Hamwe n’iterambere rinini - no gukoresha ingufu nshya, hamwe n’ibisabwa bigenda byiyongera ku mashanyarazi no kwizerwa by’amashanyarazi, buri kintu cyose cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, kuva ku musaruro ukageza ku bicuruzwa, kirimo guhinduka cyane. Tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu hamwe na sisitemu byavunnye icyuho cyukuri - igihe kiringaniye mumashanyarazi gakondo, byongera cyane imikorere ya sisitemu yingufu. Ibi na byo, bitera mu buryo butaziguye guhindura buhoro buhoro imyubakire y’ingufu, yari isanzwe yiganjemo ibicanwa biva mu kirere, ikaba yiganjemo amasoko mashya y’ingufu, kandi iyi nzira ikomeje kwiyongera.
Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwatekinoroji yo kubika ingufuSisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) ifite imiterere itandukanye yo kugenzura hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza. Ibi bituma BESS ihaza ibikenewe byombi sisitemu yingufu hamwe nabaguzi muburyo butandukanye, bityo bikurura abantu benshi. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya BESS bugira uruhare rutaziguye mu iterambere rya BESS kandi bwabaye bumwe mu buhanga bwingenzi kuri nini nini - ikoreshwa no kumenyekana.
Incamake yisoko ryo kubika ingufu
Dukurikije imibare ituzuye ivuye mu bubiko bw’umushinga w’ububiko bw’ingufu za Zhongguancun (CNESA), guhera mu mpera za 2019, ubushobozi bwo gushyira ingufu mu mishinga yo kubika ingufu ku isi hose (harimo ububiko bwa hydro pompe, kubika ingufu za batiri, kubika umunyu ushushe w’ubushyuhe, kubika ingufu za flwheel, n’ubundi buryo bwo kubika ingufu) byageze kuri 18 {6} 2} Muri ibyo, ububiko bwa hydro pompe bwari bufite ubushobozi bunini bwo kwishyiriraho 171.0 GW, umwaka - kuri - umwaka wiyongereyeho 0.2%; kubika ingufu za batiri byakurikiranwe hafi hamwe nubushobozi bwashyizwemo 9520.5 MW; muri tekinoroji zitandukanye zo kubika ingufu za batiri, bateri ya lithium - ion yari ifite ubushobozi bunini bwo kwishyiriraho ingufu za MW 8454.2, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.
Cumulative yubushobozi bwimishinga yo kubika ingufu kwisi (muri MW)
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2019, Ubushinwa bwashyize ingufu mu bikorwa byo kubika ingufu zageze kuri 32.4 GW, bingana na 17,6% by'isoko mpuzamahanga, umwaka - ku mwaka - wiyongereyeho 3,6%. Muri ibyo, ububiko bwa hydro pompe bwari bufite ubushobozi bunini bwo kwishyiriraho 30.3 GW, umwaka - ku mwaka - kwiyongera kwa 1.0%; ububiko bw'ingufu za batiri bwashyizwe kumwanya wa kabiri hamwe nubushakashatsi bwashyizwemo MW 1709,6, umwaka - kuri - umwaka wiyongereyeho 59.4%. Muri tekinoroji zitandukanye zo kubika ingufu za batiri, bateri ya lithium - ion yari ifite ubushobozi bunini bwo kwishyiriraho ingufu za MW 1377.9, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira.
Ubushobozi bwashyizwe mubikorwa byo kubika ingufu mubushinwa (Igice: MW)
Nubwo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zumubiri, bugereranwa nububiko bwa hydro pompe, buracyiganje mumishinga yo kubika ingufu zisi yose, bingana na 92,6%, igiciro cyambere cyishoramari ni kinini, kandi harahari umwanya muto wo kugabanya ibiciro bizaza, kandi bafite ibisabwa cyane kubutaka. Kubika ingufu za bateri, nkuburyo bwingenzi bwo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi, byateye imbere byihuse mumyaka yashize. BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) ifite ibyiza bya tekiniki nko gukoresha byoroshye, gutakaza igihombo gito, umuvuduko wihuse, kugenzura neza, kandi ntibigarukira kumiterere yimiterere, bigatuma bikwirakwira cyane kandi nini - igipimo, byinshi -. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ikiguzi cya sisitemu zitandukanye zo kubika ingufu za batiri ziteganijwe kurushaho kugabanukaho 50% kugeza kuri 60%. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nk'uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (IRENA) kibitangaza ngo igipimo cya BESS ku isi kiziyongera vuba kigere kuri 175 GW mu 2030. Nk'uko CNESA yabitangaje, hagati ya 2020 na 2024, ubunini bw'isoko ryo kubika ingufu za batiri mu Bushinwa buzakomeza kwiyongera, aho izamuka ry’umwaka riva kuri 55% kugeza kuri 65%, bikagera kuri GW 15 kuri 24 GW muri 2024.
Ariko, ikwirakwizwa ryakarere ryimishinga yo kubika ingufu za batiri iracyari imwe cyane. Nubwo imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu za batiri yatangijwe mu bihugu cyangwa uturere 49 ku isi hose muri 2019, ibihugu icumi bya mbere, bihagarariwe n’Ubushinwa, Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, na Ositaraliya, byinjije 91,6% by’ubushobozi bw’isi yose byiyongereye muri 2019. Ubushobozi bw’umushinga wo kubika ingufu za batiri mu Bushinwa no muri Amerika bwarenze MW 500, hamwe n’Ubushinwa, cyane cyane, bwazamutse ku mwanya wa gatanu muri 2017 ndetse na 2018 muri Koreya. imishinga yo kubika ingufu muri 2019 kubera ibibazo byumutekano.
Muri 2019, intara icumi za mbere (uturere twigenga, amakomine) mu Bushinwa hamwe n’imishinga minini yashizwemo ingufu zo kubika ingufu za batiri ni Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Sinayi, Qinghai, Beijing, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang, na Henan. Ubushobozi bushya hamwe muri izi ntara icumi (uturere twigenga, amakomine) bwagize 88.9% byubushobozi bushya bw’Ubushinwa muri 2019.
Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu hamwe n’isoko - ryateje imbere isoko ry’amashanyarazi muri Amerika, kubika ingufu za batiri byahindutse byihuse - byiyongera mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu muri Amerika, kandi rikoreshwa cyane mu bice byose by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, harimo kubyara, kohereza, gukwirakwiza, no gukoresha, bikora igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikoranabuhanga gisobanutse neza ndetse n’ubucuruzi bukora neza.
2019 yiswe umwaka wacitse ku nganda zo kubika ingufu muri Amerika, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwose bwashyizwemo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri bwageze kuri MW 1600 muri uwo mwaka. Dukurikije amakuru aheruka gusohoka muri "2019 Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Yearbook" n’ishyirahamwe ry’ububiko bw’ingufu (ESA), ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu muri Amerika muri 2019 bwageze kuri MW 522.7 MW / 1113, aho igihembwe cya kane cyonyine gifite MW 186.4 MW / 264.2 MWh. McKinsey & Company iteganya ko ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu za batiri muri Amerika zizikuba inshuro eshatu izo muri 2019 muri 2020, zikikuba inshuro ebyiri muri 2021, kandi bugere kuri 7.3 GW muri 2025; igishoro cyose ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu muri Amerika muri 2019 cyari miliyoni 712 z'amadolari, mu gihe biteganijwe ko kizagera kuri miliyari 2 z'amadolari muri 2020.
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muri sisitemu yamashanyarazi nibisabwa amashanyarazi haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga, ibice byingenzi bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri nabyo biratandukanye. Gufata lithium - ion sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri nkurugero, kwisi yose, porogaramu ikunze kugaragara kuruhande rwa gride, nko kugenzura inshuro nyinshi, kogosha impinga, hamwe na serivisi zifasha, bingana na 52.7%, hagakurikiraho gushyigikira ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kuri 28.9%, hanyuma zikwirakwizwa na microgrid zikoreshwa kuruhande rwabakoresha kuri 18.4%. Mu Bushinwa, gushyigikira ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n’ibisabwa cyane, bingana na 37.7%, bikurikirwa na gride - n’abakoresha - ku ruhande rwa 25% na 25.3%.
Nubwo umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere muri 2019 wagabanutse cyane ugereranije n’umuvuduko wa 126% w’isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu ku isi mu 2018, ububiko bw’ingufu buzakomeza kugumana iterambere rikomeye mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye byongera ingufu z’ingufu kandi bikongerera ibyifuzo by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Bimaze kuba ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi mubihugu kugirango bigere ku ntego z’ingamba z’ingufu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhera muri Kamena 2020, ubushobozi bwo gushyira ingufu mu bikorwa byo kubika amashanyarazi bukora ku isi hose bwageze kuri 185.3 GW, hamwe n’ubushinwa bwashyizwe hamwe bugera kuri 32.7 GW. Muri ibyo, ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho ingufu ku isi hose bwo kubika ingufu za batiri bwageze kuri MW 10,112.3 MW, burenga ikimenyetso cya GW 10, bivuze ko umwaka - ku mwaka - wiyongereyeho 36.1%, mu gihe Ubushinwa bwashyizwemo ingufu bwageze kuri MW 1.831.0 MW, umwaka - ku mwaka - kwiyongera kwa 53.9%.