Sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu zinganda zikora zitanga amashanyarazi ako kanya, yizewe mugihe amashanyarazi yangiritse cyangwa guhungabana. Izi sisitemu - cyane cyane ibice bya UPS (Unruptrupt Power Supply) hamwe nububiko bwa batiri - gutahura igihombo cyamashanyarazi muri milisegonda hanyuma ugahindura ingufu zabitswe, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomeye bikora. Imikorere yabo iterwa nubunini bukwiye, kubungabunga buri gihe, no guhuza ubwoko bwa sisitemu kubikenewe.
Ubwoko bwimbaraga zinganda zinganda na sisitemu yo kwizerwa
Ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi byiganjemo isoko ryinyuma yinganda, buri kimwe gifite imikorere itandukanye.
Kabiri Kumurongo - Guhindura UPSikora mugukomeza guhindura imbaraga za AC zinjira muri DC, hanyuma ugasubira muri AC. Ihinduka rihoraho ritandukanya ibikoresho mubibazo byose byubuziranenge. Ibikoresho byinganda ukoresheje sisitemu bifite uburambe bwa zeru mugihe cyo guhagarika - umutwaro ntushobora kumenya imbaraga zingirakamaro zananiranye. Centre yamakuru yishingikiriza cyane kuri topologiya kuko ikemura ihindagurika rya voltage, itandukaniro ryinshuro, hamwe no kugoreka guhuza hatabayeho guhinduranya ingufu za batiri kubibazo bito. Ubucuruzi - off ni hejuru yikiguzi cyo hejuru kandi kiri hasi gato (mubisanzwe 92-96%) ugereranije nibindi bishushanyo.
Umurongo - Sisitemu zikoranaKugereranya Hagati Hagati yingufu Zisubiramo Porogaramu. Ibi bice bigenga voltage binyuze muri autotransformer mugihe bisigaye bihujwe nimbaraga zingirakamaro. Iyo voltage igabanutse cyangwa imitoma ibaye - isanzwe mubikorwa byo gukora hamwe nimashini ziremereye - sisitemu ikosora idashizemo bateri. Igihe cyo kwimura kiri hagati ya 4 - 6 milisegonda, byihuse bihagije kubikoresho byinshi byinganda ariko birashobora kuba ikibazo kubashinzwe kugenzura ibintu byoroshye. Inganda zikora akenshi zohereza umurongo - ibice bikorana kumitwaro idakomeye aho igipimo cya 99.5% cyujuje ibisabwa.
Guhagarara / Offline UPSitanga uburinzi bwibanze hamwe nigihe cyo kwimura kugeza kuri milisegonda 8. Mugihe bidakunze kugaragara mubikorwa biremereye, sisitemu igaragara mubikorwa bito - hamwe nibikoresho bigenzura kure. Ubworoherane busobanura amanota make yo gutsindwa, ariko gutinda guhinduka birashobora guhungabanya porogaramu zishobora gukoreshwa (PLC) hamwe na drives ya variable (VFDs).
Ikoranabuhanga rya Batiri ryahindutse cyane. Isonga - bateri ya acide iracyafite 35% yisoko kubera igiciro -, ariko sisitemu ya lithium - ion yinjije miliyari 5.07 z'amadorali yinjije muri 2024 nkuko bigaragazwa na Grand View Research. Nikel nshya - chimique itanga inshuro eshatu ingufu zumuriro wa aside - mugihe ikuraho ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe - ikintu gikomeye cyumutekano mukarere kafunzwe.
Uburyo Imbaraga Zananiwe Mubyukuri zigira ingaruka mubikorwa byinganda
Umubare w'amafaranga yo guhagarika amashanyarazi wariyongereye. Raporo ya Siemens yo mu 2024 "Ikiguzi nyacyo cyo Kumanuka" yasanze amasosiyete 500 akomeye ku isi atakaza miriyoni 1.4 z'amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka ku gihe cyo guteganya-11% byinjira byose. Ibi byerekana kwiyongera kwa 62% kuva miriyari $ 864 muri 2019-2020.
Inganda - ingaruka zihariye ziratandukanye cyane. Gukora amamodoka bihura nigiciro cyinshi kuri miliyoni 2.3 zamadorali kumasaha mugihe imirongo yumusaruro ihagaze. Inganda zikomeye zigereranya miliyoni 59 z'amadolari ku isaha yo gutaha, 60% ugereranije n'urwego rwa 2019. Ndetse no guhagarika bigufi bitera ibibazo bikurura: uruganda rumwe rukora ibinyabiziga rusanzwe rufite ibibazo 25 byo kumanura buri kwezi, buri kimwe gisaba impuzandengo yamasaha 27 kugirango igarure ibikorwa byuzuye.
Ibigo byamakuru bitanga ikindi kibazo. Isesengura rya Uptime Institute 2024 ryerekanye ko 52% by'ibura ry'amakuru yose bituruka ku mbaraga -. Muri ibyo byabaye, 54% byatwaye hagati y’100.000 na miliyoni 1, mu gihe 16% arenga miliyoni y’indishyi. Ikibazo ntabwo cyatakaye gusa ubushobozi bwo kubara - kunanirwa kwamashanyarazi kwangiza ububiko bwububiko, kwangiza bikomeye - ububiko bwa leta, kandi bigatera inzira ndende yo gukira.
Ibidukikije bikora bihura nibindi bibazo birenze igihombo cyamafaranga. Mu buryo butunguranye, guhagarika imashini ziremereye zirashobora kwangiza imashini - sisitemu yo gukonjesha igomba gukomeza gukora mugihe cyo guhagarika, inzira yimiti ikenera guhagarikwa, kandi ubushyuhe - ibikorwa byoroshye bisaba kugabanya ingufu gahoro gahoro. Sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu zinganda zitanga niminota 10-15 yigihe cyo gukora ituma ubwo buryo bukomeye bwo guhagarika bwuzuye neza.
Nukuri - Amakuru yimikorere yisi yose yoherejwe ninganda
Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu za Batiri (BESS) ikoreshwa mubucuruzi ninganda mubisanzwe itanga amasaha 2 - amasaha 6 yingufu zinyuma bitewe nuburemere. Sisitemu ya 258 kWh irashobora guha ingufu za kVA 120 mumasaha arenga 2 kubushobozi bwuzuye. Mugihe abakoresha bagabanya imitwaro - imizigo ikomeye - bahitamo gukoresha HVAC, amatara yaka, kuzimya ibikoresho byingoboka-igihe cyagutse bikwiranye. Ibikoresho bimwe bivuga ko byageze ku masaha 4-5 ushyira mubikorwa protocole yo guhagarika.
Umuvuduko winzibacyuho ufite akamaro kanini. Sisitemu ya UPS itanga ingufu muri milisegonda 2 - 10, ikabuza ibikoresho kumenya intambamyi iyo ari yo yose. Amashanyarazi, bitandukanye, bisaba amasegonda 10 - 30 kugirango utangire kandi uhamye-ubuziraherezo bwo kugenzura inganda. Iki cyuho niyo mpamvu sisitemu yo kongera ingufu zinganda zisanzwe zihuza tekinoloji zombi: UPS ihuza amasegonda yambere akomeye mugihe generator yitegura kwikorera imitwaro ndende.
Ibipimo byizewe biva mubikorwa byoherejwe byerekana ko sisitemu ya UPS ikomeza neza igera kuri 99,99% kuboneka. Nyamara, iyi shusho ifata ibizamini bya batiri bisanzwe no kuyisimbuza. Batteri yangirika vuba mubidukikije kubera inganda zikabije nubushyuhe bukabije. Kurongora - bateri za acide zapimwe mumyaka 5 mubihe byakazi akenshi birananirana nyuma y amezi 9 - 18 mugihe hagaragaye ubushyuhe bwa dogere 50 busanzwe mubikorwa byo gukora. Inganda - sisitemu yo mucyiciro ukoresheje bateri yubushyuhe bugari yongerera iyi imyaka 4 ndetse no kuri dogere 50.
Koperative ishinzwe ibikorwa bya Alaskan yo mucyaro yerekana nini - igipimo cyiza cyo kugarura bateri. Sisitemu yabo ikoresha bateri 14,000 za NiCad zitanga megawatt 40 zingufu zikomeza - bihagije kugirango zunganire serivisi zose mugihe amashanyarazi yabuze. Kwiyubaka byakomeje 99,97% mugihe cyubuzima bwacyo, byerekana ko ibisubizo byingufu zinganda zikora neza mugihe byakozwe neza kubidukikije.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa no gukumira
Nubwo amanota yo kwizerwa ari menshi, sisitemu zo gusubira mu nganda zirananirana. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo kunanirwa bifasha ibikoresho kwirinda 44% byikigo cya data cyatewe nikibazo cyamashanyarazi.
Kunanirwa kwa Batirikonte ya 40% ya UPS - ihagarikwa. Ingirabuzimafatizo ku giti cye zigabanuka ku bipimo bitandukanye mu murongo. Muri chimisties gakondo, selile imwe yananiwe gukora umuzenguruko ufunguye uhagarika banki yose ya batiri. Amashyirahamwe arwanya ibi binyuze mu gupima voltage ya buri kwezi, kwipimisha buri gihembwe banki, no gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikurikirana ubuzima bwakagari. Amashusho yubushyuhe yerekana ahantu hashyushye byerekana kunanirwa kwegereje mbere yuko bibaho.
Ubushobozi budahagijeitera 30% yibibazo bya sisitemu. Ibikoresho akenshi bishimangira sisitemu ishingiye kumurongo wamazina aho kuba umutwaro nyawo. Umurongo wo gukora ufite agaciro ka 200 kWt ushobora gushushanya 280 kWt mugihe cyo gutangira. Moteri - ibikoresho bikoreshwa, ibikorwa byo gusudira, hamwe na transformateur nini byose birema amashanyarazi. Ingano ikwiye isaba gupima umutwaro nyawo hamwe nisesengura ryimbaraga zamasaha mugihe cyamasaha 24-48, hanyuma ukongeramo 20-30%.
Kwimura imikorere mibikora interuro ngufi ariko zikomeye. Ihinduramiterere ryikora (ATS) rigomba gukora muri milisegonda, ariko kwambara imashini, kwirundanya umukungugu, cyangwa guhuza bidatinze bitera gutinda. Sisitemu yingufu zinganda zorohereza ibi binyuze munzira zo kwimura no gukora imyitozo isanzwe munsi yumutwaro - ntabwo buri kwezi gusa - ibizamini bya generator.
Ibidukikijegutesha agaciro imikorere byihuse kuruta abashoramari umushinga. Kunyeganyega biva kumashini zegeranye bigabanya amashanyarazi. Kwinjira mu mukungugu bibuza gukonjesha no kubitsa ku mbaho zumuzunguruko. Ubushuhe bwihutisha ruswa. Ibikoresho bikemura ibyo ushyira ibikoresho bya UPS mubihe bitandukanye - bigenzurwa nibishoboka mugihe bishoboka, cyangwa kwerekana ibice byinganda - bifite amanota yo kurinda IP 54+.
Gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije igabanya ibyago byo gutsindwa 60-70% ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwizewe bwa ABB. Igenzura rya buri gihembwe rigomba kugenzura itara rya batiri, gupima ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, kugenzura imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, gusuzuma ibyabaye ku bibazo byagarutsweho, no gukora ibizamini byo gusohora batiri buri mwaka. Igiciro cya serivisi kigereranya 3-5% yikiguzi cya sisitemu ariko irinda ubwinshi bwananiwe gukumirwa.
Guhitamo Sisitemu zujuje ibyifuzo byinganda
Guhitamo ingufu zinganda zinganda bisaba guhuza tekinoroji nibikorwa byihariye aho kugura sisitemu nini gusa.
Imbaraga zingirakamaro zirenze igihe cyo gusubira inyumain Porogaramu. Sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira yihanganira itandukaniro rya zeru - ndetse na 2 - 3% gutandukana bikurura amakosa. Ibi bisaba kumurongo kabiri - topologiya ihinduka. Moteri - ibikoresho bikoreshwa bitwara amashanyarazi magufi neza, bigatuma umurongo-uhuza sisitemu bihagije. Itandukaniro ryibanze ni ukumenya niba ibikoresho bikenera sine yuzuye neza cyangwa birashobora kwemerwa na sine yahinduwe mugihe cya bateri.
Ubunini burinda gusaza.Igishushanyo mbonera cya UPS cyemerera kwagura ubushobozi wongeyeho modules aho gusimbuza sisitemu zose. Ikigo gishobora gutangirana nubushobozi bwa 100 kVA, hanyuma ukongeramo 50 kVA module uko umusaruro waguka. Ubu buryo bugabanya ishoramari ryambere mugihe gikomeza inzira zo kuzamura. Sisitemu ya modular nayo itanga N +1 kurengana - niba module imwe yananiwe, abandi bakomeza gukora.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa generator bisaba guhuza neza.Iyo bateri ya UPS igabanutse, kwimura byikora kuri generator bigomba kubaho nta nkomyi. Sisitemu zombi zikenera amabwiriza ya voltage ahuza hamwe no kugenzura kugenzura. Imashini itanga ingufu za generator ifata amasegonda 2 - amasegonda 5 nyuma yo gutangira; UPS igomba guhagarika iki gihe cyo gutuza. Ibikoresho bikunze kubangikanya amashanyarazi mato mato aho gushiraho igice kinini - ibi bitanga ubudahangarwa kandi bikemerera gukora-imitwaro igice mugihe cyacitse gito, bikazamura imikorere ya lisansi.
Ibipimo byibidukikije bigena kuramba.Ibice bisanzwe byubucuruzi UPS birananirana vuba mukungugu, ubushyuhe, cyangwa kunyeganyega inganda. Sisitemu yemejwe kuri UL 508 kumwanya wo kugenzura inganda zihanganira ibihe bibi. Ubushyuhe bwagutse buringaniye (0 - dogere 50 utarinze guteshuka), gutwikira guhuza imbaho zumuzunguruko, hamwe na chassis yicyuma hamwe nifu ya poro irwanya ruswa mubidukikije bigoye. Ibiranga inganda-mubyiciro byongeweho 20-30% kubiciro bya sisitemu ariko ubuzima bukubye gatatu.
Guhitamo Bateri byahindutse cyane. Sisitemu ya Litiyumu - ion itanga 2 - 3x igihe kirekire cyumurimo kuruta kurongora - aside, kwishyuza byihuse (1 - amasaha 2 vs . 6-8 amasaha), na 30 - 50% ntoya. Igiciro cyo hejuru cyane ($ 1.500-2,000 $ kuri kilowati na 500-800 $ ya aside-aside) ihindura ubuzima bwimyaka 10-12 ugereranije nimyaka 3-5 ya aside-aside. Ubuhanga bwa LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) ikuraho impungenge zumuriro ziboneka muri lithium-ion isanzwe.
Ibisabwa byo gufata neza imikorere irambye
Sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu zinganda zisaba gufata neza kugirango ukomeze kwizerwa. Igiciro cyose cyo kubara nyirubwite cyerekana ko igiciro cyubuguzi kigereranya 25 - 40% gusa yo gukoresha ubuzima bwawe bwose, kubungabunga ingufu, no gusimbuza amaherezo bigizwe nibisigaye.
Inzira yo gusimbuza bateri yiganje mu ngengo yimishinga yo kubungabunga. Kurongora - bateri ya aside isaba gusimburwa buri 3 - imyaka 5 kuri 30 - 50% byigiciro cya sisitemu yumwimerere. Ibikoresho bigabanya aya mafaranga ushyira mubikorwa imicungire yubushyuhe-buri dogere 10 hejuru ya dogere 25 igabanya ubuzima bwa bateri. Gushyira ibikoresho bya UPS mumwanya uhumeka cyangwa kongeramo sisitemu yo gukonjesha byishyura mugihe cyimyaka 2-3 binyuze muri serivisi ya bateri yagutse.
Kugenzura buri gihembwe birinda gutsindwa kwinshi. Abatekinisiye bagomba gupima voltage kuri buri bateri mumurongo, kwandika indangagaciro zo gusesengura inzira. Akagari kerekana 2.1V mugihe abandi basoma 2.2V yerekana gutesha agaciro bisaba gusimburwa. Kugenzura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hamwe na torque wrenches isanga itumanaho rirekuye ritera guhangana, ritanga ubushyuhe, amaherezo bikananirana. Amashusho yubushyuhe agaragaza ibice bishyushye mbere yuko binanirwa.
Ikizamini cyo gusohora buri mwaka kigenzura igihe cyagenwe gihuye nibisobanuro. Huza banki yimizigo ihwanye nibikoresho bikomeye gushushanya kandi ukoreshe ingufu za bateri mugihe ukurikirana voltage nigihe cyo kugabanuka. Ibikoresho byinshi bivumbura "30 - umunota" sisitemu itanga iminota 18 gusa munsi yumutwaro-mwiza wo kwiga ibi mugihe cyo kwipimisha kuruta mugihe cyo kubura. Ibisubizo by'inyandiko hanyuma ugereranye n'ibipimo fatizo kugirango ukurikirane ubushobozi bugenda bugabanuka mugihe.
Gukurikirana software bitanga kugenzura - kugenzura igihe. Sisitemu igezweho ya UPS itumanaho ikoresheje SNMP, Modbus, cyangwa protocole yihariye. Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga inyubako yemerera kumenyesha mu buryo bwikora iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri buzamutse, kwinjiza ingufu zujuje ubuziranenge, cyangwa ubushobozi bugabanuka munsi yurwego. Gukurikirana kure bigabanya gukenera kugenzurwa buri munsi mugihe cyo kunoza igihe cyo gukemura ibibazo biteza imbere.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Sisitemu yo gusubira mu nganda kugeza ryari ibikoresho byamashanyarazi?
Igihe cyo gukora giterwa nubushobozi bwa bateri nubunini bwumutwaro. Sisitemu ya 258 kWh itanga 120 kVA umutwaro kumasaha 2+ kumasaha yuzuye. Kugabanya umutwaro uhitamo guhagarika ibikoresho - ibikoresho bikomeye byongerera igihe cyagenwe - ibikoresho byinshi bigera kumasaha 4-6 mugushira mubikorwa protocole yo guhagarika. Sisitemu irashobora kugereranywa kugirango yongere igihe kitazwi.
Niki gitera inganda nyinshi za UPS kunanirwa?
Kwangirika kwa Bateri bitera 40% kunanirwa kwa UPS, bigakurikirwa nubushobozi budahagije (30%) nibibazo byo kwimura (15%). Ubushyuhe nubwambere bwihuta - bateri zapimwe kumyaka 5 kuri dogere 25 zimara amezi 9-18 gusa kuri dogere 50. Kwipimisha buri gihe, ubunini bukwiye, hamwe no kugenzura ibidukikije birinda 60-70% byatsinzwe.
Sisitemu yinganda ikora neza kuruta UPS yubucuruzi?
Inganda - sisitemu yo gukora ikora neza mubidukikije bikaze aho ibice byubucuruzi byananiranye. Biranga ubushyuhe bwagutse (dogere 0-50), ubwubatsi bukomeye, hamwe nubuzima bwa bateri. Itandukaniro ryingenzi nuko amashanyarazi yinganda zinganda zemezwa byumwihariko kubintu biboneka mubikorwa, inganda za peteroli, ninganda zikomeye.
Ni bangahe sisitemu igura ibikoresho bisanzwe?
Sisitemu ya kVA 100 kumurongo - sisitemu yo guhindura hamwe niminota 30 yo kugarura bateri igura $ 25.000 - 45,000 yashyizweho. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion yongeraho 40-60% kubiciro byambere ariko igabanya imyaka 10 igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite 20-30% binyuze mubuzima burebure no kugabanya kubungabunga. Sisitemu ya modula yemerera ishoramari ryiyongera uko ibikenewe byiyongera.
Ibimenyetso byemeza ko sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu zinganda zitanga imikorere yizewe mugihe cyerekanwe neza, cyashyizweho, kandi kigakomeza. Ikoranabuhanga rimaze gukura cyane {{1} systems sisitemu zigezweho zigera kuri 99,99% kuboneka mubidukikije bisaba inganda. Imiti ya Batiri itera imbere, cyane cyane lithium - ion na nikel - zinc, byongereye ingufu n’umutekano mu gihe bigabanya ibisabwa byo kubungabunga.
Icyemezo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba sisitemu ikora, ahubwo ihitamo iboneza ryukuri kubikorwa bikenewe. Ibikoresho byo gukora bifite ibikoresho bisobanutse bisaba kurindwa bitandukanye nibihingwa byimiti cyangwa ububiko bukonje. Guhuza topologiya ya UPS nibisabwa byubuziranenge bwingufu, ubunini buringaniye hamwe nicyumba cya 20-30% cyicyumba cyo gukura kizaza, no gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije bigena intsinzi kuruta guhitamo ibikoresho bimwe.
Amashyirahamwe afata imbaraga zububiko nkibikorwa remezo bikomeye - hamwe ningengo yimari yabigenewe yo kubungabunga, kwipimisha buri gihe, hamwe nabateganijwe gusimburwa - raporo hafi ya - zeru zitunguranye. Abashyiraho sisitemu bakayirengagiza bahura na 44% byananiranye bigaragara mubushakashatsi bwikigo. Inganda zingufu zinganda zikora, ariko iyo zishyigikiwe na disipuline ikora bakeneye