Ubushyuhe bwa Batiri ya Litiyumu: Imipaka ikora n'umutekano

Batteri ya Litiyumu ikoresha imbaraga zose kuva terefone zigendanwa kugezasisitemu yo kubika ingufu- ariko imikorere yabo ishingiye kumpinduka imwe amatsinda menshi yimishinga adaha agaciro: ubushyuhe. Waba ukoresha BESS mu butayu bwa Arizona cyangwa uruganda rukonje - uruganda rukora ikirere mu majyaruguru ya Minnesota, kubona ibahasha yumuriro nabi bisaba amafaranga nyayo kandi bigatera ingaruka nyazo.

Aka gatabo karimo imipaka yubushyuhe bwo gukora, kwishyuza, kubika, no gukoresha bateri ya lithium mubihe nyabyo -. Ibyibandwaho ni chimie ya lithium fer (LiFePO4), yiganje mububiko bwingufu zubucuruzi ninganda kubwimpamvu zizagaragara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa neza bwa Bateri ya Litiyumu?

Litiyumu - bateri ya ion ikora neza imbere yidirishya ryubushyuhe. Injira hanze yacyo kandi ntutakaza gusa imikorere - ushobora guhura ningirabuzimafatizo zihoraho, igihe gito cya serivisi, kandi mubihe bibi cyane, guhunga ubushyuhe.

Ubwumvikane rusange mubukora ninzego zipima - harimo amakuru yatangajwe na Tier 1 LiFePO4 abatunganya selile nka CATL na BYD - aracika kuburyo bukurikira. Kugirango ukore neza, bateri ya lithium igomba gukora hagati ya dogere 15 na dogere 35 (dogere 59 F kugeza 95 dogere F). Kwishyuza bigomba kubaho gusa hagati ya dogere 0 na dogere 45 (dogere 32 kugeza kuri 113 F). Kumwanya muremure - igihe cyo kubika, urwego rusabwa ni -20 dogere kugeza kuri dogere 25 (-4 dogere F kugeza kuri dogere 77 F), nibyiza kuri 30% kugeza 50% byishyurwa. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa ntarengwa bwicara kuri dogere 60 (dogere 140 F), hejuru y’ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho n’ingaruka zikomeye z'umutekano byiyongera cyane.

Kuki LiFePO4 byumwihariko? Ubushuhe bwacyo bwo guhumeka bwicara kuri dogere 270 (dogere 518 F), kuri data yo muri selire - kwipimisha nabi kurwego rwa UL na laboratoire zigenga. Gereranya ibyo hafi ya dogere 150 kugeza kuri 210 kuri chimisties ya nikel manganese cobalt (NMC). Ntabwo ari icyuho gito - ni itandukaniro riri hagati ya chimie yihanganira amakosa nimwe ibahana. Nimpamvu nyamukuru LiFePO4 itegeka hafi 75% yububiko bwububiko buhagaze kwisi yose nkuko byatangajwe na BloombergNEF 2024 ikurikirana isoko ryo kubika ingufu. Imiterere yubushyuhe bwihariye niyo mpamvu LiFePO4 yiganje kuriingufu za batiri nyinshiisoko ryo gusaba ubucuruzi ninganda.

Ukuntu Ubukonje bugira ingaruka kumikorere ya Batiri ya Litiyumu

Ubukonje butinda ibintu byose kurwego rwakagari. Munsi ya dogere 15, kurwanya imbere birazamuka, ubushobozi buragabanuka, nimbaraga zisohoka. Kuri dogere 0, tegereza hafi 80% yubushobozi bwagenwe. Kuri dogere - 20, ushobora kubona 60% cyangwa munsi yayo. Iyi ntabwo ari imibare yerekana-ihuza murwego rwo gusohora ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zikomeye.

Ariko akaga nyako ntigabanijwe gusohora. Irimo kwishyuza.

Iyo usunitse amashanyarazi muri bateri ya lithium iri munsi ya dogere 0 (dogere 32 F), lithium metallic irashobora gushira hejuru ya anode aho guhuza imiterere ya grafite nkuko igomba. Nibisate bya lithium, kandi birahoraho. Ikintu kimwe cyo kwishyuza kuri sub - ubushyuhe bukonje bushobora gutera gutakaza ubushobozi kuburyo ntanubwo bwitaho buzakurikiraho. Irema kandi imbere mugufi - inzira zinzira. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwo kwambara buhoro buhoro - ni ikosa rimwe - igihe hamwe ningaruka zirambye.

Urugero:Mu ntangiriro za 2023, uruganda rukora muri Wisconsin rwagati rwazanye 500 kWh LiFePO4 BESS kumurongo kugirango igabanuke ryinshi. Kwishyiriraho kwumwimerere byakoresheje gusa ibyingenzi bidafite sisitemu yo gushyushya. Mu gihe cy'itumba rya mbere, BMS yagerageje kwishyurwa inshuro nyinshi ku bushyuhe bwakagari hagati ya dogere - 5 na dogere - 2 mbere yuko ihagarikwa ry’uburinzi ritangira. Mu mpeshyi yakurikiyeho, sisitemu yari imaze gutakaza hafi 8% y’ubushobozi bwayo bukoreshwa - mbere y’umurongo uteganijwe guteshwa agaciro. Retrofit hamwe nibintu byabanjirije gushyushya hamwe na software ya BMS ivuguruye byahinduye sisitemu, ariko ubushobozi bwatakaye ntibwashoboka. Umuhuza wasangiye uru rubanza ubu aragaragaza ubushyuhe bukabije kuri buri mushinga w’ikirere gikonje, hatitawe ku ngengo y’imari.

Kubika ingufu mubihe bikonje, imicungire yubushyuhe ntabwo ihitamo - ni imiterere. Ibigezwehohanze yinama y'abaminisitiri BESS ibisubizogukemura ibi hamwe no gushyushya bateri izana selile hejuru yumutekano wishyurwa mbere yo kwakira icyaricyo cyose. Iterambere rya BMS rigenzura ubushyuhe bwakagari mugihe nyacyo kandi rizanga byanze bikunze amategeko yo kwishyuza niba ibintu bimeze nabi.

Ingamba zifatika zo gukonjesha ubukonje -: shyira sisitemu mubidukikije cyangwa bikikijwe, koresha BMS - byateje ubushyuhe mbere - mbere yo kwishyurwa mbere, kwishyiriraho imyanya kugirango ifate izuba ryinshi ku manywa, kandi ugaragaze ibizengurutswe n’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ibidukikije. Ibi ntabwo ari byiza - kugeza - bafiteakamaro - igipimo nubucuruzi bwububiko bwingufumu majyaruguru ya Amerika cyangwa Kanada. Ni ibyingenzi.

Bigenda bite iyo Bateri ya Litiyumu ishyushye?

Ubukonje burababaza by'agateganyo. Ubushyuhe bwangiza burundu.

Ubushyuhe burambye buri hejuru ya dogere 35 byihutisha kubora electrolyte, kwihutisha SEI (ikomeye - electrolyte interphase) gukura kwurwego, no gutesha agaciro ibikoresho bya electrode. Ingengabihe yo gusaza kuva muri Sandia National Laboratories Porogaramu yo Kubika Ingufu Zigaragaza ko selile lithium - ion zibitse kuri dogere 55 mumezi atandatu zishobora gutakaza hafi 10% yubushobozi bwakoreshwa, mugihe selile zibitswe kuri dogere 15 zigumana hafi 95% mugihe cyumwaka wose. Itandukaniro ni ikinamico - no guhuriza hamwe.

Amategeko yintoki akoreshwa naba injeniyeri benshi: buri dogere 10 yiyongera mubushyuhe burambye bukubye hafi inshuro ebyiri umuvuduko wo kwangirika kwimiti. Kubucuruzi BESS iteganijwe gutanga amafaranga 6.000 cyangwa arenga - yo gusohora ibihe byimyaka 15 yubuzima bwa serivisi, ibi ntabwo ari abstract. Sisitemu ikora buri gihe kuri dogere 45 aho kuba dogere 25 irashobora gutakaza imyaka yumurimo wingenzi. Imyaka.

Urugero:Imirasire y'izuba - hiyongereyeho - umushinga wo kubika mu majyepfo ya Arizona - a sisitemu ya MWh LiFePO4 yashyizwe mu 2021 - mu ikubitiro yashingiye ku gukonjesha ikirere ku gahato kangana n’ibihe "ugereranije". Mu mpeshyi ebyiri za mbere, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze bwakomeje kurenga dogere 45, ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere bwarenze dogere 40 mugihe cyo gusohora nyuma ya saa sita. Nyuma y'amezi 18, uyikoresha yanditse inyandiko ya 12% igabanuka, neza na garanti yo hanze. Sisitemu yasubiwemo hamwe no gukonjesha amazi, kandi gutesha agaciro byagarutse ku gipimo gisanzwe. Umukoresha yagereranije kwangirika hakiri kare byatwaye hafi 180.000 byamadorari yatakaje agaciro kinjiza mugihe cyateganijwe mubuzima bwose. Nkuko umwe mu ba injeniyeri babo yabivuze: "Twazigamye $ 40K mu gukonjesha imbere kandi byadutwaye inshuro enye."

Kurenga gusaza byihuse, ubushyuhe bukabije butangiza ingaruka zikomeye z'umutekano. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri imbere burenze dogere 60, ibice bigize selile bitangira gucika muburyo butanga ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Niba umusaruro wubushyuhe urenze ubushobozi bwakagari ko kumena, ibisubizo ni uguhunga ubushyuhe - umuntu - gushimangira urunigi rushobora gutuma habaho imyuka yubumara, umuriro, cyangwa guturika. Mumapaki menshi ya - selile, gutwarwa nubushyuhe mumaselire imwe birashobora kwizirika kuri selile zegeranye, bikabyara - igipimo kinini cyumuriro.

Niyo mpanvu BESS igezweho, harimosisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri, shyiramo gukonjesha amazi cyangwa guhatirwa - imicungire yubushyuhe bwo mu kirere yagenwe kugirango buri selile igende neza, ndetse no mubihe bibi -. Sisitemu ikomeza selile - kugeza kuri - ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwakagari, nabwo buteza imbere ubushobozi kandi bukagura ubuzima muri rusange.

Kwishyuza no Gusohora Ubushyuhe Buke: Ntabwo Bimwe

Iyi ni ingingo ikwiye gushimangirwa kuko ifata abantu nabi. Imipaka yo gusohora iragutse kuruta imipaka yishyurwa.

Litiyumu nyinshi - bateri zishobora gusohora neza kurwego rwa dogere -20 kugeza kuri dogere 60 (-4 dogere F kugeza kuri dogere 140 F), nubwo imikorere itesha agaciro kumpande zombi. Kwishyuza, ariko, bigomba kugarukira kuri dogere 0 kugeza kuri dogere 45 (dogere 32 F kugeza 113 F).

Asimmetrie ibaho kuko kwishyuza ingufu za lithium ion muburyo bwa anode - inzira iba ikibazo mugihe anode ikonje kandi itinda cyangwa iyo ubushyuhe bukabije buhungabanya electrolyte. Mugihe cyo gusohora, uburyo bwa electrochemicique burashobora kubabarirana, nubwo imitwaro iremereye kurenza urugero izakomeza kubyara ubushyuhe bwimbere kandi byihuta kwambara.

Kinini - igipimo cyoherejwe, iri tandukaniro rifite akamaro mugihe cya sisitemu. A.ubucuruzi ninganda BESS kwishyirirahogukora amafaranga ya buri munsi - gusohora kwizuba ryo kogosha bigomba kwemeza ko icyiciro cyo kwishyuza (akenshi mugihe cyo kubyara izuba rya sasita cyangwa hanze - amasaha yo hejuru ya gride) hamwe nicyiciro cyo gusohora (mugihe cyo gukenera nimugoroba) bibaho mumipaka yubushyuhe. Ubwenge bwa EMS bwubwenge buhuza na BMS kugirango bategure ibikorwa murizo mbogamizi mu buryo bwikora - ariko ibyuma byo gucunga amashyuza bigomba kuba bihari kugirango bibashyigikire.

Impamvu imicungire yubushyuhe itari - Ikiganiro kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu

Ubushyuhe ntabwo ari undi murongo gusa kurupapuro rwihariye. Nibintu bimwe byingenzi byo hanze byerekana igihe sisitemu yawe imara, uko ikora neza, nagaciro kagaruka mubuzima bwayo. Baza integer ya BESS iyariyo yose mumyaka irenga mike. Inkuru zintambara hafi ya zose zirimo gucunga ubushyuhe.

Gucunga neza ubushyuhe bukora mubice. Ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa muri bateri yose itanga - igihe cyakagari hamwe namakuru ya module. BMS itunganya ayo makuru kandi igatera ubushyuhe mubihe bikonje cyangwa igakora ubukonje mugihe ibintu bishyushye. Uruzitiro ubwarwo rutanga umusanzu binyuze mu gushushanya, guteganya guhumeka, no kurinda umutekano bihuye n’ibidukikije.

Gukonjesha amazi byahindutse igipimo giciriritse na kinini - igipimo cya BESS yoherejwe. Itanga igenzura ryukuri ryubushyuhe, ikomeza ingirabuzimafatizo - kugeza - ingirabuzimafatizo (mubisanzwe muri dogere 2-33, kumibare yimikorere yubushyuhe yatangajwe nabayobozi bayobora BESS), kandi ikora imizigo yubushyuhe kuva hejuru -. Umuyaga - sisitemu ikonje iracyakora kubikoresho bito hamwe nibisabwa byamagare bitagabanije - ariko inganda zagiye zifata icyemezo cyo gukonjesha amazi kubintu byose biri hejuru ya 200 kWh.

Ubukungu burasobanutse. Dukurikije imibare yimikorere yakusanyirijwe hamwe nigipimo cyo kubika ingufu za Wood Mackenzie, ibikoresho bya LiFePO4 BESS bifite imicungire yubushyuhe bwateguwe neza byerekana ubushobozi buke buri munsi ya 5% nyuma yimyaka itanu yamagare ya buri munsi. Sisitemu icungwa nabi - gukonjesha bidahagije, nta pre - gushyushya, guhindagura ubushyuhe butagenzuwe - birashobora gutakaza 15% kugeza kuri 20% cyangwa birenga mugihe kimwe. Kuri abyinshi - megawatt - isaha ishoramari RYIZA, icyo cyuho kigereranya ibihumbi ijana byamadorari yatakaje agaciro mugihe cyumushinga ubuzima bwose.

Imyitozo myiza yo gucunga Ubushyuhe bwa Litiyumu

Nta na kimwe muri ibyo gisaba ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe. Birasaba gushushanya neza na disipuline ikora.

Shyiramo sisitemu ya batiri ahantu hagabanya kugabanya izuba ryinshi, ubushyuhe bukabije bwibidukikije, cyangwa ubukonje bukabije. Kubikorwa byo hanze, vuga uruzitiro rufite IP ikwiye hamwe nu micungire yubushyuhe - ntabwo ari inyongera - kuri, ariko nkigice cya sisitemu shingiro. Menya neza ko BMS ikubiyemo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - n'ubushyuhe buke - kugabanya ubushyuhe bukabije - guhagarika kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora mugihe ibintu bimeze nabi.

Kumwanya muremure - kubika, gumana bateri kuri 30% kugeza kuri 50% yumuriro mubushyuhe - ibidukikije bigenzurwa hagati ya dogere 10 na dogere 25. Ntukabike bateri zuzuye zuzuye mubihe bishyushye - iyo guhuza ninzira yihuta yo gusaza. Mugihe cyo gutwara, koresha ibikoresho bipfunyitse kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bukabije, cyane cyane kubyoherezwa byambukiranya uturere twinshi.

Mugihe usuzuma abatanga BESS, reba kera selile. Baza ibijyanye nubuyobozi bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, BMS ikurikirana ubushyuhe bwa BMS, igipimo cyubushyuhe bwo gukora kuri sisitemu yuzuye (ntabwo ari selile gusa), hamwe na garanti ijyanye no kubahiriza ubushyuhe. Utanga isokoiherezo - kugeza - inkunga yubuhangaharimo ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ubushyuhe bizatanga sisitemu ikora mubihe ibihe - ntabwo isa neza kumpapuro kandi itengushye muri Kanama.

Guhitamo Bateri Yukuri ya Climate

Sisitemu iboneye kumushinga wawe biterwa nigice aho igana nuburyo ibidukikije bisa nkumwaka - kuzenguruka. Ibikoresho mukarere gashyuha hamwe nibidukikije bihamye murugo bifite intera nini yo guhitamo. Imishinga mubushuhe bukabije cyangwa ubukonje bukabije bukenera sisitemu yakozwe muri ibyo bihe, hamwe nubuyobozi bukomeye bwumuriro hamwe na BMS yahinduwe kugirango ubushyuhe bugari.

Ubuhanga bwa LiFePO4 butanga urwego rwihariye mumutekano no kwihanganira ubushyuhe. Hamwe na firime igezweho yo gukonjesha, BMS ifite ubwenge, hamwe nuruzitiro rwiza, sisitemu ishingiye kuri LiFePO4 itanga imikorere ihamye mumabahasha yagutse.

Kubikorwa byubucuruzi ninganda, insimburangingo zingirakamaro, cyangwa izuba - wongeyeho - imishinga yo kubika ikenera umwaka wiringirwa - imikorere yuzuye, gucunga neza ubushyuhe ntabwo ari ukuzamura - nibyingenzi.Saba inama na Polinovelkuganira kubisubizo byo kubika ingufu zashizweho kubidukikije byihariye nibisabwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa