Nibyiza, none nagiye gucukumbura muri iki kintu cyose cyo kubika ingufu vuba aha, kandi mvugishije ukuri? Ninzira ishimishije kuruta uko nabitekerezaga. Byatangiye kuko umuturanyi wanjye yabonye imirasire yizuba kandi yinubira uburyo ntacyo bimaze nijoro (duh), ariko byanteye gutekereza kuri byose.ububiko bwa batiriInguni.
Fiziki yibanze inyuma ya byose
Dore ikintu - kandi birashoboka ko ndimo kubyoroshya, ariko icyaricyo cyose - kubika ingufu ntabwo mubyukuri bitanga ingufu ziva mumyuka yoroheje. Ni ... gusa. Amategeko yambere ya thermodynamic, sibyo? Ingufu ntizishobora kuremwa cyangwa gusenywa, gusa zahinduwe ziva muburyo bumwe. Iyo rero tuvuze "kubika" ingufu, tuba tuvuze rwose kubihindura mubintu dushobora gufata kuri bike.
Ndibuka umwarimu wigisha ibya fiziki abisobanura hamwe na ΔU=Q + W (aho Q ari ubushyuhe bwimurirwa muri sisitemu kandi W ni akazi kayikorewe). Bisa nkaho bidafite icyo gihe, ariko ubu birumvikana. Sisitemu ya bateri yawe ntabwo ari amarozi - ifata ingufu zamashanyarazi ikayihindura ingufu za chimique, cyangwa ingufu za kinetic mumashanyarazi, cyangwa ikindi cyose. Noneho mugihe ubikeneye inyuma, gutera imbere, hindura inzira.
Ikintu cyo kubika bateri birashoboka ko ari urugero rusanzwe abantu batekereza. Ingufu za chimique zicaye aho, zitegereje. Iyo ukeneye amashanyarazi, chimie irasohoka ikaza imbaraga zawe. Byiza neza, usibye mugihe atari (byinshi kuri ibyo nyuma kuko chimie ya bateri ibona WEIRD).
Kuki ibi bifite akamaro kuruta uko wabitekereza
Ingufu zisubirwamo rero - umuyaga, izuba, imigezi yinyanja, ibyo bintu byose. Ntabwo ari iyo kwizerwa nk'ikuzimu. Ndashaka kuvuga, Ndi byose kubwimbaraga zicyatsi, ariko reka tuvugishe ukuri: izuba ntiritaye kumasaha yawe yo gukoresha, kandi umuyaga uhuha iyo ubishaka. Aha niho hanini - kubika ingufu zingana guhindura umukino rwose.
Utabitse, usanga ahanini uta ingufu mugihe cya - igihe cyo hejuru cyangwa mugihe umusaruro ari mwinshi. Hamwe n'ububiko? Urimo koroshya ibintu byose, bigatuma izo mbaraga zituruka kumasoko zishobora kubaho kuri gride.
Igice c'amafaranga (kubera birumvikana)
Aha niho hashimisha abantu basanzwe. Uzi uburyo amashanyarazi atwara amafaranga atandukanye mubihe bitandukanye? Igiciro cyibibaya nigiciro cyo hejuru? Sisitemu yo kubika ikwemerera gukina iyo sisitemu. Kwishyuza mugihe amashanyarazi ahendutse (mubisanzwe ijoro ryose), hanyuma ukoreshe izo mbaraga zabitswe mumasaha ahenze kumanywa.
Nashakishije muri ibi ahantu hanjye bwite, kandi kuzigama ibiciro ni ... erega, ntabwo ari impinduramatwara, ariko baragerayo. Inyubako zubucuruzi zimaze kubikora bikabije. Inshuti yanjye ikora murwego rwo hejuru - izamuka mumujyi, kandi bigaragara ko inyubako zabo zose zijoro nijoro kandi zinyura mumasaha ahenze ya nyuma ya saa sita. Ibishyimbo byibishyimbo birabikunda.
Ikintu nicyo, tekinoroji yo kubika igiye guhinduka bisanzwe amaherezo. Ntabwo ari kubucuruzi gusa - kumazu nayo. Nibibazo gusa mugihe ubukungu bwifashe neza rwose.
Ububiko bwihutirwa (ariko ntabwo bimeze nka generator ya sogokuru)
Hano hari ikintu ntari narigeze ntekereza kugeza igihe nacukuye cyane: sisitemu ikora mugihe cyumwijima. Bitandukanye na moteri ya mazutu yicaye mukuzimu ko ucana rimwe mumwaka (birashoboka), sisitemu yo kubika bateri ikora cyane muri sisitemu yingufu zawe igihe cyose.
Mugihe cyibikorwa bisanzwe, bakora ibintu byabo nkemurampaka - kugura make, kugurisha hejuru, byingenzi. Ariko iyo gride yamanutse, bahita batera. Nta gutangira gutinda, nta gutitira hirya no hino mu mwijima ushakisha amashanyarazi. Kandi ntabwo utwika ibicanwa bya fosile wicaye gusa utegereje ko sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi ikosora imirongo yabo.
Agace kanjye kari gafite umwijima mwinshi umwaka ushize (ikigaragara ni uko ibikorwa remezo bya gride bishaje, ninde wabimenye?), Kandi buri gihe natekerezaga uburyo byaba byiza tubitse kumurongo. Netflix ntabwo yireba, urabizi?
Ibintu binini byamashusho
Kubika ingufu nkigitekerezo ningirakamaro kuri enterineti yose yubwenge. Ntushobora gukwirakwiza ibisekuruza, microgrid, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda ahantu hose nta bubiko bukomeye. Tekinoroji ni ibuye ryingenzi - iyikureho kandi iyerekwa ryose riratandukana.
Ariko dore ikimbabaza: buriwese avuga kububiko nkiki kibazo cyakemutse. "Ongeramo bateri gusa!" Yego, rwose. Usibye kwangirika kwa bateri nukuri, urunigi rwo gutanga ibikoresho rurakemangwa neza, kandi igihombo cyiza mugihe cyo kwishyuza / gusohora cyiyongera.
Imikorere ya Thermodynamic nikintu kimwe kurupapuro. Nukuri - imikorere yisi hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye, kwishyuza - gusohora inzinguzingo, ibisabwa byo kubungabunga? Aho niho ibintu biba akajagari. Nabonye ibisabwa kuri 85 - 95% kuzenguruka - ingendo zingendo za sisitemu ya lithium-ion, ariko ibyo ni laboratoire. Shyira sisitemu mugihe cyizuba cya Texas cyangwa imbeho ya Minnesota umbwire uko ikora nyuma yimyaka itanu.
Cyakora mubyukuri nubwo?
Tugarutse kubibazo byumwimerere - yego, sisitemu yo kubika batiri ikora. Ariko "akazi" ni ugukora ibintu biremereye aho. Bakora muburyo babika kandi bakarekura ingufu. Bakora mugukora ibivugururwa kurushaho. Bakora mugutanga imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma no koroshya ihindagurika rya gride.
Bakora nkigisubizo cyuzuye kubibazo byacu byose byingufu? Ntanubwo ari hafi. Baragenda bamera neza buri mwaka? Rwose. Ikoranabuhanga riratera imbere, ibiciro biragabanuka, kandi nyabyo - kwishyiriraho isi birerekana igitekerezo ku gipimo.
Ndibwira ko ikibazo gishimishije atari ukumenya niba bakora, ariko burigihe bazakora neza bihagije kandi bihendutse kuburyo buriwese afite umwe. Kuberako physics ari nziza, injeniyeri irakomeye, kandi gushimangira ubukungu birahuza. Nibibazo byigihe mbere yo kubika ingufu nibisanzwe nko kugira amazi ashyushya mubutaka bwawe.
Nubwo mvugishije ukuri, ndacyari ku ruzitiro rwo gukurura imbarutso y'inzu yanjye. Igihe cyo kwishyura kiracyari kirekire kuburyohe bwanjye, kandi mubisanzwe ndakeka kubanza - ibisekuruza byose. Ahari muyindi myaka ibiri mugihe ibisekuru bizaza bigeze ku isoko ...