurubuga - isuzuma ryihariye.
Urubuga rwo Gusuzuma Icyemezo
Ibipimo byo gusuzuma tekinike
Gusuzuma ahantu hashobora gushyirwaho bateri ya MW 1 bisaba isuzuma rifatika murwego rwa tekiniki nyinshi. Intego ni ukumenya ahantu haringaniza ikiguzi, imikorere, hamwe nibishoboka.
Imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro ihagaze nkayunguruzo rwibanze. Imbuga zidafite hafi cyangwa hagati - ibikorwa remezo bya voltage ntibikunze kugaragara ko bishoboka kubera amafaranga yo kwagura ashobora kurenga miliyoni imwe kuri kilometero. Isuzuma ryurubuga rigomba gutangira mugushushanya insimburangingo nimirongo ikwirakwizwa muri kilometero 2, hanyuma ugasuzuma ubushobozi buhari binyuze mubikorwa byingirakamaro cyangwa amakuru rusange.
Ubutaka buboneka bugena uburyo bwo guhitamo sisitemu. Kubara ikirenge cyose kirimo ibikoresho bya batiri (metero kare 320-640), ibyangombwa bisabwa (ongeramo metero 20-40 mubyerekezo byose), umuhanda ugera (metero 20-25 z'ubugari), hamwe nibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho (transformateur, switchgear). Nibura byibuze ni hegitari 0,25 (hafi metero kare 11,000) kugirango ushyiremo kontineri imwe ya MW 1, nubwo hegitari 0,5 zitanga ibintu byoroshye.
Imiterere yubutaka igira ingaruka kumiterere nigiciro. Ibikoresho bya batiri birashobora gupima toni 30 mugihe byuzuye, bisaba udupapuro twa beto dukwirakwiza uburemere bukwiye. Ubutaka bwibumba bugabanutse cyane - bushobora kubyimba bukenera urufatiro rwimbitse cyangwa hejuru ya - gucukura no kuzuza ibyubaka, hiyongeraho $ 30,000- $ 60.000. Ibitanda byegereye hejuru byongera amafaranga yo gucukura ariko bitanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara. Iperereza ryibanze rya geotechnique ryatwaye $ 5,000- $ 15,000 ariko birinda gutungurwa bihenze mugihe cyo kubaka.
Isuzuma ry’imyuzure ntishobora gusimburwa. Ibikoresho bigomba kwicara hejuru yumwaka 100 - hejuru yumwuzure, kandi nibyiza hejuru yumwaka wa 500 - kugirango uhangane nigihe kirekire. Imbuga ziri mumigezi ikenera ubushakashatsi burambuye bwa hydrologic kandi birashobora gusaba urubuga rwo hejuru, byongera cyane amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho. Ikarita yumwuzure ya FEMA itanga igenzura ryambere, ariko isesengura ryihariye ryurubuga rirakenewe mugushushanya kwanyuma.
Ibikorwa remezo biriho bitanga inyungu zibiciro. Imbuga zifite serivisi zamashanyarazi zihari, kugera kumuhanda, hamwe nogutanga amazi birashobora kuzigama $ 100,000- $ 250.000 mugiciro cyiterambere ugereranije na greenfield. Ahantu h’inganda zatawe akenshi zitanga ibihe byiza, hamwe nimirima yanduye yanduye yemerewe inkunga yisuku igabanya ibiciro byiterambere.
Ibintu byubukungu
Ubushobozi bwubukungu bwimbuga zitandukanye biterwa nigiciro cy’imari n’ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibikorwa. Izi ngingo ziratandukanye cyane kubijyanye nahantu hagenewe gukoreshwa.
Kubona ubutaka cyangwa gukodesha bishyiraho igereranya ryubukungu. Ibiciro byubuguzi biva ku $ 5,000 kuri hegitari mucyaro kugeza hejuru ya $ 500,000 kuri hegitari mumijyi / mumujyi. Ubukode bw'igihe kirekire - (20 - 30) ubusanzwe bugura $ 1.000 - 5,000 $ kuri hegitari buri mwaka kubibanza byicyaro, hamwe n’ibiciro biri hejuru y’ibigo by’abaturage. Inyuma-ya metero yububiko akenshi ikoresha umutungo wabakiriya uriho, ikuraho ibiciro byubutaka burundu.
Amafaranga akoreshwa muguhuza ikiguzi kinini gihinduka hagati yurubuga. Ihuza ryoroshye kubisanzweho rishobora kugura $ 50.000 - $ 150,000. Ibibanza bisaba impinduka nshya, guhinduranya, cyangwa kwagura umurongo birashobora kubona ibiciro birenga $ 500,000. Ikigereranyo cyibiciro byingirakamaro - byatanzwe mugihe cyo kwiga guhuza-bigomba kugira uruhare runini mubukungu bwo guhitamo urubuga.
Amafaranga yinjira ashobora gutandukana ukurikije aho uri muri gride n'amahirwe yo kubona isoko. Imbuga mu kohereza - ahantu hagabanijwe gutegeka ibiciro biri hejuru kubushobozi na serivisi zingufu. Urugero, ERCOT yo mu burengerazuba bwa Texas, yerekana umunsi ugereranije - igiciro kiri imbere gikwirakwizwa $ 60 - $ 80 kuri MWh, mu gihe imbuga za Houston zibona ikwirakwizwa ry’amadolari 40- $ 50 kuri MWh. Iri $ 10- $ 30 kuri itandukaniro rya MWh ryinjiza $ 35,000- $ 105,000 yinyongera yumwaka yinjiza ya bateri ya MW 1 buri munsi.
Igiciro cyo gukora igipimo hamwe nibiranga urubuga. Ibibanza byo mumijyi bifite amafaranga yumutekano menshi ariko uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga. Imbuga zo mucyaro zikeneye igihe kinini cyurugendo rwo guhamagara serivisi, kongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga bisanzwe 20 - 30%. Ikirere gishyushye cyongera amafaranga yo gukonja-urubuga muri Phoenix rushobora gukoresha $ 15,000- $ 20.000 buri mwaka hejuru yingufu za HVAC kuruta kwishyiriraho ibisa na Seattle.
Gutera inkunga na politiki bigira ingaruka cyane mubukungu bwurubuga. Inguzanyo rusange y’imisoro n’ishoramari (ITC) ikoreshwa kuri bateri zishyurwa n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, zitanga inyungu za 30 - 40% ziva mu 2032.
Imisoro yumutungo itandukana bitewe nububasha kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubukungu bwigihe kirekire -. Ibihugu bimwe bisonera ububiko bw’ingufu umusoro ku mutungo, mu gihe ibindi bisuzuma agaciro k’isoko. Umusoro ku mutungo wumwaka urashobora kuva kuri zeru kugeza hejuru ya $ 20.000 kuri MW bitewe n’ahantu - ikintu gihuza imyaka 20 yubuzima.
Isuzuma ry'ingaruka Matrix
Urubuga rwose rushobora gutwara imyirondoro itandukanye kurwego rwa tekiniki, amabwiriza, nubucuruzi. Isuzuma risesuye rishobora gukumira kunanirwa bihenze no gutererana umushinga.
Ibyago byo kwirinda umuriro biterwa nibidukikije byubatswe no kuba hafi yabakira neza. Imbuga zegeranye n’ahantu ho gutura zihura n’igenzura rikomeye ndetse n’abatavuga rumwe n’abaturage. Ibibanza biri muri parike yinganda cyangwa koridoro yingirakamaro bihura nimpungenge nke. Intera yubatswe yubatswe igira ingaruka zikomeye kubireka ingorane hamwe nuburyo bushobora kwishyurwa. Imishinga ibungabunga 200+ kuva mumazu muri rusange igenda neza kurusha iyegereye.
Ingaruka zigenga ziratandukana bitewe nububasha bwanditse hamwe nububiko bwingufu. Uturere dufite imishinga myinshi yemewe hamwe na code isobanutse byerekana ingaruka nke. Ububasha bushingiye ku guhagarika cyangwa kubura bateri iyo ari yo yose - amabwiriza yihariye bitwara neza. Reba niba abayobozi baho bahawe amahugurwa yumutekano wa batiri - abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro batabigenzuye hamwe nabagenzuzi b'inyubako bakunze gutinza imishinga igihe kitarambiranye bafite impungenge zidafite ishingiro.
Ibyago byo kwemerwa nabaturage birashobora gutesha agaciro imishinga yubaka. Uturere turwanya cyane iterambere ryinganda, imishinga itavugwaho rumwe, cyangwa amatsinda ya NIMBY ateganya kwegera no kwigisha. Imishinga igenda neza muribi bibanza ishora amezi 6-12 mugusabana mbere yo gutanga ibyemezo. Imbuga mubice byamenyereye ibikorwa remezo byingirakamaro zihura nibibazo byabaturage.
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byangiza amoko yangiritse, ibishanga, numutungo ndangamuco. Ibiro byangiza ibidukikije ukoresheje ububiko bwaboneka byerekana ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare. Imbuga zifite amoko yemewe arinzwe cyangwa ibishanga byingenzi bisaba ingamba zo kugabanya (kandi zihenze). Ubushakashatsi ku mutungo ndangamuco biba ngombwa mubice bifite ibyiyumvo byubucukuzi - gutinda kwamezi 6-12 ntibisanzwe mugihe havumbuwe ibihangano.
Ingaruka zo guhuza zikomoka kubushobozi bwa gride nubushobozi bwingirakamaro. Uturere tumwe na tumwe twingirakamaro twashyizeho uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza imiyoboro, mugihe utundi dukomeza inzira zidasobanutse zongerera igihe bitateganijwe. Ongera usuzume umurongo wumurongo uhuza umurongo kugirango usuzume ibihe byemewe. Imirongo yerekana 3+ umwaka ibirarane byerekana ibyago byinshi byo gutinda kumushinga utitaye kumiterere yurubuga.
Isoko ryo gutanga ingaruka bigira ingaruka kumahitamo yurubuga muburyo bworoshye. Ahantu hitaruye hongera ibiciro byubwikorezi kandi bigabanya abashoramari kuboneka. Imbuga zitagira crane zisaba ibikoresho byihariye byo guterura. Ahantu hafite ikirere gikaze cyubaka idirishya ryubaka - ikibanza muri Alaska gishobora kuba gifite amezi 4 - amezi 5 yikirere gikwiranye nogushiraho, hamwe nubwubatsi bwumwaka mugihe cyikirere giciriritse.
Kwishyiriraho imyitozo myiza
Gutegura Urubuga
Gutegura neza urubuga byerekana niba kwishyiriraho bigenda neza cyangwa guhura nubukererwe buhenze. Inzira isanzwe ifata ibyumweru 4-8 kuva itangiye kugeza yiteguye gutanga ibikoresho.
Gusiba no gutanga amanota birema urufatiro rwo kwishyiriraho neza. Ibimera bigomba kuvanwa mubikoresho byabigenewe hiyongereyeho 20 - perimetero yikirenge kugirango amazi agerweho. Gutanga amanota bigomba kugera kumurongo wa 1-2% kumazi mugihe kubungabunga ahantu haringaniye ibikoresho-bateri bisaba padi murwego rwa 1/4 santimetero zirenga metero 10 kugirango wirinde guhangayikishwa na sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho.
Igikorwa gifatika gisaba kwitondera amakuru arambuye. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bikenera santimetero 6 - 8 za beto zishimangiwe byibuze byibuze iminsi 28 yo kwikuramo 3000 psi. Umuyoboro winjira muri padi ugomba kuba ufite ubunini bukwiye kandi amazi yugarijwe n'amazi binyuze mumiyoboro itera kwangirika namashanyarazi. Bolt ya Anchor yashyizwe muri beto igomba guhuza neza na kontineri yo gushiraho; kudahuza na 1/2 santimetero irashobora kubuza kwishyiriraho.
Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byubutaka bibaho mbere yo gusukwa. Ibi birimo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kuva kuri gride ihuza aho bateri iherereye, imirongo y'itumanaho yo kugenzura no kugenzura, n'imirongo y'amazi yo kuzimya umuriro nibisabwa. Gutobora bigomba gukomeza metero 3 byibura gutandukanya ingufu ninsinga zitumanaho kugirango wirinde kwivanga.
Ibikorwa remezo byamazi birinda amazi ahagaze ashobora guhungabanya urufatiro no guteza umutekano muke. Ibishanga cyangwa imiyoboro itwara amazi yerekeza ahantu h'ibikoresho. Inkiko zimwe zisaba ibibaya cyangwa uburyo bwo gucengera gucunga amazi yimvura - bigomba kuba byarateguwe naba injeniyeri babifitiye uruhushya kandi byemewe ukwe.
Kwubaka umuhanda byujuje ibyifuzo byinshi: gutanga ibikoresho, kubungabunga bisanzwe, no kubona ibinyabiziga byihutirwa. Imihanda itanga amakamyo 80.000 yama pound ikenera santimetero 6-8 za base ya kaburimbo ifatanye hamwe na radiyo ihagije ihagije (byibura metero 40 imbere ya radiyo). Imihanda yihutirwa igomba kugumana ubugari bwa metero 20 hamwe no guhinduranya buri metero 150 kubisabwa kode yumuriro.
Gushyira uruzitiro rukurikira gutegura ikibanza kandi kibanziriza gutanga ibikoresho. Itandatu - urunigi rwamaguru ruhuza amaboko y'insinga zujuje ibyangombwa byinshi byumutekano. Amarembo agomba kwakira amakamyo - byibura metero 16 z'ubugari kubinyabiziga bitanga. Imbuga zimwe zongeramo inzitizi zibinyabiziga kugirango birinde ibinyabiziga bitemewe mu gihe byemerera abanyamaguru kwinjira.
Gushyira ibikoresho
Imyanya yumubiri yibikoresho bya batiri, transformateur, nibikoresho bifasha bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kubahiriza umutekano. Imiterere yatekereje irinda ibibazo bihenze gukemura nyuma yo kwishyiriraho.
Icyerekezo cya kontineri yibibazo byo gucunga ubushyuhe. Impande ndende zigomba kureba mu majyaruguru - mu majyepfo y’amajyaruguru y’isi kugira ngo hagabanuke izuba ryinshi mu masaha y’ubushyuhe. Ibi bigabanya imizigo yo gukonjesha 10 - 15% ugereranije nuburasirazuba - icyerekezo cyiburengerazuba. Nyamara, icyerekezo cyumuyaga cyiganje gishobora kurenga imirasire yizuba-ibintu byerekeranye na perpendicular kumuyaga wiganje bitezimbere ubukonje busanzwe.
Gusubira inyuma bisaba gupimwa neza mugihe cyimiterere. Shyira kumurongo wose usabwa gusubira inyuma kuri gahunda mbere yo gushiraho ibikoresho. Kode yumuriro itegeka metero 10 - metero 20 zumwanya usobanutse ukikije kontineri-bivuze ko nta binyabiziga, ibimera, cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora gufata iyi zone. Gupima uhereye kumpera yinyuma ya kontineri, ntabwo uhereye kumpande ya padi, kugirango urebe neza.
Ibikoresho byinshi byubatswe bikenera umwanya ukwiye hagati yibice. NFPA 855 isaba metero 6 (hafi metero 20) hagati yububiko bwa batiri keretse umuriro - inzitizi zagenwe zibatandukanya. Uyu mwanya urinda gukwirakwiza umuriro hagati yibice mugihe cyo guhunga ubushyuhe. Imbuga zifite umwanya muto zirashobora gukoresha 1 - isaha urukuta rwerekanwe numuriro kugirango igabanye gutandukana kugera kuri metero 10, nubwo ibi byongera $ 15,000- $ 30.000 kurukuta mugiciro cyubwubatsi.
Guhindura imyanya iringaniza amashanyarazi no gutekereza ku rusaku. Abahindura bagomba kumenya hafi ya bateri (muri metero 50) kugirango bagabanye imigozi ya voltage na voltage igabanuka. Nyamara, abahinduzi bakonjesha bahindura 60 - 70 dB y urusaku - ubashyire kure yumurongo wumutungo hafi y’ahantu humva urusaku. Inzitizi za Acoustic zitanga urusaku rwinshi ariko rugura $ 5,000- $ 10,000 kuri transformateur.
Imiyoboro ya kabili hagati yibigize ikoresha itaziguye - imiyoboro yashyinguwe cyangwa insinga ya kabili. Gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye ariko bigoye guhindura ejo hazaza. Imiyoboro ya kabili itanga ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye ariko igura 30 - 40% muburyo bwambere. Hatitawe ku buryo bwakoreshwa, komeza gutandukana hagati ya - voltage ya insinga za AC hamwe n’umugozi muto wo kugenzura kugirango wirinde amashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho byo gukurikirana no kugenzura akenshi bishyira mubice bitandukanye bitarinda ikirere hafi ya bateri. Izi sisitemu zikeneye kurengera ibidukikije ariko ntabwo urwego rumwe rwo gucunga ubushyuhe nka bateri. Shakisha uburyo bwo kugenzura aho abakoresha urubuga bashobora kubageraho neza - kure y’ibikoresho bya voltage - hamwe n’itara rihagije rya nijoro - serivisi yigihe.
Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na sisitemu iriho
Guhuza bateri ya MW 1 n'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bihari bisaba guhuza neza na gahunda nziza yo kurinda. Kwishyira hamwe nabi bitera ibibazo byimikorere kuva ku ngendo zibangamira kwangiza ibikoresho.
Kurinda relay guhuza ibikorwa byerekana ko amakosa yitandukanya neza bitabangamiye sisitemu yagutse. Batteri isubiza muburyo butandukanye na generator gakondo - zirashobora gutanga umusemburo mwinshi cyane (akenshi 10x zapimwe imbaraga) mugihe gito. Abashinzwe kurinda bagomba kwerekana ibyo biranga kandi bagahindura imiterere ya relay. Isesengura risanzwe rigura $ 15,000- $ 25.000 ariko birinda kwangirika kwibikoresho kandi bitezimbere kwizerwa.
Sisitemu yo hasi isaba kwitabwaho byumwihariko hamwe na bateri. Uruhande rwa DC rwa sisitemu rukeneye gutandukana kuruhande rwa AC, byombi amaherezo bigahuza na gride rusange. Ubutaka budakwiye butuma imiyoboro itemba yangiza ibikoresho kandi bigatera umutekano muke. Kurwanya ubutaka bigomba gupima munsi ya 5 oms - ahantu hamwe nubutaka bwamabuye cyangwa ahantu humye hashobora gukenera inkoni ndende cyangwa kuzamura ubutaka bwa shimi.
Sisitemu y'itumanaho ihuza ituma kurebera hamwe no kugenzura. Batteri nyinshi zikoresha selile cyangwa fibre ihuza amakuru, bisaba imbaraga zihagije zerekana ibimenyetso cyangwa guhagarika fibre physique kurubuga. Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na sisitemu ya SCADA yingirakamaro - ikenewe kuri grid - ibyashizweho bihujwe - bisaba protocole itekanye no kubahiriza ibisabwa byumutekano wa cyber. Tegereza amezi 3-6 yo gusuzuma IT umutekano no kuyishyira mubikorwa.
Ibikoresho bya syncronisation byemeza ko bateri ihuza gride idateye imvururu. Inverter zigezweho zirimo gride ihambaye - yo gukora ubushobozi bujyanye na voltage, inshuro, nicyiciro byikora. Nyamara, amasezerano yingirakamaro yingirakamaro akenshi bisaba guhuza - kugenzura byerekana niba ibintu mbere yo gufunga abamena. Ibi bikoresho bigura $ 8,000- $ 15,000 kandi bikeneye iboneza bikwiye.
Igenzura rya sisitemu igena uburyo bateri yitabira ibihe bitandukanye. Uburyo bukoreshwa burimo kogosha impinga, kugenzura inshuro nyinshi, inkunga ya voltage, hamwe nimbaraga zinyuma - buri kimwe gisaba kugenzura algorithms zitandukanye. Kugenzura porogaramu binyuze mu bizamini bya komisiyo byemeza ko sisitemu isubiza neza mbere yingufu. Iki kizamini mubisanzwe gisaba ibyumweru 1-2 hamwe naba injeniyeri kabuhariwe.
Ibitekerezo
Ibisabwa byo Kubungabunga
Sisitemu ya bateri ya megawatt 1 isaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kugirango yizere imikorere yizewe kandi neza. Bitandukanye n'ibisekuru gakondo bikenera serivisi zikomeye, kubika bateri biroroshye ariko biracyakenewe.
Gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije isanzwe ihamagarira buri gihembwe. Abatekinisiye bagenzura sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, kugenzura ibyuma byubushyuhe bikora neza, no kugenzura imiterere yumubiri. Kubungabunga buri mwaka birimo ibizamini birambuye - gupima ingufu za selile, kugenzura imiyoboro ya ruswa, no kugenzura sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro ikora neza. Izi gahunda zo kubungabunga zitwara $ 15,000- $ 25,000 buri mwaka kuri sisitemu ya MW 1.
Serivisi ishinzwe gucunga ubushyuhe irinda impamvu zikunze gutera kunanirwa imburagihe. Akayunguruzo ka HVAC gakeneye kugenzurwa buri kwezi no gusimburwa buri gihembwe ahantu h'umukungugu. Urwego rwa firigo ikonjesha rugomba kugenzurwa buri mwaka. Kubungabunga bidahagije sisitemu yo gukonjesha biganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihuta bwangirika kwa batiri - kugabanya igihe cya sisitemu kuva kumyaka 10-12 kugeza kumyaka 6-8.
Sisitemu yo kumenya umuriro no kuzimya bisaba kwipimisha buri mwaka nabatekinisiye bemewe. Ibi bikubiyemo kugenzura ibyuma byerekana umwotsi, kugerageza uburyo bwo guhagarika sisitemu yo guhagarika ibikorwa (nta gusohora), no kugenzura sisitemu zo kumeneka kubora cyangwa kuzibira. Inkiko nyinshi zisaba raporo ya gatatu - raporo yo kugenzura amashyaka yatanzwe buri mwaka kugirango ibungabunge uruhushya rwo gukora.
Ikizamini cyo gukora bateri kibaho inshuro 2 - inshuro 4 buri mwaka kugirango ukurikirane iyangirika. Ibi bizamini bipima ubushobozi buhari hamwe no kurwanya imbere - ibipimo byingenzi byubuzima bwa bateri. Kwangirika bisanzwe byerekana 1-3% gutakaza ubushobozi bwumwaka. Kwangirika byihuse byerekana ibibazo bisaba iperereza rishobora kuba ibibazo byo gucunga ubushyuhe, gusiganwa ku magare birenze urugero, cyangwa inenge zakozwe muri garanti.
Ivugurura rya software ya sisitemu yo kugenzura hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ibaho inshuro nyinshi kumwaka. Ivugurura ritezimbere imikorere, ikosore amakosa, kandi rimwe na rimwe wongere ibintu bishya. Mugihe ivugurura rishobora gukorerwa kure, imyitozo myiza ikubiyemo kugenzura - kugenzura urubuga kugirango ukemure ibibazo byose bivuka mugihe cyo kuvugurura.
Gukurikirana imikorere
Sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikomeza itanga imikorere ya bateri kandi igafasha kumenya hakiri kare ibibazo. Ibikoresho bigezweho bitanga amagana yamakuru - ubushyuhe, voltage, imigezi, ingufu zitemba - zinjira buri masegonda make.
Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana imikorere yubuzima bwa sisitemu mugihe. Uruzinduko - gukora neza urugendo - igipimo cyingufu zisohoka ningufu muri - kigomba kuguma hejuru ya 85% kuri sisitemu ya lithium - ion. Kugabanuka neza byerekana ibibazo bijyanye na electronics power cyangwa selile. Ibipimo byubuzima (SOH) bigereranya ubuzima busigaye bushingiye ku buryo bwo kwangirika. Sisitemu yerekana SOH hejuru ya 90% nyuma yimyaka ibiri ikora ikora neza.
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bukwiye kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigomba kuguma muri dogere 20 - 30 mugihe cyo gukora. Akagari ako ari ko kose gahora gafite dogere 5 zishyushye kurenza izindi zerekana ikibazo-birashoboka ko selile yananiranye cyangwa umwuka ukonje udahagije. Sisitemu zigezweho zifunga mu buryo bwikora niba ubushyuhe bwegereye urwego rutekanye, ariko iri hagarikwa ryinjiza amafaranga kandi rishobora kwerekana serivisi zikenewe.
Ingufu zikoreshwa zikurikirana zerekana uko bateri yazengurutse. Aya makuru agaburira garanti na gahunda yo kubungabunga. Batare ya MW 1 ikora mugutondekanya inshuro irashobora kuzunguruka kabiri kumunsi (8 MWh yinjiza buri munsi), mugihe iyogosha ryogosha rishobora kuzunguruka rimwe kumunsi. Amagare maremare yihutisha kwambara kandi atezimbere igihe cyo gusimbuza ibice.
Amafaranga yinjira akurikirana amakuru yimikorere nibikorwa byimari. Sisitemu yinjije angahe muri kamarampaka yingufu? Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo kuzigama? Inyungu nyazo zihuye n'ibiteganijwe? Iri sesengura ryerekana amahirwe yo gutezimbere kandi ryemeza ibitekerezo byubukungu byatumye guhitamo urubuga rwambere.
Sisitemu yo kumenyesha imenyesha abakora ibintu bisaba kwitabwaho. Impuruza zikomeye - gutahura umuriro, ubushyuhe bukabije, gutakaza ubukonje - bitera igisubizo ako kanya. Non - impuruza zikomeye - itumanaho rito, itandukanyirizo ryubushyuhe - log kugirango isubirwemo mugihe cyo kuyitaho buri gihe. Iboneza ryukuri ririnda ibibazo byabuze hamwe numunaniro wo gutabaza kubimenyesha byinshi.
Amakosa Rusange yo Kwirinda
Gutsindira bateri 1 MW bisaba kwirinda imitego myinshi ikunze gutesha agaciro imishinga cyangwa kubangamira imikorere.
Gupfobya igihe cyo guhuza urutonde nkikosa rikunze kugaragara. Abashoramari bakunze gufata igihe cyamezi 6 - 12 uhereye kubisabwa kugeza ingufu, ariko amezi 24-36 yerekana ko ari ibintu bifatika ku masoko yuzuye. Iyi mibare itari yo ita gahunda yo gutera inkunga n'ibiteganijwe kwinjiza. Buri gihe usabe ubushakashatsi burambuye bwo guhuza ibikorwa kuva mugikorwa cyo gutoranya ikibanza-mbere yo gusinya ubukode bwubutaka cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutumiza.
Kwirengagiza ibibazo byabaturage biganisha ku gutinda cyangwa kwangwa umushinga. Inkongi y'umuriro ya Batiri yakira ibitangazamakuru byinshi, bigatera impungenge abaturage nubwo ibyabaye ari imibare. Imishinga isiba kwegera abaturage ihura n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu ruhame. Abaterankunga babishoboye bakora inama zidasanzwe nabaturanyi amezi mbere yo gutanga ibyemezo, gukemura ibibazo mubyukuri, kandi bagaragaza ubushake bwumutekano.
Kubona urubuga rudahagije birinda kwishyiriraho ibikoresho cyangwa bigoye gutabara byihutirwa. Ibikoresho bya bateri bigera kumuzigo urenze urugero usaba umuhanda wihariye hamwe nubushobozi bwibiro. Imbuga zagerwaho gusa mumihanda migufi cyangwa ibiraro bito ntibishoboka gukorera. Kugenzura inzira yo kugemura hamwe namasosiyete atwara abantu mbere yo kurangiza guhitamo ikibanza - guhindura mumihanda nyabagendwa birashobora kugura amadorari 100, 000+ kandi bigatwara imyaka kugirango ubyemere.
Gusimbuka ku iperereza rya geotechnique bitera ibibazo bihenze mugihe cyo kubaka. Dufashe ubutaka "bwiza" bushingiye ku kugenzura inyuma iyo abakozi babonye ibintu bidakenewe bisaba kuzuzwa cyangwa gushinga imizi. Amadorari 10,000 yazigamye mugupima ubutaka ahinduka 100.000 $ mugiciro cyateganijwe. Buri gihe ushore imari muri raporo zikwiye za tekinoroji kurubuga urwo arirwo rwose rusuzumwa.
Kwirengagiza uburyo bwo kubungabunga nyuma yo kwishyiriraho bitera umutwe umutwe. Ibikoresho bikenera serivisi zisanzwe, kandi ibice bisaba gusimburwa. Imbuga zakozwe hamwe n'umwanya uhagije usanga gukuraho inverter yananiwe bisaba gusenya ibikoresho byegeranye. Tanga umwanya uhagije wo gukoreramo - byibura metero 10 kuruhande rumwe rwibikoresho - kugirango ubungabunge buri gihe no gusana ejo hazaza.
Kunanirwa kubona igihe kirekire - uburenganzira bwubutaka bukwiranye nigihe cyumushinga bitera kwerekana. Imishinga ya Batteri ikora kumyaka 15-25, ariko abayitezimbere rimwe na rimwe basinya ubukode bwimyaka 10 kugirango bagabanye ibiciro byambere. Iyo ibiganiro byo kuvugurura ubukode bitangiye, ba nyir'ubutaka bunguka byinshi kugirango basabe ibiciro biri hejuru. Huza amasezerano yo gukodesha ubuzima bwumushinga, cyangwa umutekano wo kuvugurura hamwe nigipimo cyagenwe cyagenwe.
Kazoza - Kugaragaza Kwishyiriraho
Imiterere yo kubika ingufu ikomeje kwihuta cyane, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya, amabwiriza, n'amahirwe yo kwisoko agaragara buri gihe. Guhitamo urubuga rwubwenge ntibireba gusa ibyangombwa byuyu munsi ahubwo nibishoboka ejo.
Kwaguka byerekana agaciro nkubukungu bwububiko butera imbere kandi ingufu zikenera kwiyongera. Imbuga zakira ibikoresho bya batiri byongeweho bidafite ibikorwa remezo byingenzi bizamura ubworoherane bwo kwagura ubushobozi. Mugihe usuzuma imbuga, tekereza niba hari umwanya wo gukuba kabiri ubunini bwubushakashatsi. Ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi - impinduka, guhinduranya, imiyoboro ya gride - bigomba kuba binini hamwe no kwaguka mubitekerezo, nubwo kubaka - hanze ari bito.
Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga bizaboneka uko chemisties ya bateri itera imbere. Lithium yuyu munsi - sisitemu ya ion amaherezo izatanga inzira ikomeye - bateri za leta, bateri zigezweho, cyangwa ibindi bishya bitanga imikorere myiza cyangwa igiciro gito. Imiterere yurubuga rwemerera guhinduranya ibintu bitabangamiye iyinjizamo ryose ritanga inzira zo kuzamura. Igishushanyo mbonera aho buri kintu gikora cyigenga gishobora kuzamura kuzamura - gusimbuza icyarimwe icyarimwe mugihe ibindi bikomeza gukora.
Amategeko yo kwitabira isoko ahora ahinduka, agatanga amahirwe mashya yo kwinjiza. Abakoresha amashanyarazi bahora bamenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bishya bya serivisi batteri ishobora gutanga. Imbuga zifite umwanya wo kwitabira gahunda nyinshi zamasoko - ubukemurampaka bwingufu, kugenzura inshuro nyinshi, amasoko yubushobozi, serivisi zo kugabura - byerekana ko bihamye uko isoko rihinduka. Ibi bifasha kohereza - imbuga zahujwe hejuru yinyuma ya - ya metero -, nubwo aba nyuma batanga inyungu binyuze muburyo bwo kugurisha ibiciro.
Ibidukikije bizakomeza gukomera uko bateri nyinshi ziza kumurongo kandi gusobanukirwa ningaruka ziratera imbere. Kode yumuriro, ibipimo byumutekano, nibisabwa mubidukikije bigenda bikenerwa mugihe runaka. Kwishyiriraho ibirenze byibuze uyumunsi - kuzimya umuriro neza, gusubira inyuma cyane, kugenzura neza - guhura ningaruka nke zo gusubirana amafaranga menshi mugihe ibipimo bihindutse. Iyi "kwiyubaka" igura 5 - 10% hejuru ariko itanga amahoro yigihe kirekire yo kugenga umutima.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Sisitemu ya bateri ya MW 1 ikeneye umwanya angahe?
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bifite metero kare 320-640 (kimwe cyangwa bibiri byoherejwe n'ibikoresho byoherejwe), ariko gusubira inyuma bisabwa kugwiza cyane. Kode yumuriro itegeka metero 10-20 zo gukuraho impande zose kugirango byihutirwa, hiyongereyeho umwanya wa transformateur, imihanda igana, hamwe nuruzitiro rwumutekano. Nibura byibuze ni hegitari 0,25 (hafi metero kare 11,000) kugirango ushyiremo kontineri imwe, nubwo hegitari 0,5 zitanga icyumba cyakazi cyiza kandi cyemerera kwaguka ejo hazaza. Imbuga muri zone zo guturamo zishobora gukenera umwanya munini bitewe nibisabwa binini byo gusubira inyuma kumurongo wumutungo hamwe nububiko.
Nshobora gushyiramo bateri ya MW 1 mu nzu?
Kwishyira mu nzu birashoboka mubuhanga ariko birahura nimbogamizi zifatika. Sisitemu isaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwa HVAC kugirango ikureho ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe gikora - mubisanzwe 20 - 40 kW yo gukomeza gukonja. Guhagarika umuriro biba bigoye mu nzu, akenshi bisaba sisitemu yihariye irenze imyubakire isanzwe. Icyingenzi cyane, kodegisi yubaka isaba ubucuruzi - ibyiciro byubushakashatsi kuri sisitemu irenga 20 kWh, hamwe no gutandukana cyane nu mwanya wafashwe. Inyubako zinganda zifite igisenge kinini, guhumeka neza, hamwe nibyumba bya mashini byitaruye bituma ahantu heza h'imbere. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, ibikoresho byashizwe hanze byerekana ko bikoresha amafaranga menshi kandi byoroshye kubyemera.
Nibihe bisanzwe bisanzwe kuva guhitamo urubuga kugeza gukora?
Ingengabihe iratandukanye cyane ukurikije ahantu hamwe na gride ihuza imiterere. Kuri inyuma - gushyiramo - metero kubikoresho bihari bifite ingufu zamashanyarazi zihari, amezi 6 - amezi 9 birashoboka. Ibi birimo amezi 2-3 yo kubyemerera, amezi 2-3 yo kugura ibikoresho, n'amezi 2-3 yo kubaka no gutangiza. Imishinga ihuza imiyoboro isaba guhuza ibikorwa byingirakamaro bifata amezi 18-36, hamwe nigihe kinini cyakoreshejwe nubushakashatsi bwihuza hamwe nubuyobozi bwumurongo. Imishinga mu nkiko idafite amabwiriza ya batiri yashyizweho irashobora guhura nubukererwe bwamezi 6-12 mugihe abayobozi baho bategura uburyo bwo kubemerera. Guhera kare hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa no kwishora mubikorwa bigabanya cyane igihe rusange.
Nkeneye ubwishingizi bwihariye kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri?
Politiki yubwishingizi bwimitungo isanzwe ikuraho cyangwa igabanya cyane uburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Uzakenera ubwishingizi bwihariye bukubiyemo ibyangiritse, guhagarika ubucuruzi, uburyozwe, hamwe na hamwe, garanti yimikorere. Amafaranga yumwaka kuri sisitemu ya MW 1 mubisanzwe kuva $ 8,000 kugeza $ 25.000 bitewe nahantu, sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro, hamwe nuburambe bwabakozi. Abatwara ubwishingizi barasaba UL 9540A ibisubizo byikizamini, gahunda zuzuye zumutekano wumuriro, hamwe nicyemezo cya gahunda nziza yo kubungabunga. Abatwara ibintu bimwe batanga ibiciro byagabanijwe kuri sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro cyangwa gukurikiranwa 24/7 nabakozi babishoboye. Shira mubikorwa ibiciro bikomeza mubukungu bwumushinga kuva mbere.
Kwinjizamo sisitemu ya bateri ya megawatt 1 bisaba gutekereza cyane kubibazo byawe byo gukoresha, imbuga zihari, hamwe nigihe kirekire - gikenewe. Ahantu heza kuri bateri ya megawatt 1 biterwa no kuringaniza imiyoboro ya interineti, uburyo bushoboka, ubukungu, nibisabwa umutekano. Waba ugamije kohereza insimburangingo ya serivisi ya gride, inyuma ya - kwishyiriraho metero - yo gucunga ibisabwa, cyangwa guhuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, intsinzi iva mu isuzuma rya sisitemu itunganijwe no kwita kubisabwa tekinike n'ibibazo by'abaturage. Guhera ku ntego z'umushinga usobanutse no gukora inyuma kugirango umenye imbuga zikora izo ntego zitanga umusaruro ushimishije kuruta gushaka urubuga mbere ukagerageza gukora.