Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha ingufu zihuza binyuze muburyo bwinshi bwububiko buhuza imirongo ya Photovoltaque hamwe nububiko bwa batiri. Ububiko bushobora kuba co - buherereye hamwe na sisitemu yizuba cyangwa guhagarara wenyine, bifasha kwinjiza neza izuba mubutaka bwingufu. Kwishyira hamwe bibaho ahantu hatandukanye - Guhuza AC, guhuza DC, cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera - buri kimwe gitanga imyirondoro itandukanye hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora.
Nigute Solar - Kwinjiza Ububiko Bikora
Kwishyira hamwe bibaho binyuze mumashanyarazi no kuyobora sisitemu ihuza ingufu zituruka kumirasire yizuba, bateri, inverter, hamwe numuyoboro wamashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba ifata amashanyarazi, ikabika nk'ubundi buryo bw'ingufu (imiti, ubushyuhe, ubukanishi), hanyuma ikarekura kugirango ikoreshwe igihe bikenewe.
Ikibazo cyibanze sisitemu yizuba ihura nacyo nigihe kidahuye. Imirasire y'izuba ntabwo buri gihe ikorwa mugihe ingufu zikenewe cyane - ikoreshwa ryingufu zikunze kugaragara mugihe cyizuba nyuma ya saa sita nimugoroba, mugihe ingufu z'izuba zigabanuka. Ububiko bukemura iki cyuho mugutwara ibisekuru birenze kumanywa yo gukoresha nimugoroba.
Uburyo butatu bwibanze bwo kwishyira hamwe burahari:
AC - Sisitemu zifatanijeguhuza imirasire y'izuba na bateri unyuze muri inverter zitandukanye zifatanije na bisi ya AC. Imirasire y'izuba ihindura DC kuri AC ikoresheje inverter zabo, hanyuma inverter ya kabiri ihindura iyo AC igasubira muri DC kugirango ibike bateri. Muri sisitemu ya AC -, amashanyarazi abitswe muri bateri agomba guhindurwa inshuro eshatu mbere yo kuyakoresha. Ubu bwubatsi buhebuje bwo guhindura ububiko bwizuba buriho.
DC - Sisitemu zifatanijeHuza imirasire yizuba hamwe na bateri na inverter isangiwe mbere yuko AC ihinduka. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishyurwa bitaziguye na DC isohora imbaraga ziva muri modul ya PV, kandi PV array hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ntibisaba DC guhinduka AC. Imbaraga zihindura rimwe gusa - kuva DC kugeza AC mugihe utanga imizigo - kugera ku gipimo cyo gukora neza hafi 98% ugereranije na 90-94% kuri sisitemu ya AC.
Ibikoresho bya Hybridkomatanya ibintu byuburyo bwombi, bitanga imikorere ihindagurika kubikorwa bigoye. Sisitemu irashobora guhinduka hagati yuburyo bwo guhuza bushingiye kubikorwa bisabwa, nubwo byongera sisitemu igoye.
Kwishyira hamwe Kwubaka Icyemezo Matrix
Guhitamo hagati ya AC na DC guhuza ntabwo bishakiye - biva mubiranga umushinga nibikorwa byihutirwa.
Iyo AC Coupling Yumvikana
AC - kwishyira hamwe bigenga ibintu bitatu. Ubwa mbere, retrofit porogaramu aho izuba rimaze kubaho. Niba usanzwe ufite sisitemu ya PV ukaba ushaka kuyizamura hamwe nububiko bwingufu, guhuza AC niyo guhitamo neza - byoroshya kwishyiriraho no kuzamura mugihe igiciro cyishoramari kiri hasi. Abakozi bashinzwe kwishyiriraho barashobora kongeramo bateri badakora ku bikorwa remezo byizuba.
Icyakabiri, iyo serivise ya grid ifite akamaro kurenza uruziga - gukora neza. Sisitemu ya AC yemerera bateri kwishyurwa bituruka kumirasire y'izuba hamwe na gride, bigafasha kwitabira gahunda zo gusubiza hamwe nigihe - cya - gukoresha ubukemurampaka. Niba sisitemu yizuba idatanga amashanyarazi ahagije yo kwishyuza bateri, urashobora kwishingikiriza kuri gride kugirango utange bateri yawe kugirango ubone ubukemurampaka nibyiza.
Icya gatatu, gahunda yo kwagura modular ishyigikira guhuza AC. Buri bateri ikora yigenga, ituma ubushobozi bwiyongera nta sisitemu yongeye kugaragara.
Iyo DC Guhuza Gutanga Agaciro Kinshi
Niba wubaka sisitemu nshya yo kubika PV + guhera, guhuza DC nigisubizo cyiza. Ibikoresho bishya birinda igihano cyiza cyo guhindura byinshi kandi bigabanya ibiciro byibyuma mugabana ibikorwa remezo bya inverter.
DC guhuza cyane cyane kumurika - grid porogaramu. Sisitemu ya DC - irashobora guhita yohereza ingufu zivuye mumurongo wa PV kuri ESS mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi, bigatuma ingufu za bateri ziyongera kuburyo inverter ya multimode ishobora gusubira inyuma ikanatanga amashanyarazi udategereje ko amashanyarazi agaruka. Iki gikorwa cyigenga cyerekana ko ari ingenzi kubikorwa bya kure.
Akamaro - imishinga minini igenda itera DC guhuza. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na NREL bwagereranije ko kuri {
Sisitemu ya DC nayo ifata ingufu zaciwe. Imirasire y'izuba ikunze kugenzura ubushobozi bwikigereranyo ugereranije nu ntera ya - igipimo cya 1.3: 1 DC / AC ni ibisanzwe. Hatabitswe, ibisekuru birenze ubushobozi bwa inverter biba impfabusa. Izi mbaraga zatakaye zishobora gufatwa na DC - hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, bigatuma urwego rwiyongera ku mibare ihindagurika ku rwego rwo hejuru kuruta izuba - gusa.
Guteranya Tekinike Ibibazo Byingenzi
Kwishyira hamwe ntabwo ucomeka - na - gukina. Inzitizi nyinshi za tekiniki zisaba ibisubizo byubuhanga.
Amabwiriza ya Voltage na Frequency
Imiterere yigihe kimwe yamasoko ashobora kuvugururwa nkizuba n umuyaga bitanga imbogamizi zikomeye kumurongo wogukomera no kwizerwa, hamwe nibibazo byigihe bisaba ibisubizo bishya. Impinduka zitunguranye mubisohoka izuba - ibicu binyura hejuru, igitondo cya mugitondo - hejuru, nimugoroba - hasi - bitera ihindagurika rya voltage bateri igomba gukora neza.
Imiyoboro - ikora inverters ikemura iki. Bitandukanye na gride gakondo - ikurikira inverter ihuza ibimenyetso bya gride iriho, gride - ikora inverter ikora voltage zabo hamwe na frequency reference. Imiyoboro ya - ikora ikoranabuhanga, aho sisitemu ya batiri ishobora gutanga serivisi zinyongera kubakoresha imiyoboro ya gride, yabaye ikintu cyingenzi cyokwizerwa no gutuza kwa kijyambere. Ubu bushobozi butuma ingufu zo kubika ingufu zizuba zikoresha ubwigenge mugihe cyumuriro wa gride cyangwa muri microgrid zirwa.
Gucunga ibyerekezo byombi
Sisitemu yo kwishyira hamwe igomba gucunga imbaraga zitemba icyarimwe icyarimwe. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kwishyuza bateri mugihe itanga imizigo no kohereza muri gride. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ihuza ibyo bitemba binyuze muburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura algorithms zitezimbere intego nyinshi - kugwiza cyane - gukoresha, kubika ububiko bwinyuma, kwitabira serivisi za gride, no gukumira kwangirika kwa batiri.
Imiyoboro ya Smart irakenewe muguhuza neza amasoko yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, harimo na sisitemu yo kubika izuba, nubwo sisitemu nyinshi zisanzwe zidafite tekinoroji ikenewe kugirango yakire imiyoboro yubwenge. Kugenzura no kugenzura byambere biba ngombwa uko sisitemu ikura bigoye.
Igenzura ry'ibiciro
Abakoresha nibikorwa bya gride bigabanya uburyo ibisekuru byihuse bishobora guhinduka kugirango birinde guhungabana. Igenzura ryikigereranyo risabwa kenshi ningirakamaro kuri sisitemu ya PV kugirango igabanye ingaruka ziterwa no guterwa ingufu zitunguranye kuri gride cyangwa gutakaza giturumbuka kubisekuru kubera imiterere yizuba rimwe na rimwe. Sisitemu yo kubika ihindura izi mpinduka, ituma imbaraga zigenda ziyongera mugihe ufata ingufu zaba zigabanijwe.
Kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu no kugenzura ibintu
Kwishyira hamwe kwa tekiniki ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru - uburyo bwo kugenzura no gushimangira ubukungu byerekana ibyoherejwe.
Inkunga ya Politiki itera kwakirwa
Mu gice cya mbere cya 2025, izuba nububiko byagize 82% byingufu zose zongerewe kuri gride yo muri Amerika. Uku kwiyongera kwerekana inkunga ya politiki. Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ritanga inguzanyo ya 30% kuri ESS yose ituye hejuru ya kilowati 3 kugeza mu 2032, igabanya ikiguzi cya sisitemu isanzwe yo kubika ingufu mu rugo ku madorari 3000 kugeza ku $ 5,000.
Politiki yo gupima neza igira ingaruka zikomeye mubukungu. Ibihugu bifite ibipimo byiza byemerera abafite izuba kugurisha ibisekuruza birenze kubicuruzwa, bikagabanya ikibazo cyamafaranga yo kubika. Ku rundi ruhande, leta zigenda zerekeza ku gihe - cya - zikoresha igipimo cyangwa kugabanya indishyi zingana na net zituma ububiko burushaho kuba bwiza mu gutuma umutwaro uhinduka - igihe cyagaciro.
Intego zo Gukura kw'isoko
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu z'izuba ku isi ryahawe agaciro ka miliyari 93.4 USD mu 2024 bikaba biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 378.5 USD mu 2034, kuri CAGR ya 17.8%. Iri terambere ryibanda mu bice byihariye. Muri Amerika, ibice birenga 28% by'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu 2024 yahujwe n'ububiko, aho kuva munsi ya 12% muri 2023.
Akamaro - igipimo cyo kwihuta cyihuta cyane. Muri 2025, ubwiyongere bwubushobozi buva mububiko bwa batiri bushobora gushyiraho amateka nkuko tubitekereza 18.2 GW yingirakamaro ububiko bwa batiri - ububiko bwa batiri bwongerwaho kuri gride, buva kuri 10.3 GW muri 2024. Texas na Californiya bayoboye ibyoherejwe, biterwa nuburinganire bwa portfolio bushya hamwe no gushimangira isoko.
Ikiguzi cyubwihindurize busubiramo imbaraga
Batteri yizuba itwara igiciro cyinshi, hamwe na sisitemu igura amadolari arenga 5,000 $ bitewe nubunini, ikongeramo igice kinini kubiciro bimaze kuba hejuru yizuba. Ariko, ibiciro bikomeza kugabanuka. Litiyumu - ibiciro bya batiri ya ion yagabanutse kuva hejuru ya $ 1,200 / kWt mu mwaka wa 2010 igera munsi ya $ 150 / kWt muri 2024 kugirango ikoreshwe sisitemu -.
Igereranya ryibiciro byo kugereranya birenze ibyuma. Kwishyira hamwe kwa bateri zibika izuba birashobora kugorana namabwiriza na politiki biriho bishobora kuba bishaje cyangwa bitagenewe kwakira amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kubaho. Kwiga guhuza, kwemerera gutinda, hamwe nibisabwa kuzamura ibikoresho byongeweho ibiciro byoroshye rimwe na rimwe birenze ibikoresho.
Gutsinda Byukuri - Inzitizi zo Kwishyira hamwe kwisi
Igitekerezo gihura nukuri mubikorwa byoherejwe. Ibibazo byinshi bifatika bigenda bigaragara.
Imipaka Ibikorwa Remezo bigarukira
Imiyoboro yisi yose yabaye "icyuho cyinzibacyuho yingufu" hamwe na 100 - umwaka - imiyoboro ishaje igabanya izuba - hiyongereyeho no gukura. Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza iriho ntabwo yari igenewe ingufu zingana. Impinduka, ibikoresho byo gukingira, hamwe n’ibikoresho bigenzura ingufu za voltage bisaba kuzamurwa kugirango habeho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, cyane cyane ku rwego rwo hejuru rwinjira.
Imirongo ihuza imirongo irambura amezi cyangwa imyaka mu turere twinshi. Imishinga ihura ninyigisho zingirakamaro kugirango isuzume ingaruka za gride, akenshi bivamo kuzamura ibiciro bihenze bishobora gutuma imishinga idakorwa neza.
Sisitemu Ingano na Optimisation
Ibikoresho byo kubika bitandukanye mubushobozi bwingufu (umubare wuzuye wabitswe) nubushobozi bwimbaraga (amafaranga yasohotse mugihe runaka), kandi ubushobozi butandukanye bukora imirimo itandukanye. Ububiko buke - igihe cyo kubika gikoresha ingufu nziza hamwe no koroshya izuba. Uburebure burebure - ububiko bumara butuma ibintu byinshi - amasaha yimuka cyangwa byinshi - gusubira inyuma.
Kuringaniza bisaba kuringaniza intego zipiganwa. Batteri nini zitanga igihe kinini cyo gusubira inyuma no kwikorera - ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya ariko byongera ibiciro byimbere kandi ntibishobora kuzenguruka byuzuye, kugabanya inyungu zubukungu. Sisitemu ntoya igura make ariko irashobora gutanga backup idahagije cyangwa kubura amahirwe yo kwinjiza mugihe cyizamuka ryibiciro.
Kwishyira hamwe no Kubungabunga
Guhuza bateri yizuba hamwe nimirasire yizuba iriho hamwe na sisitemu yamashanyarazi birashobora kuba bigoye, kandi kubungabunga sisitemu yo kubika izuba bisaba umuhanga kubikora neza. Gukoresha sisitemu bikubiyemo kugena ibice byinshi - kugenzura ibicuruzwa, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, inverter, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana - kugirango bikore neza.
Kubungabunga birenze ibice bigize sisitemu - urwego rwimikoranire. Ivugurura rya software rigomba guhuza ibikoresho. Sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikenera guhuza izuba hamwe nububiko. Sisitemu zimwe ziza zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ubwenge, zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyobora no gukemura ibibazo.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya
Tekinoroji yo kwishyira hamwe ikomeje gutera imbere byihuse, hamwe niterambere ryinshi ritanga impinduka zishoboka.
Topologiya ya Hybrid
Guhuza DC guhuza byerekana uburyo bushya. Sisitemu ihinduranya DC ihuza gride - ihujwe na - ihinduranya ryerekanwa ryingufu zibikwa muri bisi ya DC, hamwe na PV array ihujwe na DC ihindura DC. Iboneza rituma microgrid ikora mugihe ikomeza imikorere ya DC hamwe nibyiza byigiciro cya grid - ibikorwa bihujwe.
Multi - inverters ikuraho ibikoresho bitandukanye byo guhindura muguhuza izuba, ububiko, hamwe na gride ihuza mumashanyarazi imwe ya electronics. Ibi byose - muri - igisubizo kimwe kigabanya kubara ibice, ikirenge, hamwe nokunanirwa mugihe cyo kunoza imikorere binyuze muburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura algorithms.
Kwishyira hamwe kw'amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi ya Virtual atanga ibisubizo bishya kugirango akemure ibibazo byapima, gukusanya izuba ryagabanijwe - sisitemu yo kubika mumato ahujwe atanga serivisi za gride. Igicu - gishingiye kumurongo uhuza ibihumbi n'ibihumbi sisitemu yo guturamo nubucuruzi, ikohereza hamwe kugirango itange serivisi zisanzwe zisaba akamaro -.
Iyi software igahindura ibibazo byo kwishyira hamwe mubibazo byo guhuza imibare. Sisitemu ya buri muntu ikenera gusa umurongo wa interineti n'amasezerano yo kwitabira - umuyobozi w'amashanyarazi asanzwe akora amasoko, kohereza, no gukemura.
AI - Gucunga Ingufu
Ibikoresho nka RETScreen, Hybrid Optimisation ya Genetiki ya Algorithms (iHOGA), hamwe na Integrated Simulation Environment Language (INSEL) itanga imicungire yuzuye yingufu hamwe nisesengura ryimikorere kugirango ikemure ibibazo bigoye byo guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no gucunga ububiko. Imashini yiga algorithms noneho iteganya kubyara izuba, imiterere yumutwaro, nibimenyetso byibiciro kugirango hongerwe amafaranga - gahunda yo gusohora mu buryo bukomeye.
Sisitemu yigira kumikorere ikora, ikomeza kunoza imikorere. Bagaragaza uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro mbere yo kunanirwa kubaho, guhanura ibikenewe byo kubungabunga, no kumenyera guhindura imyitwarire y'abakoresha nta porogaramu isubirwamo.
Gukora Igikorwa cyo Kwishyira hamwe: Inzira yo Gushyira mu bikorwa
Igitekerezo gisobanura imyitozo binyuze muburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa.
Icyiciro cya 1: Isuzuma rya sisitemu nibisabwa
Tangira ugereranya uburyo bw'ingufu. Gisesengura amakuru yo gukoresha buri saha byibuze umwaka umwe wuzuye, umenye burimunsi nibihe. Menya imitwaro ikomeye isaba kugarura no kwifuza igihe cyigihe cyo kugaruka. Suzuma amakuru yizuba ryizuba niba panne zihari zashyizweho, cyangwa kugereranya umusaruro uva ahantu hamwe nubunini bwa sisitemu.
Sobanura neza ibikorwa byihutirwa. Intego yibanze yo gusubira inyuma, kugabanya fagitire mugihe - guhinduranya, kwinjiza serivise, cyangwa guhuza bimwe? Buri ntego ishyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza hamwe nuburyo bunini.
Suzuma imbogamizi zurubuga - umwanya uhari, ubushobozi bwa serivisi zamashanyarazi, ibiranga imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro, ibisabwa byemewe. Ibi bintu bifatika kandi bigenga akenshi bigabanya uburyo bwikoranabuhanga mbere yisesengura ryubukungu ritangiye.
Icyiciro cya 2: Guhitamo Ikoranabuhanga no Gushushanya
Gereranya AC na DC guhuza ukoresheje umushinga - ibipimo byihariye. Imishinga ya retrofit ishyigikiye cyane guhuza AC. Ibikoresho bishya hamwe na 1+ imyaka mbere yo koherezwa birashobora guhitamo ibyiza bya DC guhuza ibyiza. Imishinga isaba serivisi ya gride ikenera guhuza AC guhuza itanga kwishyurwa ryigenga.
Iburyo - ingano yaba izuba nububiko. Igice cya 3 kugeza kuri 6 kW byiganjemo amazu yo guturamo kubera kugabanuka kwa bateri no guhuza hamwe nibisanzwe hejuru ya PV. Sisitemu yubucuruzi ikunze gukoresha 50-250 kWt ishingiye kumwirondoro wimitwaro hamwe nimbogamizi zingengo yimari.
Reba kwaguka kazoza mubishushanyo mbonera. Sisitemu ya modula yemerera ubushobozi bwiyongera uko ibikenewe bikura cyangwa ubukungu butera imbere. AC - sisitemu ihujwe ituma ubushobozi bwaguka byoroshye wongeyeho ibice bya batiri, mugihe sisitemu ya DC isaba guhinduka cyane.
Icyiciro cya 3: Kwishyiriraho umwuga no gutangiza
Menya neza ko ukorana ninzobere zibishoboye kugirango ushyireho izuba hamwe noguhuza kugirango sisitemu ihuze kandi ikore neza. Abanyamashanyarazi babifitemo uruhushya bagomba gukora grid zose - zahujwe kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa kode kandi zikomeze amasezerano yingirakamaro.
Gukoresha bikubiyemo ibirenze guhuza umubiri. Kugenzura ibipimo byombi bikora neza. Shyiramo ibipimo bya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri - igipimo cyo kwishyuza / gusohora, imipaka ya voltage, leta - ya - yishyuza Windows. Shiraho ikibaho cyo kugenzura no kumenyesha.
Gerageza ibikorwa byo kugarura niba iyo mikorere ibaho. Kwigana imiyoboro ya gride kugirango wemeze kwimurwa nta nkomyi no kugenzura ko wongeye gutangira iyo amashanyarazi agarutse.
Icyiciro cya 4: Gukomeza Gukwirakwiza no Kubungabunga
Kugenzura buri gihe kubakozi bahuguwe birashobora gukumira no gukemura ibibazo vuba kandi birinda ibindi bibazo. Sisitemu nyinshi zisaba gufata neza umubiri - bateri ya lithium ifunze ibice bifunze imyaka 10-15. Nyamara, gukurikirana bikomeje kuba ingirakamaro.
Ongera usuzume ibipimo byerekana buri kwezi. Kurikirana imirasire y'izuba n'ibiteganijwe, uburyo bwo gusiganwa ku magare, hamwe na {{1} rates igipimo cyo gukoresha. Menya ibintu bidasanzwe - panele yangiritse, inverter inanirwa, cyangwa igenamigambi rito.
Kuvugurura software hamwe na software nkuko ababikora barekura iterambere. Imicungire yingufu za algorithms zitera imbere ubudahwema; kuguma muri iki gihe byongera imikorere kandi akenshi byongera ubushobozi bushya kubikoresho bisanzwe.
Ejo hazaza h'izuba - Kwinjiza Ububiko
Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza bikomeje gutera imbere byihuse. Inzira nyinshi zirimo guhindura imiterere.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ningirakamaro mukuzamura imiterere noguhindura amashanyarazi - amashanyarazi akoreshwa, hamwe nubuhanga butandukanye bwo kubika harimo ubukanishi, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, na hydrogène - hasuzumwa ibisubizo by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Kurenga lithium - bateri, bateri zitemba zitanga ububiko bwigihe kirekire hamwe nigare ridafite imipaka. Sisitemu ya hydrogen itanga ububiko bwibihe binyuze muri electrolysis na selile. Ububiko bwa Thermal buhuza bisanzwe hamwe nizuba rikoreshwa ryizuba.
Bateri zikomeye - bateri zisezeranya ingufu nyinshi n’umutekano muke iyo zigeze ku gipimo cy’ubucuruzi. Batteri zikomeye - zitanga ingufu nyinshi kandi zikagira umutekano muke, mugihe bateri zitemba zitanga ibisubizo binini bibikwa bikwiranye n’imishinga minini -. Izi tekinoroji zishobora gukuraho ubwumvikane buke buriho.
Kwinjizamo sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'izuba hamwe na gride yubwenge ituma imicungire myiza nogukwirakwiza hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rigezweho, bigatuma - igihe gikurikirana no kugenzura imigendekere yingufu. Amasoko yingufu zishobora guhinduka aho yagabanijwe izuba {{2} systems sisitemu yo kubika ibicuruzwa byingufu na serivisi byigenga bishingiye ku bimenyetso nyabyo - nibimenyetso byigihe.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nshobora kongeramo ububiko kumirasire yizuba iriho?
Nibyo, binyuze muri AC - guhuza hamwe. AC {{2} systems sisitemu ya bateri ihujwe ihuza imirasire y'izuba iriho idahinduye ibikoresho by'izuba. Inverteri yihariye ya bateri icunga kwishyuza no gusohora mugihe inverter yawe yizuba isanzwe ikomeza gukora idahindutse. Ubu buryo bwa retrofit mubusanzwe butwara amafaranga make mumurimo kandi ntibukuraho garanti y ibikoresho byizuba, nubwo bitanga imbaraga ugereranije na DC - sisitemu ifatanyirijwe hamwe kuva yatangira.
Bigenda bite ingufu z'izuba iyo bateri zuzuye?
Iyo batteri igeze kumafaranga yuzuye, sisitemu ifite amahitamo atatu bitewe niboneza. Grid - sisitemu ihujwe yohereza imbaraga zirenze kuri utile, kubona inguzanyo muri gahunda yo gupima net. Kureka - sisitemu ya gride igabanya umusaruro wizuba muguhindura imikorere yumurongo utari muto. Sisitemu ya Hybrid irashobora kwerekeza imbaraga mububiko bwumuriro cyangwa imitwaro irwanya ubushyuhe bwamazi. Sisitemu zigezweho zicunga mu buryo bwikora binyuze muri inverter igenzura algorithms ishyira imbere - gukoresha, kwishyuza bateri, hamwe na gride yohereza hanze ishingiye kubyo wateguye.
Ese sisitemu yo kubika izuba - ikora mugihe cyo guhagarika amashanyarazi?
Biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera. Imiyoboro isanzwe - ihambiriye izuba idafite ububiko irahagarara mugihe cyo kubura umutekano - gukumira ibyokurya byinyuma bishobora gukomeretsa abakozi bakora. Ongeraho ububiko bwa batiri butuma ibikorwa byububiko niba sisitemu ikubiyemo kwimura ibintu hamwe nubushobozi bwizinga. Inverter itahura ikizimya, igaca kuri gride, kandi igaha imbaraga zipakurura imizigo ivuye izuba na batiri. Sisitemu zose zishyizwe hamwe zirimo iyi mikorere - bisaba ibikoresho byihariye kandi akenshi bisaba amafaranga yinyongera. Hanze - sisitemu ya gride isanzwe ikora yigenga utitaye kumurongo wa gride.
Nkeneye ubushobozi buke bwo kubika sisitemu yizuba?
Ubushobozi busabwa biterwa nintego zikorwa aho kuba ingano yizuba. Kubisubiza inyuma, kubara buri munsi imikoreshereze yimitwaro ikomeye kandi ugwize iminsi wifuzaga. Inzu isanzwe ikoresha 30 kWh buri munsi hamwe nuburemere bwa 10 kWh ikenera 10 - 20 kWh ububiko bwumunsi umwe - iminsi ibiri yo gusubira inyuma. Kugirango uhindure imizigo, suzuma igihe - ya - koresha imiterere yikigereranyo hamwe nububiko bunini kugirango uhindure ibisekuru byigihe kinini. Sisitemu nyinshi zo guturamo zikoresha 10-20 kWh, mugihe sisitemu yubucuruzi iri hagati ya 50 kWh na MWh nyinshi hashingiwe kumwirondoro wibikoresho hamwe nintego zubukungu.
Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha ingufu zihuza neza binyuze mubikorwa byinshi byagaragaye. AC guhuza itanga retrofit guhinduka no gukora byinshi. DC guhuza itanga imikorere isumba iyindi nigiciro gito cyo kwishyiriraho. Hybrid yegera kuvanga ibyiza kubikorwa byihariye.
Inzitizi zo kwishyira hamwe - ubuhanga bugoye, inzitizi zigenga amategeko, imbogamizi z’ibikorwa remezo - zirimo gukemurwa buri gihe binyuze mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, inkunga ya politiki, hamwe n’uburambe bwo kohereza. Kwiyongera kw'isoko kuva kuri miliyari 93.4 z'amadolari mu 2024 kugera kuri miliyari 378.5 z'amadolari muri 2034 bigaragaza iterambere ry'ubukungu ndetse n'ibitekerezo byagaragaye ko bifite agaciro.
Intsinzi isaba guhuza imyubakire yububiko bwihariye busabwa, kwishyiriraho umwuga ninzobere zibishoboye, hamwe na sisitemu ikomeza. Ikoranabuhanga rikora neza iyo ryateguwe neza kandi rigashyirwa mubikorwa, nkuko bigaragazwa na sisitemu y'ibikorwa ibihumbi magana ku isi.