Ubukungu bwo guturaKwishyuzaBiterwa nimpinduka zikorana muburyo ababikora badakunze gusobanura. Imiterere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, kwishyuza ibikoresho byogukoresha neza, kugorana kwinshi, hamwe nibinyabiziga - igipimo cyihariye cyo kwishyurwa kwishyurwa byose hamwe kugirango bitange ikiguzi gifatika gitandukanya - rimwe na rimwe cyane - uhereye kubintu byoroshye "kugwiza kWt yawe ku gipimo cyawe" kubara byiganjemo abaguzi - guhangana nubuvanganzo. Aka gatabo gakemura ibyo byuho hamwe namakuru yakuwe muri dosiye zingirakamaro, ibipimo ngenderwaho bya DOE, hamwe nugupima imirima uhereye kumiturire ituye ahantu hatandukanye.
Umushinga w'amashanyarazi yawe urakubeshya (Sort Of)
Njye namaze amezi abiri nkurikirana ikiguzi cyanjye cyo kwishyuza mbere yuko menya ko numero kuri fagitire yingirakamaro ntacyo bivuze kugirango numve icyo imodoka yanjye yantwaye.
Dore ikibazo. Abakiriya benshi batuye muri Amerika bishyura ibiciro. 500 kWh yawe yambere ishobora kugura $ 0.08. 500 iri imbere igura $ 0.12. Ibintu byose hejuru ya 1.000 kWh ikoresha $ 0.18 cyangwa irenga. Noneho iyo umuntu abajije "igipimo cyamashanyarazi ni ikihe?" igisubizo cyinyangamugayo ni "biterwa nuko ejo umugore wanjye yayoboye AC."
Ongeraho EV murugo rumaze kuba murwego rwa kabiri cyangwa rwa gatatu bivuze ko buri kilo imwe washyize muri iyo modoka iza iwawemarginaligipimo - cyo hejuru uriha. Mugenzi we wo muri San Diego yavumbuye ko inzu ye "ihendutse" yishyuye amafaranga 0.42 / kWt kubera ko urwego rwo hejuru rwa SDG & E ari ubugome kandi pompe ye yari imaze kumusunika aho.
Igihe - cya - gukoresha (TOU) gahunda ihindura iyi mibare rwose. Munsi ya TOU, wishyura ibiciro bitandukanye ukurikije igihe ukoresha amashanyarazi. Igipimo cyo hejuru (mubisanzwe 4 - 9 PM) gishobora kugera kuri $ 0.35-0.55 / kWh muri Californiya. Off-peak (mubisanzwe 11 PM kugeza 6 AM) igabanuka $ 0.08-0.15. Amahirwe ya kamarampaka aragaragara: kwishyuza ijoro ryose, kwishyura kimwe cya gatatu cyamafaranga yishyurwa kumunsi.
Ariko - kandi ntamuntu numwe uvuga ibi - guhindura TOU bigira ingaruka kuri weweurugo rwose. Uwo mutwaro wo kumesa saa kumi n'imwe za mugitondo? Ubu bihenze inshuro eshatu. Gukaraba ibikoresho nyuma yo kurya? Kimwe. Narebye imiryango ihindura TOU kuri EV yabo ndangije kwishyurabyinshimuri rusange kuko batahinduye izindi ngeso zabo.
Kwimuka gukora mubyukuri: shaka metero itandukanye yo kwishyuza EV niba ibikorwa byawe biguha. Ikigereranyo cya PG & E - B igipimo, urugero, gitanga metero yabugenewe ku gipimo cya $ 0.22 / kWh utitaye ku gihe. Nta mikino, nta gahunda yo kumesa ihinduranya, nta gitangaza kirimo. Kwiyubaka ikoresha $ 200-400 binyuze muri utile. Birakwiye.
15% Ntamuntu Uvuga
Imodoka yawe yerekana ko wongeyeho 50 kWh. Imetero yawe y'amashanyarazi yanditseho 58 kWt. Ibindi 8 kWt byajya he?
Kwishyura igihombo. Nukuri, ntibishobora kwirindwa, kandi ni binini kuruta abantu benshi babitekereza.
Fizika: Imbaraga za AC ziva kurukuta rwawe zigomba guhinduka DC kugirango zishyure bateri. Ihinduka ritanga ubushyuhe. Batare ubwayo itanga ubushyuhe mugihe yemera kwishyurwa. Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi ikoresha abafana na pompe kugirango bayobore ubwo bushyuhe. Ibi byose bitwara amashanyarazi atigera agera kuri bateri yawe.
Igeragezwa rya Laboratwari ya Idaho ryasanze urwego rwa 2 rwo kwishyuza ruri hagati ya 85 - 94%, bitewe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ikirere gikonje nicyo cyica-kuri dogere 20 F, igihombo gishobora kurenga 20% kuko imodoka igomba gushyushya bateri kugirango yemere kwishyurwa neza. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye mugihe cya Minnesota Gashyantare ubwo "charge yuzuye" ijoro ryose yari 85% gusa kuko imodoka yamaze isaha imwe ishyushya paki mbere yuko yemera amashanyarazi.
Imodoka ya Tesla ikunda kugera ku ndunduro yo hejuru (90-94%) bitewe nubuyobozi bwiza bwumuriro. Ibibabi bya Nissan bishaje hamwe no gukonjesha byoroshye bicara kumpera yo hasi. Hafi ya EVS igezweho hafi 88-90% mubihe bituje.
Icyo ibi bivuze kumufuka wawe: niba amashanyarazi agura $ 0.12 / kWh kandi imikorere yimodoka yawe ni 88%, yaweingirakamaroigipimo ni $ 0.136 / kWt. Kuri bateri 75 kWh, ayo ni $ 1.20 yongeyeho amafaranga yose yuzuye. Umwaka urenga kwishyurwa bisanzwe, turavuga $ 150-200 mubihombo bitagaragara. Ntabwo ari ibyago, ariko ntakintu.
Imibare nyayo ituruka kubashoferi nyabo
Nakoze ubushakashatsi kuri 47 ba nyiri EV muri club ya ba nyirayo. Dore ibyo barimo kwishyura:
Kwishyuza urugo (kuzimya - impinga TOU):$ 0.03-0.05 kuri kilometero imwe. Impera yo hasi ni Model 3 nyirayo muri Nevada hamwe nigipimo cyiza cya NV. Impera ndende isanzwe kubikorwa bya Californiya.
Kwishyuza urugo (igipimo kiboneye):$ 0.04-0.08 kuri kilometero imwe. Intara yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati ifite amashanyarazi ahendutse yiganje kumpera yo hasi. Amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba hamwe nibikorwa byabo bya gride ibikorwa remezo bisunika impera ndende.
Kwishyuza aho ukorera:$ 0.00 - 0.04 kuri kilometero imwe. Nibyo, kwishyurwa kumurimo wubusa birahari. Biragenda biba imbonekarimwe mugihe ibigo byamenye ibiciro byamashanyarazi, ariko ibigo byikoranabuhanga hamwe nabakoresha bamwe batekereza imbere baracyabitanga.
Amashanyarazi rusange ya DC:$ 0.12-0.25 kuri kilometero imwe. Aha niho bihenze. Amashanyarazi Amerika yishyura $ 0.43 / kWt kumasoko menshi. Urugendo rwo mumuhanda rushobora kugura byoroshye kuri kilometero kuruta imvange.
Inyuma yantangaje: nyirayo yishyuza gusa kuri sitasiyo ya ChargePoint kububiko bwe. Akunda ingendo zo guhaha kugirango ahure no kwishyuza, abona wenda ibirometero 15-20 kurugendo, akavuga ko amezi umunani atishyuye amashanyarazi mumodoka ye. Nibyo kwiyemeza kutitonda sinshobora guhuza.
Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Aho Imibare Igenda nabi
Amashanyarazi ubwayo ahendutse. Igice gikomeye 40-amp Urwego 2 rukoresha $ 400-600. Kwishyiriraho? Aho niho ibintu bigoye.
Naganiriye n’amashanyarazi ane mbere yuko mbona umwe udashaka kunyishyuza $ 1.800 yo kwishyiriraho "bisanzwe". Isoko ryatsindiye ryinjije amadorari 650, avuye kumusore wakoze 200+ EV charger yashizemo kandi azi neza icyo akora. Amasoko yatakaye yaturutse ku mashanyarazi rusange basanzwe bashakisha amakenga.
Ibintu byerekana ikiguzi:
- Ubushobozi bwikibaho.Iyi nini nini. Ikibaho 100-amp kimaze gukoreshwa hagati ya AC hagati, icyuma cyumuriro wamashanyarazi, hamwe nindi mizigo mike ya 240V ntishobora kuba ifite umwanya wumurongo wa 40 amp. Panel izamura amps 200 ikoresha $ 2000-4500 bitewe nibisabwa na komite yawe hamwe nigipimo cyakazi cyaho. Numvise inkuru ziteye ubwoba za $ 6, 000+ mumazu ashaje aho ubwinjiriro bwa serivisi bwose bukeneye gusimburwa.
- Intera kuva kumwanya kugeza kuri charger.Ikirenge cyose cyinsinga kongeramo ikiguzi. Kwiruka metero 25 byatwaye amadorari 150 mubikoresho. Kwiruka metero 100 kuri garage itandukanye? Inshuro eshatu ibyo, wongeyeho umurimo wo gutobora cyangwa gukoresha umuyoboro.
- Uruhushya.Inkiko zimwe zisaba ibyemezo nubugenzuzi kumashanyarazi mashya 240V. Abandi ntibabikora. Uruhushya ubwarwo ni $ 50-150, ariko gahunda yo kugenzura irashobora kongera ibyumweru mugihe cyawe.
- Ibikorwa remezo biriho.Kubona 240V isohoka hafi ya parikingi yawe yamaze - ahari gusudira cyangwa igituba gishaje? Urashobora gushobora gucomeka gusa muri EVSE igendanwa hanyuma ugasimbuka kwishyiriraho burundu. Nzi umuntu ukoresha Tesla Mobile Connector kumurongo wumye. Ikora neza.
Amayeri amwe adasanzwe yakijije umuturanyi wanjye $ 800: yashyizeho charger ubwe (ni ugushiraho agasanduku no guhuza insinga eshatu) kandi afite umuyagankuba gukora gusa panel akoresha umugozi. Abanyamashanyarazi bishyuza premium "yuzuye" nubwo kumanika EVSE bifata iminota icumi.
Igihe cyo Kwishura: Kubara Umuntu wese abona nabi
Nabonye abunganira EV bavuga ko charger yo murugo "yishyura mu mezi atandatu." Nabonye abakekeranya bavuga ko "bitigera byumvikana mubukungu." Bombi bakora imibare nabi.
Kugereranya neza ntabwo "kwishyuza urugo na lisansi." Ni "kwishyuza urugo nibindi byose waba ukora ukundi." Niba wishyuza kumurimo wubusa aho ukorera, charger yo murugo ni ikiguzi cyiza. Niba ukoresha $ 0.43 / kWh amashanyarazi ya Amerika, charger yo murugo irishura hafi ako kanya.
Ibiharuro byanjye bwite, kubera ko abantu bahora babaza:
Igiciro cyo kwishyuza: $ 500 (Grizzl - E, bigoye)
Kwinjiza: $ 650 (yabonye amagambo meza)
Ishoramari ryose: $ 1,150
Gutwara buri mwaka: ~ kilometero 12,000. Imikorere yimodoka: kilometero 3,5 / kWt. Nibyo 3,430 kWt / umwaka.
Igiciro cyo kwishyuza murugo: $ 0.11 / kWh × 3, 430=$ 377 / umwaka
Amafaranga yishyurwa rusange: $ 0.35 / kWh × 3, 430=$ 1,200 / umwaka
Kuzigama buri mwaka: $ 823. Kwishura: imyaka 1.4.
Noneho gereranya na lisansi. Imodoka yanjye ishaje yabonye 32 mpg. Ku $ 3.50 / gallon, ibirometero 12,000 bigura $ 1,312. EV ku giciro cyo murugo igura $ 377. Ayo ni $ 935 / mwaka mu kuzigama lisansi - ariko gushiraho "kwishyura" biratangaje kuko ugereranije no kugura ibinyabiziga, ntabwo bisaba ibisubizo gusa.
Igisubizo cyinyangamugayo: niba utwaye ibirometero bihagije kandi ufite igipimo cyamashanyarazi gishyize mu gaciro, kwishyuza urugo birumvikana cyane mubukungu ugereranije nubundi buryo. Niba utwaye ibirometero 5.000 kumwaka kandi ukaba ushobora kubona amafaranga yubusa ahandi, urugo ntirushobora kwishyura.
Ibihe Bitandukanye nibindi Birababaje
Ntamuntu wigeze amburira ko fagitire y'amashanyarazi yanjye izasimbuka 40% nubwo natwaraga ibirometero bimwe.
Ibintu bitatu bihurira mugihe cyubukonje. Ubwa mbere, imikorere ya bateri yagabanutse - lithium - ion chimie gusa ntabwo ikora neza munsi ya dogere 40 F. Impeshyi yanjye ya 4.0 mi / kWh ihinduka 2.8 mi / kWt bitarenze Mutarama. Icya kabiri, gushyushya kabine muri EV ni umutwaro w'amashanyarazi, ntabwo guta ubushyuhe buturuka kuri moteri. Gukoresha umushyushya guturika byuzuye birashobora kugabanya intera kuri 25-35%. Icya gatatu, igihombo cyo kwishyuza cyiyongera kuko imodoka igomba gushyushya bateri mbere yo kwakira amafaranga.
Imibare mubikorwa: Kanama amashanyarazi yaguze imodoka yari hafi $ 28. Mutarama yari $ 52. Ingendo imwe, uburyo bumwe bwo gutwara, imodoka imwe. Gusa physics ikora kundwanya.
Impeshyi ifite ibihano byayo mubihe bishyushye. Umutwaro wa AC ntabwo ari ubugome kuruta gushyushya, ariko ntabwo ari ubuntu. Niba kandi uhagaritse izuba ritaziguye, imicungire yumuriro wa bateri ikora nubwo imodoka yicaye, ikuramo buhoro buhoro (kandi igutwara amafaranga ugomba gusimbuza).
Ibisabwa mbere bifasha. Imashini nyinshi za EV zemerera gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha imodoka mugihe ugicomeka, ingufu rero ziva muri gride aho kuba bateri. Ibi birinda urwego rwo gutwara. Nagize akamenyero ko gukurura ibi kuva muri porogaramu iminota 15 mbere yuko ngenda mugitondo gikonje.
Icyo nabwira inshuti
Umuntu ku kazi yaguze Hyundai Ioniq 6 ansaba inama zo kwishyuza. Dore hafi ibyo navuze:
Ntukihutire kwishyiriraho urugo. Baho hamwe na charger ya 120V yamashanyarazi ukwezi. Reba uko uburyo bwawe bwo gutwara bukora. Urashobora gusanga ijoro ryose urwego rwa 1 kwishyuza birahagije mubyo ukeneye - abantu benshi batwara ibirometero 30-40 kumunsi bakora neza, kandi umaze kuzigama $ 1, 000+.
Niba ukeneye urwego rwa 2, shaka amagambo atatu byibuze. Itandukaniro mubiciro byamashanyarazi ibiciro ntibisobanutse. Baza kandi akamaro kawe kubijyanye ninyungu zose - benshi batanga $ 500-1,000 mugushiraho EVSE abantu basiga kumeza kuko batazi kubaza.
Reba uburyo bwo guhitamo amashanyarazimbereutangira kwishyuza buri gihe. Itandukaniro riri hagati yikigero gisanzwe cyo guturamo na EV - igipimo cyiza cya TOU gishobora kuba $ 50 / ukwezi. Ariko ugomba guhita usaba ihinduka ryibiciro - ibikorwa ntibishobora kuguhindura byikora.
Hunga WiFi - ishoboza charger keretse ukeneye rwose kwishyurwa byateganijwe kubiciro bya TOU. Ibiranga "ubwenge" ahanini ni gimmicks. Amashanyarazi 400 $ atavuga muri Grizzl - E cyangwa Lectron azagukorera kimwe nigice cya $ 800 gihujwe kubibazo byinshi bikoreshwa.
Hanyuma kandi: ntugahangayikishwe no guhitamo amafaranga yose yanyuma. Nibyo, kwishyuza 11 PM aho kuba 8 PM bizigama amafaranga kubiciro bya TOU. Ariko niba wibagiwe rimwe na rimwe ukishyuza hejuru, ntabwo uzahomba. Ubukungu muri rusange kwishyuza EV nibyiza cyane ugereranije na lisansi kuburyo gutunganirwa bidasabwa. Kwishyuza igihe byoroshye. Kwishura make rimwe na rimwe. Nibyiza.
Umurongo wo hasi, kubera ko nzi ko aricyo uzunguruka:ba nyiri EV benshi bafite amazu yishyura bishyura $ 0.03-0.06 kuri kilometero mumashanyarazi. Nicyo cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cyigiciro cya lisansi. Kwinjiza nibikoresho bikoresha $ 800-2500 ukurikije uko amashanyarazi yawe ameze. Kwishura bifata imyaka 1-3 kubashoferi basanzwe. Nyuma yibyo, urimo kuzigama amafaranga buri kilometero imwe.
Imibare irakora. Ntabwo ari hafi, mubyukuri. Ingorabahizi iri muburyo burambuye - igenamigambi ryibiciro, niyihe charger, iyishyiraho - ariko ubukungu bwibanze bushyigikira urugo EV kwishyuza amafaranga menshi kubantu bose batwara ibirometero birenga 8000 buri mwaka.
Nibihendutse nkuko bamwe bunganira babivuga? Oya, iyo umaze kubara igihombo cyiza nuburyo bugaragara. Birahenze kuruta abakekeranya bavuga? Oya. Ukuri kurikabije kurambirwa: bihendutse cyane kuruta lisansi, bivuze ko bihendutse kuruta kwishyuza rubanda, kandi ishoramari ryambere rirumvikana. Ntabwo ari umwanzuro wigitsina, ariko nukuri.