Ububiko bwa batiri ya Litiyumu ifata ingufu z'amashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi idasubirwaho hagati ya lithium - irimo cathode na karubone - ishingiye kuri anode, hamwe na ion ya lithium ihinduranya binyuze muri electrolyte mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Iyi nzira ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi imbaraga zishobora kubikwa, hanyuma igasubira mumashanyarazi mugihe bikenewe.
Urufatiro rw'amashanyarazi
Ubuhanga bwa chimie bubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium bushingiye kuri okiside - reaction yo kugabanuka iboneka kuri electrode ebyiri zashizwe mumuti wa electrolyte. Iyo bateri isohotse kugirango yongere imbaraga umutwaro, ioni ya lithium (Li +) yimuka ivuye muri electrode mbi binyuze muri electrolyte yamazi yerekeza kuri electrode nziza. Icyarimwe, electron zinyura mumuzunguruko wo hanze mucyerekezo kimwe, zitanga amashanyarazi.
Anode mubisanzwe igizwe na grafite, aho atome ya lithium ihuza - yinjizamo umubiri - hagati yububiko bwa atome ya karubone muburyo bugereranywa na LiC₆ (atom imwe ya lithium kuri atome esheshatu za karubone). Mugihe cyo gusohora, atome ya lithium ikorwa na okiside, igatakaza electron kugirango ikore neza lithium ion. Electron zidegembya zinyura mumuzunguruko wo hanze, zitanga imbaraga kubikoresho bihujwe cyangwa gride.
Kuri cathode, kugabanya reaction bibaho. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya cathode birimo lithium cobalt oxyde (LiCoO₂), fosifate ya lithium fer (LiFePO₄), cyangwa lithium nikel manganese cobalt oxyde (NMC). Iyo lithium ion igeze kuri cathode nyuma yo kunyura muri electrolyte, bemera electron zanyuze mumuzunguruko wo hanze, zirangiza reaction. Ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike hagati ya anode na cathode - byahujwe no kugenda kwa lithium ion - nibyo bibyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi dukoresha.
Electrolyte ikora nk'umuhanda wa ionic. Litiyumu nyinshi - bateri zikoresha lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) yashonga mumashanyarazi ya karubone. Ubu buryo bwamazi butuma lithium ion igenda yisanzuye hagati ya electrode mugihe ikumira amashanyarazi ataziguye yagufi - kuzenguruka bateri. Microporus itandukanya igabanya umubiri wa anode na cathode, ikemerera ion gutembera mugihe uhagarika inzira ya electron.
Amafaranga yishyurwa - Inzira yo gusohora
Igituma ingufu za batiri ya lithium zibika agaciro cyane ni ugusubira inyuma. Iyo uhujwe nisoko yingufu - imirasire yizuba, turbine yumuyaga, cyangwa umuyagankuba {{2} process inzira yose irahindukira. Liyiyumu ion yimuka isubira muri cathode yerekeza kuri anode, aho ibikwa nka grafite ya litiro. Electron zitemba mucyerekezo gitandukanye zinyuze mu muzunguruko, cyane cyane "gusunika" ingufu muri bateri.
Ubu bushobozi bwibice byombi niyo mpamvu sisitemu nziza cyane mububiko bwa gride. Mugihe cyibisekuru byinshi bishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa amashanyarazi make, bateri zishiramo imbaraga zirenze. Iyo ibisabwa bihanitse cyangwa ibisohoka bishobora kugabanuka, inzira yo gusohora irekura ingufu zabitswe gusubira kuri gride. Umuzenguruko urashobora gusubiramo inshuro ibihumbi - litiro ya kijyambere - bateri ion zigera ku 2000 kugeza 5.000 zuzuye zuzuye - zisohora mbere yo kwangirika kwinshi.
Imikorere yuru ruzinduko - inzira yingendo (ingufu zagabanijwe nimbaraga muri) mubisanzwe igera kuri 85% kuri gride - sisitemu yubunini. Icyo gihombo cya 15% kigaragara nkubushyuhe, niyo mpamvu imicungire yubushyuhe iba ingirakamaro mubikorwa binini. Ingufu zimwe byanze bikunze zishira mugihe cyo guhindura imiti no gutwara ion binyuze muri electrolyte.
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri
Nta sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za litiro ikora idafite igenzura ryubwenge. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikurikirana ibipimo byinshi mubihe nyabyo - igihe: voltage ya selile kugiti cye, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wubu, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza. Uku kugenzura kurinda ibintu bishobora kwangiza bateri cyangwa guteza umutekano muke.
Kurenza urugero byerekana impungenge zibanze. Niba ingufu nyinshi zitembera muri bateri yuzuye, ioni ya lithium irenze ntahantu na hamwe ishobora guhurira, birashobora gutera litiyumu - metallic lithium yibitse hejuru ya anode aho gushyiramo hagati ya grafite. Ibyo kubitsa birashobora gukora dendrite, urushinge ruto - nkuburyo bushobora gutobora gutandukanya kandi bigufi - kuzenguruka bateri, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwumuriro.
BMS kandi icunga kuringaniza selile. Muri paki ya bateri irimo amajana cyangwa ibihumbi selile yihariye ihujwe murukurikirane hamwe nuburinganire, itandukaniro rito mubushobozi no kurwanya imbere byanze bikunze. Hatabayeho gutabarwa, selile zimwe zariyongereye mugihe izindi zishyurwa muri buri cyiciro, byihuta. BMS iringaniza urwego rwo kwishyuza muri selile zose, ikongerera igihe imikorere ya sisitemu.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe nubundi buryo bukomeye. Litiyumu - bateri ya ion ikora neza hagati ya dogere 15 na dogere 35. Munsi ya dogere 0, ibyago byo gufata lithium byiyongera cyane kuko ion igenda muri electrolyte igabanuka. Hejuru ya dogere 45, uruhande rutifuzwa rwihuta, rukoresha lithium ikora kandi igabanya ibice bya electrolyte. Sisitemu nini yo kubika ingufu za batiri zirimo sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi, kuzenguruka ikirere, cyangwa icyiciro - guhindura ibikoresho kugirango ibungabunge ubushyuhe bwiza.
Kuva muri selile kugeza kuri sisitemu
Kumva uburyo selile imwe ya bateri ikora imurika igice cyishusho gusa. Grid - igipimo cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za litiro ya lithium ikusanya ingirabuzimafatizo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi muri module, igahuza ibice, ikuzuza ibicuruzwa - ibikoresho -. Akamaro - kwishyiriraho igipimo gishobora kuba kirimo ibintu byinshi.
Sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu (PCS) ihuza bateri umurongo wa mashanyarazi. Kubera ko bateri ikora kumuyoboro utaziguye (DC) mugihe gride ikoresha insimburangingo (AC), inverter ihindura ingufu hagati yuburyo. Inverter zigezweho nazo zitanga serivise ya gride irenze kwishyurwa no gusohora - barashobora gutera cyangwa gukuramo imbaraga zidasanzwe kugirango bagabanye voltage, bahindure umusaruro wabo kugirango bahindure umurongo wa gride, kandi basubize imvururu za gride muri milisegonda.
Californiya yashyizeho 7.3 GW yububiko bwo kubika bateri muri 2024, cyane cyane ikoresha lithium - tekinoroji. Texas yongeyeho 3.2 GW. Sisitemu ntabwo ibika gusa ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa nyuma; basimbuza gaze gasanzwe "peaker" yatangaga ingufu zokugarura mugihe kinini -. Sisitemu ya bateri yamasaha 4 irashobora gusohora ingufu zuzuye mugihe cyamasaha ane mbere yo kugabanuka, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa mugihe cyo gukenera nimugoroba mugihe izuba ryagabanutse ariko gukoresha amashanyarazi bikomeza kuba hejuru.
Ibikoresho bya Chimie Bitandukanye
Ntabwo lithium zose - bateri zikoresha chemisties imwe. Ibikoresho byihariye bya cathode bigena imikorere yingenzi iranga imikorere. Batteri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate (LFP) yiganje cyane mububiko buhagaze, ifata 80% yubushakashatsi bushya mu 2023. LFP itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zumuriro ugereranije na nikel - cobalt cathodes - ntabwo ikunda guhura nubushyuhe bwumuriro - kandi igera kubuzima bwigihe kirekire, akenshi ikarenga 5000.
Ubucuruzi ni ubwinshi bwingufu. LFP ibika hafi 160 Wh / kg kurwego rwakagari, ugereranije na 200-300 Wh / kg kuri chimisties ya NMC. Ibi bifite akamaro kanini kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi aho uburemere nubunini bigabanijwe, ariko ahanini ntaho bihuriye no kubika gride aho umwanya wumubiri ari mwinshi numutekano, kuramba, nigiciro gifata umwanya wambere.
Nickel - cathodes ikungahaye itanga ingufu zingana kandi zikundwa kubisabwa bisaba ububiko ntarengwa mumwanya muto. Nyamara, zihenze cyane kubera cobalt na nikel, kandi zirasaba gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Cathode ihwanye na 30% yikiguzi cya bateri yose, guhitamo ibikoresho rero bigira ingaruka cyane mubukungu bwumushinga.
Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kubindi bikoresho bya anode. Silicon irashobora kubika lithium inshuro icumi kurenza grafite kuri buri buremere, ariko irabyimba cyane mugihe cya lithiation, itera guhangayika kumashini ivuna electrode nyuma yizunguruka. Uburyo bugezweho buvanga bike bya silicon hamwe na grafite, bigenda byongera ubushobozi mugihe ukemura ikibazo cyo kwaguka. Litiyumu titanate anode itanga umutekano udasanzwe kandi irashobora kwishyurwa byihuse, ariko imbaraga zayo nkeya hamwe no kugabanura ibiciro.
Gutesha agaciro imikorere no kubaho
Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka buhoro buhoro ukoresheje. Buri giciro - gusohora cycle itwara akantu gato ka lithium ikora binyuze muburyo budasubirwaho. Ikomeye - electrolyte interfease (SEI) - urwego rukingira rukora hejuru ya anode - rukomeza gukura, rukoresha ioni ya lithium. Ibikoresho bya Cathode bigenda byangirika buhoro buhoro, birekura ibyuma bya ion bimukira kuri anode aho bishobora guhagarika reaction zidakenewe.
Igipimo cyubushobozi kigabanuka biterwa cyane nuburyo imikorere ikora. Batteri yazengurukaga hagati ya 20% na 80% yubushobozi bugabanuka gahoro gahoro kurenza izisanzwe zishyurwa 100% hanyuma zisohoka kuri 0%. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihutisha kwangirika ku buryo bugaragara - ikora kuri dogere 45 na dogere 25 irashobora kugabanya kabiri ubuzima bwakoreshwa. Igipimo kinini cyo kwishyuza no gusohora (C - igipimo) nacyo cyongera kwambara, nubwo selile zigezweho zifata igipimo cya 1C (kwishyurwa byuzuye cyangwa gusohora mumasaha imwe) neza.
Sisitemu - sisitemu yubunini isanzwe isezera bateri iyo ubushobozi bugabanutse kuri 70 - 80% byumwimerere. Ariko bateri ntabwo zifite agaciro muri iki gihe. Isoko ryiyongera "ubuzima bwa kabiri" risubiramo bateri yimodoka kububiko buhagaze. Bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi ikukurutse, ntigikenewe kubikorwa bisabwa kugirango ubwikorezi bushoboke, birashobora kumara imyaka myinshi mubisabwa bidakenewe. Iyi mikoreshereze ya caskade itezimbere ubukungu bwubuzima muri rusange hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium.
Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Litiyumu ntabwo ikora mu bwigunge. Bahuza nibisekuru bishobora kuvugururwa, amashanyarazi asanzwe, ibikorwa remezo byohereza, nisoko ryamashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba ihujwe nububiko bwa batiri irashobora gutanga ubushobozi buhamye - amashanyarazi yizewe mumasaha yihariye - aho kuba ibihe bigenda bisimburana biterwa nikirere. Ibi bihindura izuba kuva ikirere - umutungo ushingiye mubintu byegereye uruganda rukora amashanyarazi.
Byihuta - gukura gusaba ni kugenzura inshuro. Imashanyarazi igomba gukomeza inshuro zuzuye (60 Hz muri Amerika ya Ruguru, 50 Hz mu tundi turere twinshi) mu guhora duhuza ibisekuruza n'imizigo. Iyo ibyifuzo byiyongereye gitunguranye, inshuro zigabanuka; iyo ibisekuru birenze ibisabwa, inshuro zirazamuka. Ubusanzwe, amashanyarazi manini yumuriro yahinduye umusaruro kugirango akosore ubusumbane. Sisitemu ya bateri irashobora gusubiza muri milisegonda aho kuba iminota, itanga amabwiriza yo hejuru yumurongo ukoresheje ubushobozi buke cyane.
Igihe - guhinduranya byerekana ikindi gikorwa gikomeye. Ku masoko afite igihe - ya - koresha ibiciro byamashanyarazi, bateri yishyuza mugihe ibiciro biri hasi (mubisanzwe mumasaha yibisekuru byinshi bishobora kuvugururwa) no gusohora mugihe ibiciro biri hejuru. Kaliforuniya ihora itanga ingufu zizuba zirenga mugihe cya sasita - rimwe na rimwe zitanga ibirenze ibyo gride ishobora gukoresha. Sisitemu yo kubika ikuramo ibirenze, hanyuma ikarekura mumasaha ya nimugoroba iyo izuba rimaze kugabanuka ariko ibyifuzo bikomeza kuba hejuru.
Umutekano nubushyuhe bwo guhunga
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro - a - kwihutisha urunigi aho kubyara ubushyuhe burenze ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe - byerekana impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano mukubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium. Bimaze gutangizwa, ubushyuhe bwimbere bushobora kurenga dogere 800, kurekura imyuka yaka kandi bishobora guteza inkongi.
Imbarutso irashobora kuba imbere cyangwa hanze. Imirongo migufi yimbere ishobora guturuka kumikorere ya dendrite, kunanirwa gutandukanya, cyangwa gukora inenge. Ibintu byo hanze birimo kwangirika kumubiri, kurenza urugero, cyangwa guhura nubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo selile imwe yinjiye mumashanyarazi, ubushyuhe burashobora gukwirakwira muri selile zegeranye, birashoboka ko byanyura mumasomo yose cyangwa rack.
Sisitemu yumutekano igezweho ikoresha ibice byinshi byo kwirwanaho. Kurwego rwakagari, abatandukanya bakoresha ibikoresho bya ceramic - bifunze bifunga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikabuza gutwara ion. Kurwego rwa module, umuriro - inzitizi zidashobora kwihanganira no guhagarika ubushyuhe birinda gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hagati ya selile. Sisitemu - kurinda urwego harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kumva, guhagarika mu buryo bwikora module idakwiye, hamwe na sisitemu yihariye yo kuzimya umuriro.
Ibyabaye ku muriro byagabanutse cyane uko ikoranabuhanga rikuze. Igipimo cyibikorwa byingenzi byo kubika bateri cyaragabanutse mu 2024 ugereranije n’imyaka yashize, hamwe n’ibintu bitanu gusa byabaye ku isi. Kwishyiriraho hakiri kare byakoreshaga nikel - manganese - chimisties ya cobalt muburyo butagaragaza neza imicungire yubushyuhe. Imishinga yiki gihe ahanini ikoresha chimie ya LFP hamwe na modular, neza - ibishushanyo bihumeka bigabanya cyane ibyago byumuriro.
Mutarama 2025 inkongi y'umuriro muri Californiya ya Moss Landing - yatumye abantu 1200 bahungisha abaturage - harimo na sisitemu ishaje. Amategeko agenga umutekano agezweho, cyane cyane NFPA 855 yemejwe mu nkiko nyinshi, gutegeka umwanya uri hagati ya batiri, guhumeka neza, hamwe na sisitemu zo kubitsa zagenewe gukumira umuriro. Ibipimo bikomeza guhinduka nkuko inganda zikusanya uburambe mubikorwa.
Imikorere y'Ubukungu
Litiyumu ya batiri yingufu zo kubika yagabanutse neza. Igiciro cyamanutse kiva ku $ 1,400 kuri kilowatt - mu mwaka wa 2010 kigera ku madolari 139 / kWt mu 2023, hateganijwe ko izagabanuka 40% muri 2030. Iri gabanuka rikabije ry’ibiciro - mu byihuta cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu - biva mu bukungu bw’ibipimo, kuzamura umusaruro, no guhatana gukomeye mu bakora.
Ubushinwa bwiganjemo umusaruro ku isi, bukora hafi 70% ya batiri ya litiro - ion yinjira ku isoko. Urwego ruhuza imiyoboro ihanitse, kuva mu bucukuzi bwa lithiyumu no kuyitunganya binyuze mu ngirabuzimafatizo no guhuza sisitemu, bitanga inyungu zikomeye. Ukuboza 2024 mu Bushinwa gupiganira bateri hiyongereyeho sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi wagereranije $ 66 / kWt, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyikigereranyo cyisi yose mugihe usibye kwishyiriraho no guhuza imiyoboro.
Igiciro kiringaniye cyo kubika (LCOS) - byose - mubiciro kuri kilowatt - isaha yingufu zitangwa mugihe cya sisitemu ubuzima - biratandukana kubisabwa hamwe n’ahantu. Sisitemu ya Litiyumu - ion ubu irushanwa mubukungu hamwe ninganda zisanzwe za gaze ya gazi mugihe cyamasaha 4-8. Igihe kirekire kiba ingorabahizi; isano iri hagati yubushobozi bwo kubika nigiciro bisobanura sisitemu yamasaha 10 igura hafi inshuro 2,5 sisitemu yamasaha 4 mugihe amahirwe yinyongera ashobora kutagereranywa.
Ukuri kwubukungu gusobanura impamvu ibyinshi mububiko bwa gride bukoresha sisitemu yo kumara amasaha 2 - 4. Impuzandengo y'igihe yiyongereye kuva ku masaha 1.8 muri 2020 igera ku masaha 2.4 muri 2024, ariko kugeza igihe 10+ igihe cyamasaha bisaba ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Bateri zitemba, ububiko bwo mu kirere bwafunzwe, cyangwa hydrogène y'icyatsi bibahenze cyane - bigira ingaruka nziza mugihe kirekire, nubwo lithium-ion ikomeje kuzamura ubukungu bwayo mugihe cyamasaha 8-10.
Gukura kw'isoko hamwe n'inzira z'ejo hazaza
Kohereza ingufu za batiri kwisi yose yageze kuri 160 GW yububasha bwo guteranya mumwaka wa 2024, hamwe na 72 GW yongeyeho muri uwo mwaka wonyine - byerekana hejuru ya 45% yububiko rusange. Ubushinwa bwayoboye hamwe na GW 36 z'ubushobozi bushya, bukurikirwa na Amerika ifite 13 GW n'Uburayi hamwe na 10 GW. Iri terambere riturika ryerekana kugabanuka kw'ibiciro, politiki yo gushyigikira, no kongera ingufu zishobora kwinjizwa bisaba kubika imiyoboro ihamye.
Biteganijwe ko isoko rizava kuri miliyari 13.7 z'amadolari muri 2024 rikagera kuri miliyari 43.4 z'amadolari muri 2030, rikazamuka kuri 21% buri mwaka. Inkunga ya politiki yihutisha iyakirwa - Ibihugu cumi na bibiri byo muri Amerika byashyizeho intego yo kubika ingufu, kandi manda zisa nazo zirahari ku isi. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi watanze umusoro ku nyongeragaciro wa 20% muri sisitemu yo kubika batiri mu 2023, mu gihe Ubushinwa butanga inkunga nini ya gride -.
Litiyumu - ion irashobora gukomeza kuganza muri 2030 kubisabwa byinshi, ariko ubundi biragaragara. Sodium - bateri ya ion, ukoresheje sodium nyinshi mu mwanya wa lithium, irashobora gufata 10% by isoko ryo kubika ingufu bitarenze 2030, cyane cyane kubisabwa aho ingufu nke zemewe. Izi bateri zigura hafi 30% ugereranije na lithium fer fosifate ihwanye kandi ikuraho gushingira kumurongo wa lithium ugenda ugabanuka.
Bateri zikomeye - bateri ya leta yerekana impinduramatwara ndende -. Mugusimbuza electrolytike yamazi nuyoboro ukomeye wa ionic, basezeranya ingufu nyinshi (zishobora kurenga 400 Wh / kg), umutekano muke bitewe na electrolytite zitari - zaka umuriro, nubuzima burebure. Abakora ibinyabiziga bikomeye batangaje gahunda yo kwamamaza mu mpera za 2020, kandi ububiko bwo guhagarara buhagaze. Ariko, gukora bateri zikomeye - za leta mubipimo kandi ibiciro byemewe ntibikemutse.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nigute sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium ugereranije nubundi buhanga bwo kubika?
Sisitemu ya Litiyumu - ion igera kuri 85% kuzenguruka - gukora neza nkurugendo nkibikorwa byingirakamaro - kwishyiriraho ibipimo, birenze ubundi buryo. Ububiko bwa hydroelectric bubikwa buva kuri 70 - 80% neza, ububiko bwikirere bugabanijwe bugera kuri 42-55%, naho bateri zitemba zisanzwe zitanga 60-80%. Gusa sisitemu yo kubika imashini nka flawheels ihuye cyangwa irenga lithium-ion ikora neza, ariko igarukira kumwanya muto wo gusohora muminota kuruta amasaha.
Niki gitera ubushobozi bwa batiri ya lithium kugabanuka mugihe runaka?
Uburyo bwinshi bugira uruhare mubushobozi bwo kugabanuka. Igikomeye - electrolyte interphase layer kuri anode idahwema gukura, ikoresha ioni ya lithium mubitekerezo. Ibikoresho bya Cathode bigenda byangirika buhoro buhoro, birekura ibyuma bya ion bimukira kuri anode kandi bigatera kwangirika kwinshi. Imashanyarazi ya electrolyte isenyuka munsi yumuriro wamashanyarazi, ikora ububiko bwimitsi hejuru ya electrode. Gukorera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwishyurwa byuzuye, cyangwa kwishyurwa byihuse {{5} rates igipimo cyo gusohora byihutisha ibyo byose.
Batteri ya lithium irashobora guturika, kandi ibi birindwa gute?
Guhunga ubushyuhe birashobora gutera inkongi yumuriro nibishobora guturika mugihe imyuka ya batiri yaka ahantu hafunzwe, nubwo ibi ari gake cyane hamwe nuburyo bukwiye. Sisitemu zigezweho zirinda ibi binyuze muburinzi bwinshi: ceramic - itandukanya itwikiriye ifunga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, inzitizi zubushyuhe hagati yutugari, kugenzura ubushyuhe bukabije, guhagarika modoka byikora, sisitemu yihariye yo kuzimya umuriro, hamwe no guhitamo chimie selile (chimie LFP ikoreshwa mububiko bwa gride ihagaze neza cyane kuruta ubundi buryo).
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Lithium imara igihe kingana iki?
Imiyoboro - igipimo cya lithium - ion zisanzwe zikora imyaka 10 - 15 mbere yo gusaba gusimbuza bateri, kugera ku 2000 - 5000 byuzuye byuzuye - gusohora bitewe na chimie nuburyo bukora. Batteri ya LFP muri rusange imara igihe kinini kuruta NMC. Sisitemu y'ibikorwa remezo-inverter, sisitemu yo kugenzura, amazu-akenshi imara imyaka 20-25, yemerera gusimbuza bateri itongeye kubaka ibyashizweho byose. Imikorere ikora igira ingaruka cyane mubuzima; kugabanya amafaranga ari hagati ya 20-80% aho kuba 0-100% birashobora gukuba kabiri ubuzima bwikurikiranya.
Ingano nini
Uburyo bukora bwo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium - lithium ion zihinduranya hagati ya electrode mugihe electron zinyura mumuzunguruko wo hanze - zabaye umusingi wimpinduka zingufu. Izi sisitemu ntizibyara amashanyarazi, ariko ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukuramo igihe cyibisekuruza biva mubikoresha bituma amasoko yingufu zishobora gutanga ingufu zizewe nubwo imiterere yigihe kimwe.
Abakoresha amashanyarazi bagenda babona ububiko bwa batiri nkubuhanga bushya ariko nkibikorwa remezo byingenzi. Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru y’ingufu muri Amerika giteganya ubushobozi bwa batiri izarenza iy'ibikomoka kuri peteroli - bitwaje amashanyarazi mu 2025. Iri hinduka riva mu bisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima - rishingiye ku gisekuru cyoherezwa ku gisekuru gishobora kuvugururwa hiyongereyeho ububiko ryerekana ivugurura ry’ibanze ry’imashanyarazi ikora.
Ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere byihuse. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku kongera ingufu, kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura umutekano, no guteza imbere ibikoresho birambye. Kugera kuri terawatt - igipimo cyububiko gikenewe kuri gride ya karuboni cyane - igereranya ryerekana ko 930 GW yo kubika Amerika yonyine muri 2050-bizakenera guhanga udushya mu bumenyi bwa siyansi, mu nganda, no guhuza sisitemu.
Hagati aho, reaction ya electrochemicique igaragara muri miriyoni ya selile ya batiri kwisi yose, itagaragara kubakoresha ariko ikora ubudahwema, igenda igena igihe amatara yacu aguma, inganda zacu zikora, nimbaraga zacu zishobora kutugeraho.