Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri irashobora kuzigama amafaranga, ariko igisubizo giterwa nuburyo ibiciro byawe byamashanyarazi, uburyo bukoreshwa, hamwe nubushake buhari. Sisitemu yo guturamo isanzwe itanga amafaranga yo kuzigama buri mwaka hagati y $ 160 na $ 2,400, hamwe nigihe cyo kwishyura kiri hagati yimyaka 5 na 15 bitewe nahantu hamwe niboneza.
Ubukungu bwahindutse cyane muri 2024-2025
Ikintu cyibanze cyahindutse mumasoko yo kubika bateri mugihe cya 2024.Ibiciro bya sisitemu byagabanutseho 40% umwaka - hejuru yumwaka -, hamwe n’ibiciro bya turnkey byagabanutse kuva $ 275 / kWt kugeza kuri $ 165 / kWt ku isi yose. Mu Bushinwa, ibiciro byageze ku $ 85 / kWt bitigeze bibaho kuri sisitemu y'amasaha 4, mu gihe ibiciro byo muri Amerika byagereranije $ 236 / kWt.
Ibi ntabwo ari iterambere ryiyongera gusa - ryerekana igiciro kinini - cyo kugabanya ibiciro kuva BloombergNEF yatangira gukurikirana isoko muri 2017. Isenyuka ryaturutse ku mbaraga eshatu zahuzaga: ibiciro bya karubone ya lisiyumu byagabanutseho 75% bivuye ku gipimo cya 2023 $ $ 80 / kg kugeza ku giciro cya $ 20 - 25 / kg, kongera umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byaragabanutse.
Ku baguzi basuzuma ububiko bwa batiri muri 2025, iki gihe gifite akamaro kanini. Sisitemu yo guturamo yatwaye $ 18,000 muri 2023 ubu igera hafi $ 13.000-15,000 mbere yo gutera inkunga. Inguzanyo y’imisoro n’ishoramari yiyongereyeho 30% kugeza mu Kuboza 2025, igabanya ubwo buryo ku madolari 9.100-10,500. Nyuma ya 2025, inguzanyo irangira burundu.
Inshingano ihita: gutegereza ntabwo byumvikana mubukungu keretse utegereje ko hajyaho indi ntera. Ibikorwa bya NREL biciriritse ibiciro bizagabanuka hafi 2,3% buri mwaka kugeza 2035-bihamye ariko ntahantu hegereye kugabanuka 2024.
Impinduka enye zerekana amafaranga wizigamiye
Amafaranga nyirizina uzigama mububiko bwa bateri biterwa nuburyo ibintu bine bihuye mubihe byihariye.
Imiterere yikigereranyo cyamashanyarazi
Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byose ntibiremwa bingana iyo bigeze mubukungu bwububiko.
Igihe - cya - gukoresha ibicirokora ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubika bateri. Aya mahoro yishyuza 2 - 3x menshi mugihe cyamasaha yo hejuru (mubisanzwe 4 - 9 PM) ugereranije nibiciro byijoro. Kaliforuniya ya Pasifika gazi n’amashanyarazi yishyura amafaranga agera kuri 57 / kilowat mu gihe cyizuba ryinshi ariko igiceri 32 gusa / kWt gusa. Mu Bwongereza, igiciro cya Octopus Energy's Intelligent Go gitanga 7p / kWt ijoro ryose hamwe na 25p / kWt ku manywa-ikwirakwizwa rya 257%.
Urugo rwa Jeworujiya mugihe - rwa gahunda yo gukoresha - rushobora kuzigama $ 160 - 425 buri mwaka hamwe na batiri ya 13.5 kWh mu kwishyuza ijoro ryose no gusohora mu masaha ahenze. Urwo rugo rumwe kuri gahunda iringaniye ntakintu nakimwe kizigama mubukemurampaka bwonyine.
Gusaba ibiregokubakiriya b'ubucuruzi batanga amahirwe menshi yo kuzigama. Abashoramari ntibishyura gusa ingufu zose zikoreshwa, ahubwo bishyura hejuru ya 15 - idirishya risaba buri kwezi. Umuvuduko umwe wa 200kW mugihe cya nyuma ya saa sita zirashobora kongeramo $ 2000-4,000 kuri fagitire ya buri kwezi. Sisitemu ya Bateri ifite ubunini bwo kogosha iyi mpinga akenshi igera kumyaka 3-5 yo kwishyura-byihuse cyane kuruta gusaba gutura.
Politiki yo gupima nezaingaruka zikomeye izuba - wongeyeho - ubukungu bwububiko. Byuzuye 1: 1 net net (aho ibikorwa byinguzanyo utanga igiciro cyo kugurisha izuba ryoherejwe hanze) bigabanya agaciro ko kubika kuva kugurisha ibisagutse kuri gride biba byiza cyane. Californiya ya NEM 3.0 yagabanije indishyi zoherezwa mu mahanga ku biciro byinshi, bituma ububiko bwa site - bukoreshwa cyane. Ba nyir'amazu binjije amafaranga 30 / kWh kugurisha kuri gride ubu bakira hafi 8 cent / kWh - mu buryo butunguranye, kubika izo mbaraga zo gukoresha nimugoroba byumvikana neza mubukungu.
Ingero Zikoresha Ingufu
Imiterere yingufu zawe za buri munsi ukoresha umurongo ugena inyungu ushobora gukuramo muri bateri.
Ingo aho buriwese akorera murugo kumunsi abona agaciro gake kububiko bwizuba - wongeyeho - ububiko. Basanzwe bakoresha izuba ryinshi nkuko ryakozwe, hasigara ibirenze kubika. Batare yicaye ahanini idafite akazi usibye kubura gake.
Ibinyuranye, ubusa - inzu - mugihe - imiryango - yumunsi ibona inyungu zidasanzwe. Imirasire y'izuba itanga 30-40 kWh buri munsi mugihe inzu ikoresha wenda 5 kWh mbere ya saa kumi n'imwe za mugitondo. Hatabitswe, ayo asagutse atemba kuri gride kubiciro byinshi. Hamwe na bateri ifite ubunini bukwiye, bafata kandi bahindura icyo gisekuru kumasaha ya nimugoroba mugihe urugo rukeneye 15-20 kWh.
Gukoresha hejuru - ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bitanga andi mahirwe. Niba ukoresheje sisitemu ya HVAC, kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, pompe za pisine, cyangwa ibikoresho byinganda, iyi mitwaro irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwo kuvana ingufu zabitswe mugihe cyimpera zihenze. Umwe mu bafite amazu yo mu Bwongereza yatangaje ko azigama £ 550 buri mwaka yishyuza batiri ya 13.5 kWh ijoro ryose kuri 7p / kWh kandi agakoresha pompe y’ubushyuhe ku mbaraga za batiri mu masaha ya 25p / kWt.
Guhitamo Sisitemu
Ibisobanuro wahisemo bigira ingaruka mubikorwa byubukungu.
Ubushobozi bwa Bateriikeneye kwitondera guhuza n'imikoreshereze yawe. Gukabya guta amafaranga kubushobozi budakoreshwa butigera buzunguruka. Kudashyira mu gaciro bivuze ko ugura imbaraga zihenze ziva muri gride. Ingingo ya optimizasiyo isanzwe igwa aho gusiganwa ku magare buri munsi byuzuye kandi bigasohora bateri, bikagabanya agaciro gakurwa kumadorari yashowe.
Amazu menshi yo guturamo akoresha sisitemu ya 10-15 kWh, yagenewe kubika bihagije kugirango ukoreshe nimugoroba nta bushobozi bukabije. Sisitemu yubucuruzi igera ku magana cyangwa ibihumbi bya kilowati, nini kugirango ihuze ibisabwa byo kogosha aho kuba buri munsi.
Kuzenguruka - gukora neza urugendoibintu birenze ibikoresho byo kwamamaza byerekana. Litiyumu ya fosifate ya batiri mubisanzwe igera kuri 85 - 87% ikora neza-bivuze ko utakaza 13-15% byingufu zabitswe kugirango uhindure igihombo. Kuri buri kilo 100 wishyuza, 85-87 kWh gusa iragaruka. Kuri stratégie ya kamarampaka kugura amafaranga 10 / kilowati no kugurisha 30 cent / kWt, ibyo bihombo birya muburyo bwawe.
Kuringaniza izubaihindura muburyo bugereranije. Batteri isanzwe ya kamarampaka ibiciro bya grid. Imirasire y'izuba - hiyongereyeho - sisitemu yo kubika ibanza kwigwizaho - gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ku buntu, hanyuma ukoreshe ubushobozi busigaye kugira ngo ukemure ibiciro. Ibikorwa bibiri - ibikorwa bigamije kuzamura ROI kuri 30-50% ugereranije nububiko bwihariye.
Amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho nayo aratandukanye cyane. Ongeraho bateri muri sisitemu yizuba isanzwe bisaba akazi k'amashanyarazi gashobora kugura $ 3000 - 5,000. Kwishyiriraho icyarimwe icyarimwe bizigama ibiciro byikubye - impamvu imwe izuba - wongeyeho-kubika ibicuruzwa akenshi byerekana ubukungu bwiza kuruta kwishyiriraho.
Gahunda Ziboneka Zitera inkunga
Gahunda za leta zirashobora kugabanya ibiciro byambere 30-60%, bigahindura muburyo bwimibare yishoramari.
Federal ITC ikomeje kuba inyungu rusange kubakiriya ba Amerika, itanga inguzanyo yimisoro 30% kubiciro bya batiri kugeza Ukuboza 2025. Ibi bikora gusa nkinguzanyo yimisoro, ntabwo ari inyungu - ugomba kuba ufite imisoro ihagije kugirango ubisabe. Kuri sisitemu 15,000 $, ayo ni $ 4.500 yo kuzigama imisoro.
Californiya Yigenga - Gahunda yo Guteza Imbere Igisekuru hejuru ya ITC, itanga $ 1.000 / kWh kuri sisitemu yujuje ibyangombwa. Batare ya 13.5 kWh ishobora kwakira $ 13.500 muri SGIP yonyine, nubwo urwego rwo gushimangira rugenda rushingiye ku byinjira n’aho biherereye. Inyungu zisumbuye zibasira abaturage batishoboye hamwe n’ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’umuriro.
Gahunda yo kubika ingufu za Connecticut itanga amadolari agera ku 16,000 kuri sisitemu, mugihe Massachusetts yubaka uburyo bwo kwishyura hafi {{2} compensation indishyi zikomeje kuri serivisi za gride zishobora kuba ibihumbi buri mwaka. Bamwe mubatangiye kare bavuga ko bishyuye byuzuye ibiciro bya batiri mugihe cyimyaka 5-7.
Amasoko yuburayi afata inzira zitandukanye. Ubwongereza bwakuyeho TVA kuri sisitemu yo kubika batiri mu 2024, ihita igabanya ibiciro 20%. Ubudage butanga - inguzanyo zinyungu binyuze muri KfW Bank, mugihe gahunda zitandukanye zo mukarere zitanga izindi nkunga.
Gufata: gahunda yo gushimangira ihinduka kenshi kandi akenshi ifite amafaranga make. SGIP ya Californiya hafi ya yose yarangije ingengo yimari yayo mu 2024, ihatira abakiriya bayo kurutonde. Iyi nkunga idashidikanywaho itera byihutirwa - gutegereza bishobora gusobanura kubura gahunda zihari rwose.
Ibihe Byukuri byo Kwishura hamwe nimibare ifatika
Reka tujye muri rusange mubibare byihariye byerekana uko isoko rya 2025 ryifashe.
Urugero rwa 1: Californiya ituye izuba - wongeyeho - ububiko
Ibisobanuro bya sisitemu:
6.5 kWt izuba ryinshi + 13.5 kWh bateri
Igiciro cyose cya sisitemu: $ 28.000
Federal ITC (30%): - $ 8.400
SGIP ishimangira: - $ 8,000
Ishoramari ryiza: $ 11,600
Uru rugo rukoresha 30 kWh buri munsi. Imirasire y'izuba itanga 32 kWh buri munsi (ugereranije). Mbere yo kubika, izuba rirenze ryoherezwa muri gride munsi ya NEM 3.0 ryinjije amafaranga 8 / kWt. Hamwe nububiko, bakoresha ingufu za nimugoroba muri bateri aho kwishyura 45 cent / kWh igiciro cyo kugurisha.
Kubara buri mwaka kuzigama:
Kwiyubaka - kunoza imikoreshereze: 18 kWt / kumunsi × $ 0.37 / kWt days iminsi 365=$ 2,431
Gucana agaciro mugihe cya 3 cyumwaka: ~ $ 150
Inyungu rusange yumwaka: $ 2,581
Igihe cyo kwishyura: imyaka 4.5
Nyuma yimyaka 12 (garanti ya bateri isanzwe), kuzigama yose: $ 30.972. Kubara amafaranga yo gusimbuza bateri hafi yumwaka 12-15 na 2% guta agaciro kwamashanyarazi yumwaka, agaciro keza karenga $ 18,000 mumyaka 15.
Urugero rwa 2: Texas bateri yihariye ya kamarampaka
Ibisobanuro bya sisitemu:
13.5 kWh bateri hamwe na Hybrid inverter
Igiciro cyose: $ 13.500
Federal ITC (30%): - $ 4.050
Ishoramari ryiza: $ 9.450
Texas ERCOT isoko yiboneye ihindagurika rikabije ryibiciro. Uru rugo mugihe - rwa - gukoresha gahunda yishyura amafaranga 8 / kilowat ijoro ryose, 22 cent / kWt mu masaha yigitugu, na 35 cent / kWt mugihe cya 4-8 PM.
Kubara buri mwaka kuzigama:
Ubukemurampaka bwa buri munsi: Umukino wa batiri 10 kWh cycling × $ 0.27 / kWt itandukaniro days iminsi 365=$ 986
Kwiyogoshesha impeshyi (iminsi 90 kubitandukanye cyane): $ 340
Virtual power yitabira kwishyura: $ 200
Inyungu rusange yumwaka: $ 1.526
Igihe cyo kwishyura: imyaka 6.2
Ibi birasa nabi na Californiya, cyane cyane ko nta zuba ryizuba rifata. Batare ikemura gusa ibiciro bya gride. Ariko, Texas ishimangira irashobora kunoza iyi mibare - gahunda ziteganijwe muri 2025 zishobora kongeramo $ 1.500-3,000.
Urugero rwa 3: Ubwongereza butuye hamwe nigihe - cya - koresha ibiciro
Ibisobanuro bya sisitemu:
Sisitemu ya batiri 10 kWh
Igiciro cyose: £ 7.200 (harimo no gukuraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro)
Inkunga ya leta: - £ 500
Ishoramari ryiza:, 6 6.700
Urugo rwo mu Bwongereza ukoresheje igiciro cya Octopus Intelligent Go, wishyura 7p / kWt ijoro ryose (12: 30-5: 30 AM) na 25p / kWt ku manywa. Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi: 25 kWh, hamwe na 18 kWh bibaho mumasaha ahenze kumanywa.
Kubara buri mwaka kuzigama:
Ubukemurampaka bwa buri munsi: 9 kWh gusiganwa ku magare × £ 0.18 / kWt itandukaniro days iminsi 365=£ 591
Inyungu rusange yumwaka: £ 591
Igihe cyo kwishyura: imyaka 11.3
Ibihe byu Bwongereza byerekana ubukungu bwifashe nabi kurusha ingero z’Amerika. Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri hasi bikwirakwira hamwe na sisitemu yo hejuru (na nyuma yo gukuraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro) kurambura igihe cyo kwishyura. Ariko, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi {{4} rates Igipimo cy’Ubwongereza cyiyongereyeho 33% kuva 2014-2024-gishobora kwihutisha kugaruka.
Urugero rwa 4: Ikigo cyubucuruzi gifite amafaranga asabwa
Ibisobanuro bya sisitemu:
Sisitemu ya batiri 300 kWt / 600 kWh
Igiciro cyose: $ 420.000
Federal ITC (30%): - $ 126,000
Inyungu yo guta agaciro byihuse: - $ 95,000
Ishoramari ryiza: $ 199,000
Uruganda rukora hamwe na 800 kW isaba kwishyurwa yishyura amadorari 18 / kilowati yo gusaba buri kwezi, hiyongereyeho ingufu zingana na 11 cent / kWt.
Kubara buri mwaka kuzigama:
Kugabanuka kwishyurwa (kogosha 200 kW): 200 kW × $ 18 / kW × amezi 12=$ 43,200
Ubukemurampaka bwingufu (250 kWh kumagare kumunsi): 250 kWh × $ 0.05 / kWh × 250 iminsi yakazi=$ 3,125
Irinde ibihano by'ingufu: $ 4.800
Inyungu rusange yumwaka: $ 51,125
Igihe cyo kwishyura: imyaka 3.9
Porogaramu zubucuruzi zihora zerekana ubukungu buhanitse ugereranije no gutura. Sisitemu nini yunguka mubukungu bwikigereranyo, amafaranga asabwa atanga amahirwe menshi yo kuzigama, kandi ubucuruzi bushobora gukoresha inyungu zinyongera zumusoro zitaboneka kubafite amazu.
Iyo Ububiko bwa Bateri budakora neza
Gusobanukirwa aho ububiko bwananiranye mubukungu nkukumenya aho bigera.
Igipimo cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi nta gihe - cya - koresha ibicekura shoferi yibanze. Niba wishyuye igiciro kimwe 24/7, ntamahirwe ya kamarampaka. Batare yawe ntishobora kunguka kubitandukanya ibiciro bitabaho. Imbaraga zinyuma ziba inyungu yonyine - kandi ubwo ni ubwishingizi buhenze kuri $ 1, 000+ kuri kilowati.
Ibikorwa bimwe bitanga ibiciro biri munsi yamafaranga 12 / kWt. Kuri ibi biciro, ndetse nizuba, kuzigama gake ntibishobora gutsindishiriza $ 10,000-15,000 $. Uzakenera imyaka 15-20 kugirango ucike nubwo, icyo gihe urimo wegera cyangwa urenze ubuzima bwingirakamaro.
Gukoresha amashanyarazi makebinatesha agaciro ikibazo cyamafaranga. Niba ukoresha 15-20 kWh gusa buri munsi, ntabwo gusa imbaraga zihagije zinjiza kugirango uzigame neza. Batare ya 13.5 kWh izunguruka 8 kWh gusa kumunsi ntabwo ikuramo agaciro ugereranije nigiciro cyayo.
Umugabo n'umugore ba Californiya bakoresha 18 kWh buri munsi (urugo rukora neza) babaze ko bazigama amadolari 480 gusa buri mwaka hamwe nububiko. Ishoramari ryabo $ 12,000 ryatanze umusaruro 25 - umwaka wo kwishyura-bitumvikana kurwego urwo arirwo rwose. Byaba byiza bashoye ayo madolari 12,000 mu kigega fatizo.
Gahunda nziza yo gupima netgabanya agaciro k'ububiko ku buryo bugaragara. Byuzuye 1: 1 net net byingenzi bituma gride yawe yubusa. Kuberiki wishyura amadolari 12,000 yo kubika umubiri mugihe ushobora kubitsa amabanki atagira imipaka hamwe nibikorwa byingirakamaro?
Ibi birasobanura impamvu kubika bateri byakomeje kwibazwaho mubukungu mumasoko menshi kugeza vuba aha. Igihe cyose politiki yo gupima net yashyigikiye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hejuru yo gukoresha -, bateri ntishobora guhangana. Gusa gutesha agaciro imvugo yo gupima net byatumye bakurura amafaranga.
Kuboneka kwizewe kubonekaikora indi nzitizi. Niba uri muri reta idafite ubushake, guhangana na sisitemu yuzuye igiciro gihindura byose. Iyo sisitemu imwe ya Californiya igura $ 11,600 net yagura $ 28.000 idafite ITC na SGIP. Kwishura biva kumyaka 4.5 kugeza kumyaka 10.8 - kandi bitunguranye bisa nkibidashimishije.
Gahunda ngufi - gahunda yo guturaimpaka zirwanya ishoramari. Ibihe byo kwishyura twaganiriye tekereza ko uzaguma murugo rwawe imyaka 5 - 15. Niba uteganya kwimuka mumyaka 2 - 3, ntuzigera usubiza imari yawe. Mugihe sisitemu ya batiri ishobora kongerera agaciro umutungo, hari ibimenyetso bike byongera ibiciro byo kugurisha amadolari-kumadorari hamwe nigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho.
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko amazu afite izuba agurishwa kuri 3 - 4% ugereranije n’amazu agereranywa adafite, ariko ubushakashatsi ku bubiko bwongerewe agaciro bukomeza kuba buke. Abaguzi baha agaciro kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi agaragara; inyungu zo kubika ziragoye kuvugana no kugenzura.
Agaciro Hihishe Kumugaragaro Imbaraga
Ibiharuro byuzuye byubukungu byabuze urugero rwingenzi rwo kubika bateri: agaciro k'ubwishingizi kubura.
Isesengura ryubukungu risanzwe rikuraho inyungu zinyuma zinyuma kuko bigoye kubara. Nibihe bingana iki kugirango firigo yawe ikore mugihe cyamasaha 6? Bite ho kubungabunga umusaruro wibiro byo murugo mugihe udahungabana?
Kubafite amazu menshi yo mumijyi no mumijyi, umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Imiyoboro ya gride igereranya 99,9% mu turere twinshi two muri Amerika, bivuze amasaha 9 gusa yo kumanura buri mwaka. Kuri iyo frequence, imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma ntizikwiye ibihumbi nishoramari ryambere.
Kubara bihinduka cyane mubihe byihariye. Kaliforuniya y’umuriro yibibera byinshi - umunsi Umutekano rusange wa Shutoffs wibasiye miliyoni zabakiriya. Umwe mu baturage bo mu Ntara ya Sonoma yatangaje ko ibura 8 ryatandukanijwe hamwe n’amasaha 47 mu 2023.Ibikoresho bye by’ubuvuzi byasabye ingufu zo kugarura ibintu, atari ngombwa - mu buryo butunguranye sisitemu ya batiri ntabwo yari ishoramari ry’ingufu, byari bikenewe mu buzima.
Inkubi y'umuyaga - uturere dukunze kwibasirwa ninyanja duhura ningaruka zisa. Icyumweru kidafite amashanyarazi cyangiza ibiryo bikonje bifite agaciro k'amadorari amagana, bitera umwuzure uturuka kuri pompe zidakora -, kandi bigatuma amazu adashobora guturwa mubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imbeho. Umuryango umwe wa Texas wabaze igihombo cyo guhagarika Gashyantare 2021 kirenga $ 8000 bivuye mu miyoboro yaturika no kwangiza ibiryo - birenze igiciro cya sisitemu ya batiri.
Icyaro hamwe nibikorwa remezo bishaje nabyo bireba hejuru yumuriro. Ahantu hamwe ugereranije amasaha 20-30 yumwanya wo kumwaka, bigatuma imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma zigenda zifite agaciro.
Abashoramari bahura n’imigabane myinshi. Ibiciro byo kumanura kubigo byamakuru birashobora kurenga $ 5,000 kumunota. Ibikoresho byo gukora bitakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora. Abacuruzi ntibashobora gutunganya ibikorwa. Izi ngaruka zikorwa akenshi zemeza ishoramari rya batiri ridashingiye ku nyungu za kamarampaka.
Uruganda rumwe rukora ibicuruzwa rwabaze ko kwirinda isaha imwe - isaha yazigamye $ 45,000 mu musaruro wabuze-uhita usobanura sisitemu ya bateri 180.000 mbere yo gusuzuma amafaranga yo kuzigama.
Ikibazo kiri mukugenera agaciro k'amadolari kuri izi nyungu. Politiki yubwishingizi itanga urwego rumwe: niki cyagereranya imbaraga zo kugarura ibicuruzwa binyuze muri generator cyangwa amasezerano ya serivisi buri mwaka? Amashanyarazi yubucuruzi akenera amadolari 800-2000 yumwaka hiyongereyeho ibiciro bya lisansi. Mugihe cyubuzima bwa bateri yimyaka 12-15, ayo mafaranga arashobora kwegera cyangwa kurenza ikiguzi cya sisitemu.
Kugwiza Ishoramari Ryabitswe
Niba warahisemo ububiko bwa batiri bwumvikana kumafaranga kubibazo byawe, ingamba nyinshi zitezimbere kugaruka.
Ingano ya sisitemu neza nuburyo ukoresha.Kinini ntabwo gihita cyiza. Batare ya 20 kWh ntabwo itanga inshuro ebyiri agaciro ka batiri 10 kWh niba ushobora kuzenguruka 12 kWh kumunsi. Koresha isesengura rirambuye ukoresheje metero yubwenge cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango umenye umurongo wawe wa buri munsi. Intego ya 80-90% burimunsi yo gusohora kugirango ubukungu bukore neza.
Huza izuba igihe cyose bishoboka.Imikoranire hagati yizuba ryizuba hamwe nububiko bwo gutwara ibintu byagarutse ugereranije na sisitemu yihariye. Ufata ingufu z'izuba kubuntu zohereza hanze kubiciro bitari byiza, hanyuma ukabikoresha mugihe cyamasaha ahenze. Izi nyungu zibiri zitezimbere ROI kuri 30-50% nububiko bwonyine.
Igihe cyo kwishyiriraho nacyo gifite akamaro. Ongeraho ububiko bwizuba risaba imirimo yinyongera yamashanyarazi no kwemerera ko kongeramo icyarimwe birinda. Inganda zerekana inganda zerekana izuba - hiyongereyeho - ibikoresho byo kubika bigura $ 3.000-5000 ugereranije n’ibikorwa bikurikiranye.
Hindura uburyo bwihariye bwibipimo.Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri itanga igenzura rikomeye rishobora guhindura imikorere cyane. Gahunda yo kwishyuza gahunda kugirango ihuze neza na - igiciro cyamasaha nijoro. Shiraho isohoka kugirango ushyire hejuru - agaciro kigihe cyigihe.
Sisitemu zimwe zateye imbere zihuza hamwe ningirakamaro APIs kugirango igere ku byukuri {{0} data amakuru y'ibiciro, ihita ihindura imyitwarire uko ibiciro bihindagurika. Abagenzuzi bafite ubwenge barashobora kongeramo 15-20% mukuzigama kwumwaka ugereranije na gahunda yagenwe.
Kwitabira gahunda zingirakamaro zirenze net metering.Amashanyarazi yibikorwa, asaba gahunda yo gusubiza, hamwe na serivise ya gride irema iyindi nzira yinjira. Ibikorwa bizishyura amafaranga yo gukoresha bateri yawe kugirango uhagarike gride mugihe cyo guhangayika.
Porogaramu yihutirwa yo kugabanya imizigo ya Californiya yishyura $ 2 / kWt kubushobozi butangwa mugihe cyihutirwa cya gride. Massachusetts 'Connected Solutions igereranya $ 225-400 buri mwaka kuri bateri yanditse. Izi porogaramu zihindura bateri yawe mumitungo ya gride yinjiza amafaranga arenze ibyo wizigamiye.
Texas yayoboye igihugu hamwe na miliyoni 750 z'amadolari yo kuzigama abaguzi bivuye mu kohereza bateri mu mpeshyi 2024 yonyine - cyane cyane binyuze mu isoko ry’isoko ryinshi kandi risaba igisubizo.
Kurikirana imikorere neza mumwaka wambere.Sisitemu ya bateri ni gake igera kumikorere yibikorwa nyuma yo kwishyiriraho. Igenamiterere ritari ryo, ibibazo byitumanaho hamwe na inverters, cyangwa gahunda y'ibiciro itagenwe neza irashobora kugabanya inyungu kuri 25-40%.
Reba porogaramu ikurikirana buri cyumweru mumezi yambere. Kugenzura kwishyurwa bibaho mugihe cyagenewe off- Windows ya mpinga. Emeza gusohora bihuye nibihe byo hejuru. Abashiraho benshi batanga serivise nziza yo gukora neza - guhuza sisitemu ishingiye kumibare nyayo ikoreshwa - mubisanzwe bitezimbere imikorere 10-15% mugihe cyambere.
Reba ingaruka za garanti zo gusiganwa ku magare.Garanti nyinshi za batiri zemeza ko 70% igumana ubushobozi nyuma yimyaka 10 cyangwa umubare wizuba (mubisanzwe 4000-6,000). Umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare buri munsi byihutisha gutesha agaciro kandi birashobora gukuraho garanti iyo urenze imipaka yagenwe.
Kubara niba amafaranga yinyongera yinyongera aturuka kumasoko ya buri munsi arenze ingaruka za garanti. Mubikorwa byinshi byo guturamo, ukwezi kuzuye buri munsi kugukomeza neza kurenza urugero rwa garanti mugihe inyungu nyinshi zubukungu.
Icyo Imyaka itanu iri imbere
Isoko ryo kubika batiri riratera imbere byihuse, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bushobora guhindura ubukungu muri 2030.
Gukomeza kugabanya ibiciro bigaragara ko bishoboka ariko ntabwo byemewe.Imishinga ya NREL igereranije imishinga ya batiri yo guturamo igabanuka kuva $ 1,098 / kWt muri 2022 ikagera kuri $ 704 / kWt muri 2030 - igabanuka rya 36%. BloombergNEF ibona inzira zisa, hamwe na selile ya lithium-ion ishobora kugera kuri $ 60-70 / kWt muri 2030.
Nyamara, ibi biteganijwe bifata urunigi rutangwa kandi rugenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga. Guhagarika ubucuruzi, guhindura ibiciro, cyangwa guhagarika ibikoresho fatizo bishobora gutinda cyangwa guhindura igabanuka ryibiciro. Ibiciro byatanzwe muri Amerika kubice bya batiri yubushinwa bishobora kongera ibiciro 20-60% biramutse bishyizwe mubikorwa.
Igiciro cya 2024 cyaturutse kubintu byihariye, bitari - ibintu bisubirwamo: lithium irenze urugero hamwe nubushinwa burenze ubushobozi. Mugihe inyungu zunguka ningaruka zizakomeza ibiciro byo gutwara ibiciro, utegereje ko 40% imwe - igabanuka ryumwaka bisa nkibidashoboka.
Gahunda zishishikaza zihura nigihe kizaza.Federasiyo ITC irangira ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2025, keretse iyo Kongere iyongereye. Gahunda ya leta - nka SGIP ya Californiya irarangiza ibidendezi byabo. Abakiriya bamwe ubu bahura nurutonde rwamezi 6-12 yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Inzego zishishikaza zishobora guhinduka mubikorwa - zishingiye ku kwishura aho gusubizwa imbere. Porogaramu zishyura serivise zihoraho zihuza neza nibikenewe byingirakamaro kuruta uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyiriraho. Inzibacyuho yahindura imibare yimari cyane - bisaba igihe kirekire - igihe giteganijwe cyo gufata agaciro aho kugabanya ibiciro byihuse.
Igihe - cya - igipimo cyo gukoresha kiraguka vuba.Ibikorwa byinshi bifasha gushyira mubikorwa cyangwa gutegeka igihe - ibiciro bitandukanye. Californiya isaba igihe cyambere - ya - koresha fagitire kubakiriya bose batuye. Ibindi bihugu bikurikiza inzira zisa nkuko byinjira byiyongera kandi ibikorwa bifasha gucunga ibyifuzo bikenewe.
Iyi myumvire ishyigikira cyane ubukungu bwububiko. Buri gihe gishya - cya - gukoresha porogaramu irema abakiriya bateri yumvikana gitunguranye. Amasoko yerekana ubukungu bubitse muri iki gihe arashobora kuba mwiza mugihe cyimyaka 2-3 uko ibiciro bigenda bihinduka.
Ubundi buryo bwa chimisties ya batiri iragaragara.Mugihe lithium - ion yiganje mubikorwa byubu, bateri ya sodium - ion yinjira mubikorwa byubucuruzi ku giciro cya 20 - 30% munsi ya lithium ihwanye. Ingufu Vault nizindi zirimo guteza imbere sisitemu yo kubika ibintu bifatika.
Ubundi buryo bushobora guhungabanya imbaraga zamasoko agezweho nibagera kuburinganire hamwe nibikorwa byiza biranga. Nyamara, lithium - ion ifite inyungu - yashyizeho urunigi rwo gutanga, byagaragaye ko ari iyo kwizerwa, hamwe no gukomeza gutera imbere - byerekana ko izakomeza kwiganza kubisaba gutura kugeza 2030.
Impungenge zo kwizerwa za gride zirakomera.Ibihe bikabije by’ikirere, ibikorwa remezo bishaje, no kongera amashanyarazi bikenera ingufu za gride. Californiya yahuye n’amashanyarazi 25, 000+ mu 2023. Texas ERCOT yatanze imburi nyinshi zihutirwa.
Kwangirika kwizerwa bituma imbaraga zinyuma zububiko bwa bateri zigenda zigaragara. Icyahoze ari ubwishingizi bwa theoretical gihinduka nkenerwa mumasoko ahura nibibazo byinshi. Ibi birashobora kwihutisha kwakirwa bitagendeye kubukungu bwimbaraga zubukungu.
Inshingano yagutse: kubika bateri kuva mubicuruzwa byiza kubatangira hakiri kare ibikorwa remezo murugo. Mugihe cyimyaka 5 {2
Litiyumu - bateri ya ion yaguze $ 1,200 / kWt mu mwaka wa 2010. Yatwaye $ 165 / kWt muri 2024-kugabanuka 86% mu myaka 14. Indi myaka icumi yiterambere nkiyi irashobora gutuma ibiciro bigera kuri $ 50-75 / kWt, bigahindura rwose ubukungu.
Kuri ibyo biciro, ibihe byo kwishyura bigabanuka kugeza 2 - imyaka 4 kubisabwa byinshi. Ububiko bugaragara mubukungu aho kubarwa neza. Amasoko asa nkaho ari marginal - igorofa - igiciro cyabakiriya, ingo - ingo zikoresha, uturere tutabishishikariye-bitunguranye.
Ikibazo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba ububiko bwa bateri amaherezo buzumvikana mubukungu. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro no guhinduranya ibipimo byerekana iyo ejo hazaza. Ikibazo ni igihe: ni ryari ibihe byawe byihariye birenga imbibi zishidikanywaho bikabije?
Kumurongo mwinshi - ukoresha ingo za Californiya hamwe nizuba nigihe - cya - cyo gukoresha, ako kanya kageze 2 - hashize imyaka 3. Kubiciro biciriritse byabakiriya bo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati badafite ubushake, hashobora kuba hashize imyaka 5-7. Gusobanukirwa aho ugwa kuri iyo specran bigena niba ugomba gukora nonaha cyangwa gutegereza ibihe byiza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Sisitemu yo kubika bateri imara igihe kingana iki mbere yo gukenera gusimburwa?
Litiyumu nyinshi - bateri ion zitwara garanti yemeza ko 70% igumana ubushobozi nyuma yimyaka 10 - 12 cyangwa 4000 - 6,000. Imikorere nyayo-yisi yerekana sisitemu nziza irenze ibyo bisobanuro, ikomeza ubushobozi bwa 75-80% nyuma yimyaka 12. Gusimbuza byuzuye mubisanzwe biba nkenerwa hagati yimyaka 12-15, bitewe nuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nubujyakuzimu. Abakora nka Tesla na LG Chem bavuga ko bateri ikora buri gihe kirenze igihe cya garanti, nubwo buhoro buhoro igabanya ubushobozi. Impinduka nyamukuru ni buri munsi gusiganwa ku magare yimbitse-bateri zisanzwe zisohora kugeza kuri 20% ubushobozi bwangirika vuba kurenza izigabanijwe hagati ya 30-80%.
Nshobora kongeramo bateri muri sisitemu yizuba iriho nta kuzamura cyane?
Ongeraho ububiko bwokoresha izuba rihari birashoboka ariko bisaba gusuzuma ubwoko bwa inverter y'ubu. AC - sisitemu ihujwe irashobora guhuza bateri nimpinduka nkeya - wongeyeho bateri hamwe na inverter yayo ihuza kuruhande rwa AC ya inverteri yizuba. DC {{4} systems sisitemu ihujwe irashobora gusaba gusimbuza inverter kugirango ihuze bateri. Abashiraho benshi basaba kuvanga imashini mugihe wongeyeho ububiko, bukoresha imicungire yizuba na batiri. Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bufite akamaro; bateri mubisanzwe ikenera 30-40 amp. Inzu zifite umwanya muto zishobora gukenera serivisi zamashanyarazi zigura $ 1.500-3,000. Nubwo ibi biciro, retrofiting ububiko busanzwe bukoresha 15-20% bihendutse kuruta gukuraho sisitemu yuzuye no kuyisubiramo.
Bigenda bite kubitsa bateri iyo ngurishije inzu yanjye?
Sisitemu ya bateri yimurira ba nyirayo bashya hamwe numutungo, bisa nibikoresho bya HVAC. Nyamara, agaciro k'urugo agaciro ka bateri ntigashidikanywaho. Ubushakashatsi ku zuba bwerekana 3 - 4% igiciro cyo kugurisha cyiyongereye, ariko ububiko - ubushakashatsi bwihariye ni buke. Abakozi bashinzwe imitungo itimukanwa bavuga ko bateri zitanga ingingo zivuga ku bwigenge bw’ingufu n’amafaranga yo hasi, birashoboka ko byihuta kugurisha ku masoko arushanwa. Uturere tumwe na tumwe twerekana agaciro gakomeye-abaguzi ba Californiya bamenyereye guhagarika PSP baha agaciro imbaraga zo kugarura imbaraga, mugihe abaguzi bo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati bashobora kutabyitaho. Amasezerano yubukode agora iyimurwa; bitandukanye na sisitemu zifite, ubukode busaba kwemererwa inguzanyo kubafite amazu mashya, birashoboka kugabanya pisine yawe. Niba ugurisha mugihe cyo kwishyura, birashoboka ko uzasohoka mbere yo kugarura igishoro cyawe.
Sisitemu ya batiri isaba gukomeza kubungabunga cyangwa gusimbuza ibice?
Litiyumu ya kijyambere - sisitemu ya batiri ya ion ni kubungabunga cyane - kubuntu, bitandukanye na bateri ya kera - acide isaba kuzuza amazi buri gihe no gusukura itumanaho. Ibice bifunze ntibikeneye umukoresha serivisi zirenze ivugururwa rya software rimwe na rimwe binyuze muri WiFi. Inverters isanzwe imara imyaka 10 - 12 mbere yo gusaba gusimburwa, igura $ 2000 - 3.500. Igenzura ryumwaka nabashiraho birasabwa ariko ntabwo ari itegeko-kugenzura guhuza, gusuzuma amakuru yimikorere, no kugenzura imikorere ya sisitemu. Ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano na software aho kunanirwa ibyuma. Ababikora barasaba kubika bateri mubipimo by'ubushyuhe bwihariye (mubisanzwe dogere 32-95 F) kugirango ubuzima bubeho; ubushyuhe bukabije bwihutisha kwangirika. Bije hafi 2,5% yikiguzi cya sisitemu yambere buri mwaka kumafaranga ya O&M, cyane cyane ububiko bwo gusimbuza inverter.